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2013 Vol. 43, No. 1
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2013, 43(1): 1-3,60.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301001
Abstract:
From the mid-20th century,the research of industrial heritage had become a subject on relict cultural,historical,economic and technological value of the Industrial Revolution period.With the development of social economy in China,nowadays,industrial heritage research has gradually become the popular topic in China.Moreover,its research work involves many subjects such as architecture,programming and tourism etc.Through collecting and analyzing present research findings,it was discussed its research course and characteristics.Based on which,it was also probed into its trend of development of industrial heritage protection and recycling in China.
From the mid-20th century,the research of industrial heritage had become a subject on relict cultural,historical,economic and technological value of the Industrial Revolution period.With the development of social economy in China,nowadays,industrial heritage research has gradually become the popular topic in China.Moreover,its research work involves many subjects such as architecture,programming and tourism etc.Through collecting and analyzing present research findings,it was discussed its research course and characteristics.Based on which,it was also probed into its trend of development of industrial heritage protection and recycling in China.
2013, 43(1): 4-8,54.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301002
Abstract:
Based on analyzing the environmental value,historical value,economic value,social and cultural values on reusing the old buildings,a warehouse in Hangzhou City for example was presented.It was focused on reinforcement design and repair techniques.By using the technique of underpinning the main structure,changing the types of foundation and adding base tie beams,the treatment of the surrounding environment,wall reinforcement and etc was carried out.It was well combined the warehouse function improving with the original appearance maintenance.Its successful experience could be used as a reference for reinforcement of similar heritage buildings.
Based on analyzing the environmental value,historical value,economic value,social and cultural values on reusing the old buildings,a warehouse in Hangzhou City for example was presented.It was focused on reinforcement design and repair techniques.By using the technique of underpinning the main structure,changing the types of foundation and adding base tie beams,the treatment of the surrounding environment,wall reinforcement and etc was carried out.It was well combined the warehouse function improving with the original appearance maintenance.Its successful experience could be used as a reference for reinforcement of similar heritage buildings.
2013, 43(1): 9-13,161.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301003
Abstract:
Renovating old buildings to save resources and reducing damage to the environment has become the world consensus of government decision during the urban development.In the city replanning process,it is important to combine the way of reuse the industrial heritage and urban planning and site development of the overall image organically.It should be treated the value of industrial heritage rationally,and it should be taken as the opportunity to create a diversity of urban spatial form,which would become the effective strategy in the process of urban development..
Renovating old buildings to save resources and reducing damage to the environment has become the world consensus of government decision during the urban development.In the city replanning process,it is important to combine the way of reuse the industrial heritage and urban planning and site development of the overall image organically.It should be treated the value of industrial heritage rationally,and it should be taken as the opportunity to create a diversity of urban spatial form,which would become the effective strategy in the process of urban development..
2013, 43(1): 14-16.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301004
Abstract:
Through introduction to the development of the protection of industry heritage,it was analyzed the status quo of protection of Qingdao industry heritage and referred to the excellent instance,finally,the following conclusions were got: for the target,it was mainly contained that tracing urban memory and enhancing the suitability of industrial heritage;for the strategies,mainly contained the emphasis on the truth of industrial heritage,the rational way of protection and reuse,and the concrete strategies.
Through introduction to the development of the protection of industry heritage,it was analyzed the status quo of protection of Qingdao industry heritage and referred to the excellent instance,finally,the following conclusions were got: for the target,it was mainly contained that tracing urban memory and enhancing the suitability of industrial heritage;for the strategies,mainly contained the emphasis on the truth of industrial heritage,the rational way of protection and reuse,and the concrete strategies.
2013, 43(1): 17-19,31.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301005
Abstract:
The remodeling of old industrial buildings has become the current important topic.It should be looked for the economic method of remodeling to realize the building new function;and the industrial building should be reused,which contained history and culture connotation,and also new meaning was injected.It was summarized remodeling methods for buildings' external interface and internal space,which could give exploration and thinking of design methods of remodeling industrial buildings.
The remodeling of old industrial buildings has become the current important topic.It should be looked for the economic method of remodeling to realize the building new function;and the industrial building should be reused,which contained history and culture connotation,and also new meaning was injected.It was summarized remodeling methods for buildings' external interface and internal space,which could give exploration and thinking of design methods of remodeling industrial buildings.
2013, 43(1): 20-24.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301006
Abstract:
Aiming to the renovation of industrial buildings in the cities,taking the reform scheme of Xiaqiao Mine's machinery factory in Xuzhou for example,it was discussed the direction and method of reforming it,and it was also tried to add new function of the industrial buildings to achieve its true sense of the continuity and further development.
Aiming to the renovation of industrial buildings in the cities,taking the reform scheme of Xiaqiao Mine's machinery factory in Xuzhou for example,it was discussed the direction and method of reforming it,and it was also tried to add new function of the industrial buildings to achieve its true sense of the continuity and further development.
2013, 43(1): 25-27,37.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301007
Abstract:
Under the general tendency of current social economic transition,city reconstruction is in full swing.The voice of both dismantling constructing and effective utilization,integration transformation exists.In Germany where industrialization has been highly developed,a saying is often cited that reasonable usage is half maintenance.As to the industrial plants whose production functions have been canceled,finding a new suitable one for it is the key to provoking their potential vitality.It was made an in-depth analysis of the renovation and reconstruction of Tianjin Hongqiao Carpet Factory,and presented several suggestions on the function replacement of old industry architectures.
Under the general tendency of current social economic transition,city reconstruction is in full swing.The voice of both dismantling constructing and effective utilization,integration transformation exists.In Germany where industrialization has been highly developed,a saying is often cited that reasonable usage is half maintenance.As to the industrial plants whose production functions have been canceled,finding a new suitable one for it is the key to provoking their potential vitality.It was made an in-depth analysis of the renovation and reconstruction of Tianjin Hongqiao Carpet Factory,and presented several suggestions on the function replacement of old industry architectures.
2013, 43(1): 28-31.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301008
Abstract:
Along with the national recognition about the impellent rebuilding of the city and the energy efficiency,the rebuilding of industrial architecture was brought forward.In the all-around period of the rebuilding,the simulation technology can be used for the design of the energy efficiency.A workshop was taken as the case of analyzing energy efficiency rebuilding,it was expounded the simulation technology method of the energy efficiency,the lighting and the ventilation.The simulation concept of layer upon layer was brought forward,which provided some ideas about the simulation technology for the energy efficiency rebuilding of the industrial architecture.
Along with the national recognition about the impellent rebuilding of the city and the energy efficiency,the rebuilding of industrial architecture was brought forward.In the all-around period of the rebuilding,the simulation technology can be used for the design of the energy efficiency.A workshop was taken as the case of analyzing energy efficiency rebuilding,it was expounded the simulation technology method of the energy efficiency,the lighting and the ventilation.The simulation concept of layer upon layer was brought forward,which provided some ideas about the simulation technology for the energy efficiency rebuilding of the industrial architecture.
2013, 43(1): 32-37.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301009
Abstract:
As super-long plate concrete structure,the large-scale heat-engine plant is suffered temperature effect seriously.For this reason,it has attracted the attention of the structural designers.It was introduced temperature reduction factor to consider structure relaxation creep and plastic development,cracks of component,structure layer stiffness,and was put forward the temperature value calculation method.Base on the structure probability limit state design method and load combination principle,it was analysed the probability model of temperature effect,the recommended value of combination coefficients of temperature effect for over-long concrete frame structures was proposed.Finally,it was set a heat-engine plant concrete structure for example to analyze the temperature effects of the main workshop structure.
As super-long plate concrete structure,the large-scale heat-engine plant is suffered temperature effect seriously.For this reason,it has attracted the attention of the structural designers.It was introduced temperature reduction factor to consider structure relaxation creep and plastic development,cracks of component,structure layer stiffness,and was put forward the temperature value calculation method.Base on the structure probability limit state design method and load combination principle,it was analysed the probability model of temperature effect,the recommended value of combination coefficients of temperature effect for over-long concrete frame structures was proposed.Finally,it was set a heat-engine plant concrete structure for example to analyze the temperature effects of the main workshop structure.
2013, 43(1): 38-43,48.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301010
Abstract:
Design value in codes and regulations at present stage is mainly based on test results of small size specimens,which is different from large-scale structure in practical engineering.It was collected test data of RC simple beams in different bearing stage,including deflection,bearing capacity,steel strain,concrete strain,and etc.The total number of specimens was 13.Test results indicated that size effect on flexural behavior was mainly reflected in yield stage of longitudinal reinforcement and failure stage of concrete.Size effect of concrete materials was reflected in mechanical properties of RC beams in yield stage.This kind of negative size effect was not significant.Safety of related bearing capacity theories was indirect verified in research scale.It was necessary to consider the composition of deformation which would be decided by much factors.According to different evaluation target,plastic rotation ability should be analyzed at ultimate bearing state or maximum loading state.
Design value in codes and regulations at present stage is mainly based on test results of small size specimens,which is different from large-scale structure in practical engineering.It was collected test data of RC simple beams in different bearing stage,including deflection,bearing capacity,steel strain,concrete strain,and etc.The total number of specimens was 13.Test results indicated that size effect on flexural behavior was mainly reflected in yield stage of longitudinal reinforcement and failure stage of concrete.Size effect of concrete materials was reflected in mechanical properties of RC beams in yield stage.This kind of negative size effect was not significant.Safety of related bearing capacity theories was indirect verified in research scale.It was necessary to consider the composition of deformation which would be decided by much factors.According to different evaluation target,plastic rotation ability should be analyzed at ultimate bearing state or maximum loading state.
2013, 43(1): 44-48.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301011
Abstract:
Studying the bearing capaicty characteristics of in-built concrete flexural members and establishing the capacity calculation method,can provide a reliable theoretical basis to the analysis of the bearing capacity of in-built reinforced concrete structure,and has important theoretical significance and value of engineering application for the security analysis and control of reinforced concrete construction and the process life cycle analysis of reinforced concrete structures.Two concrete ages of 14,180 d were selected,the bearing capacity of four reinforced concrete beams were tested,failure modes of specimens and deformation characteristics were observed,the difference of ultimate moment was compared,the change laws of some variables such as deflection,strain distribution across the concrete,free end slip of reinforcement were analyzed.Through numerical simulation,the main force characteristics of in-built reinforced concrete flexural members were analyzed.Combining with the limit equilibrium theory,the capacity calculation model of in-built RC flexural member was established,the bearing capacity time-varying law of reinforced concrete flexural strength during construction was analyzed.
Studying the bearing capaicty characteristics of in-built concrete flexural members and establishing the capacity calculation method,can provide a reliable theoretical basis to the analysis of the bearing capacity of in-built reinforced concrete structure,and has important theoretical significance and value of engineering application for the security analysis and control of reinforced concrete construction and the process life cycle analysis of reinforced concrete structures.Two concrete ages of 14,180 d were selected,the bearing capacity of four reinforced concrete beams were tested,failure modes of specimens and deformation characteristics were observed,the difference of ultimate moment was compared,the change laws of some variables such as deflection,strain distribution across the concrete,free end slip of reinforcement were analyzed.Through numerical simulation,the main force characteristics of in-built reinforced concrete flexural members were analyzed.Combining with the limit equilibrium theory,the capacity calculation model of in-built RC flexural member was established,the bearing capacity time-varying law of reinforced concrete flexural strength during construction was analyzed.
2013, 43(1): 49-54.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301012
Abstract:
In order to study the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete short square-columns strengthened with prestressed CFRP sheets under axial compression,3 groups of RC square-columns,total of 12,were designed according to reinforcement ratio,each group including 3 RC columns strengthened with prestressed CFRP sheets and 1 RC column.The experimental data such as ultimate compressive bearing capacity,displacement and stress increment of prestressed CFRP sheets were obtained from the static load test.Load deformation curve and failure mode of specimens were also achieved.The effect of stress level of prestressed CFRP sheets and reinforcement ratio on the mechanical properties of strengthened RC short square-columns was analyzed.The experimental results indicated that strengthening with prestressed CFRP sheets could limit concrete lateral deformation,confine concrete by hoop stress from strengthening moment,as well as improve the ultimate compression strain of concrete,thus remarkably enhancing column ultimate bearing capacity by more than 60%.What's more,the ductility of compression columns strengthened with prestressed CFRP sheets was influenced by reinforcement ratio.When reinforcement ratio of the strengthened column was lower,ductility was better,otherwise worse.
In order to study the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete short square-columns strengthened with prestressed CFRP sheets under axial compression,3 groups of RC square-columns,total of 12,were designed according to reinforcement ratio,each group including 3 RC columns strengthened with prestressed CFRP sheets and 1 RC column.The experimental data such as ultimate compressive bearing capacity,displacement and stress increment of prestressed CFRP sheets were obtained from the static load test.Load deformation curve and failure mode of specimens were also achieved.The effect of stress level of prestressed CFRP sheets and reinforcement ratio on the mechanical properties of strengthened RC short square-columns was analyzed.The experimental results indicated that strengthening with prestressed CFRP sheets could limit concrete lateral deformation,confine concrete by hoop stress from strengthening moment,as well as improve the ultimate compression strain of concrete,thus remarkably enhancing column ultimate bearing capacity by more than 60%.What's more,the ductility of compression columns strengthened with prestressed CFRP sheets was influenced by reinforcement ratio.When reinforcement ratio of the strengthened column was lower,ductility was better,otherwise worse.
2013, 43(1): 55-60.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301013
Abstract:
Based on defects of expansive soil modification methods,a physical improvement method with which weathered fine sand was mixed with expansive soil was proposed.Grain size distribution test,liquid limit and plastic limit test,activity index test and specific gravity test of different proportions of weathered sand modified expansive soil were done.Experiments results showed that with the increase in the proportion of sand,activity index fell sharply and liquid limit and plastic limit were changed significantly.Free swelling ratio test,loaded swelling ratio test,swelling ratio test and expansive force test of different proportions of weathered sand modified expansive soil were done.With the increase in the proportion of sand,expansive characteristics of expansive soil were significantly inhibited.At last,direct shear test,unconfined compressive strength test,CBR test and modulus of resilience test of different proportions of weathered sand modified expansive soil were done.The laws and influence of different proportions of weathered sand modified expansive soil were discussed.Test results indicated that sand could better improve expansive soil engineering characteristic indexes,effectively inhibit expansive characteristic of expansive soil,improve the mechanical strength of expansive soil.Each index of weathered sand modified expansive soil could meet roadbed filling requirements.
Based on defects of expansive soil modification methods,a physical improvement method with which weathered fine sand was mixed with expansive soil was proposed.Grain size distribution test,liquid limit and plastic limit test,activity index test and specific gravity test of different proportions of weathered sand modified expansive soil were done.Experiments results showed that with the increase in the proportion of sand,activity index fell sharply and liquid limit and plastic limit were changed significantly.Free swelling ratio test,loaded swelling ratio test,swelling ratio test and expansive force test of different proportions of weathered sand modified expansive soil were done.With the increase in the proportion of sand,expansive characteristics of expansive soil were significantly inhibited.At last,direct shear test,unconfined compressive strength test,CBR test and modulus of resilience test of different proportions of weathered sand modified expansive soil were done.The laws and influence of different proportions of weathered sand modified expansive soil were discussed.Test results indicated that sand could better improve expansive soil engineering characteristic indexes,effectively inhibit expansive characteristic of expansive soil,improve the mechanical strength of expansive soil.Each index of weathered sand modified expansive soil could meet roadbed filling requirements.
2013, 43(1): 61-66.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301014
Abstract:
Based on the plane strength theory,the unified equation of the Mohr-Coulomb,SMP,and Lade-Duncan was derived,and the new plastic interface equation taking auount of coefficient of lateral pressure also was derived by the unified formula.The difference of plastic interface of the three failure criteria was researched.Also the effects of internal friction angle,cohesion and over consolidation ratio on the plastic load and the critical load were researched.The results of plastic and critical load by using the M-C failure criterion were similar with the results by using SMP failure criterion which considered the impact of the K0 and intermediate principal stress only if the internal friction angle was small.The results showed plastic and critical load would increase by increasing the internal friction angle or cohesion.Similarly,The results of the plastic load by considering the over consolidation ratio or not were almost consistent,but the OCR had a great influence on the critical load.
Based on the plane strength theory,the unified equation of the Mohr-Coulomb,SMP,and Lade-Duncan was derived,and the new plastic interface equation taking auount of coefficient of lateral pressure also was derived by the unified formula.The difference of plastic interface of the three failure criteria was researched.Also the effects of internal friction angle,cohesion and over consolidation ratio on the plastic load and the critical load were researched.The results of plastic and critical load by using the M-C failure criterion were similar with the results by using SMP failure criterion which considered the impact of the K0 and intermediate principal stress only if the internal friction angle was small.The results showed plastic and critical load would increase by increasing the internal friction angle or cohesion.Similarly,The results of the plastic load by considering the over consolidation ratio or not were almost consistent,but the OCR had a great influence on the critical load.
2013, 43(1): 67-70.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301015
Abstract:
The screw pile is a new kind of casting concrete pile which is of screw pitch on pile body.According to theoretical analysis and testing research,if the screw pitch is short,when loaded,screw thread moves with soil around it,similar to multistage expanding pile.When the bearing capacity of screw pile reaches to the ultimate load,it will be broken through the cylndrical surface out of pile,and the bearing capacity is sum of shear resistance between soil and screw threads and end resistance.Several calculation methods of bearing capacity of screw pile were introduced and also the merits and demerits of the calculation methods were analyzed too.In order to supply simple and convenient calculating method,based on the traditional calculation method,a new calculation method of screw pile bearing capacity was proposed and the factor of equivalent shaft resistance on screw piles to shaft resistance of bored pile in dry operation was analyzed and calculated theoretically,the calculating factor was put forward for engineering design.
The screw pile is a new kind of casting concrete pile which is of screw pitch on pile body.According to theoretical analysis and testing research,if the screw pitch is short,when loaded,screw thread moves with soil around it,similar to multistage expanding pile.When the bearing capacity of screw pile reaches to the ultimate load,it will be broken through the cylndrical surface out of pile,and the bearing capacity is sum of shear resistance between soil and screw threads and end resistance.Several calculation methods of bearing capacity of screw pile were introduced and also the merits and demerits of the calculation methods were analyzed too.In order to supply simple and convenient calculating method,based on the traditional calculation method,a new calculation method of screw pile bearing capacity was proposed and the factor of equivalent shaft resistance on screw piles to shaft resistance of bored pile in dry operation was analyzed and calculated theoretically,the calculating factor was put forward for engineering design.
2013, 43(1): 71-74,98.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301016
Abstract:
In order to research the interface bonding property of concrete-filled steel tube(CFST) with the corrosion time,simulation test of CFST was done in corrosion environment,in which application of 3.5%NaCl solution to the inner surface of steel pipe.It was completed the push-out tests on 10 round CFST specimens with the corrosion time as basic parameters.The test results indicated that concrete-filled steel tube bond strength was increased in the initial stage of corrosion,with the corrosion time extension,the interface bonding strength appeared to decline and tended to be steady.Based on the test results,the load-slip curves of each specimen were obtained.It was analysed the corrosion influence on the CFST interface bonding property,and researched internal links of corrosion time with interface bonding strength through the carbon steel in NaCl corrosion mechanism.
In order to research the interface bonding property of concrete-filled steel tube(CFST) with the corrosion time,simulation test of CFST was done in corrosion environment,in which application of 3.5%NaCl solution to the inner surface of steel pipe.It was completed the push-out tests on 10 round CFST specimens with the corrosion time as basic parameters.The test results indicated that concrete-filled steel tube bond strength was increased in the initial stage of corrosion,with the corrosion time extension,the interface bonding strength appeared to decline and tended to be steady.Based on the test results,the load-slip curves of each specimen were obtained.It was analysed the corrosion influence on the CFST interface bonding property,and researched internal links of corrosion time with interface bonding strength through the carbon steel in NaCl corrosion mechanism.
2013, 43(1): 75-79.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301017
Abstract:
Prism concrete specimens,with a W/C of 0.55,were immersed in chloride solutions under and after axial compressive stress.Chloride ions contents were obtained from the stressed specimens after 180 d exposure.Results showed that chloride ions content kept nearly the same in specimens with different compressive stresses below 70% of strength for loading and loaded specimens.This value increased significantly when concrete was loaded to 95% stress and then unloaded.Chloride ions diffusion coefficient decreased firstly when the stress was below 70% of strength,and then gradually increased.Chloride ions diffusion coefficient in loaded concrete was slightly large than that in loading concrete with the same compressive stress below 70% of strength.The chloride content and diffusion coefficient were also larger for perpendicular direction than that along the loading direction.Polynomial equations were established according to the experiment results for durability design of actual structures.
Prism concrete specimens,with a W/C of 0.55,were immersed in chloride solutions under and after axial compressive stress.Chloride ions contents were obtained from the stressed specimens after 180 d exposure.Results showed that chloride ions content kept nearly the same in specimens with different compressive stresses below 70% of strength for loading and loaded specimens.This value increased significantly when concrete was loaded to 95% stress and then unloaded.Chloride ions diffusion coefficient decreased firstly when the stress was below 70% of strength,and then gradually increased.Chloride ions diffusion coefficient in loaded concrete was slightly large than that in loading concrete with the same compressive stress below 70% of strength.The chloride content and diffusion coefficient were also larger for perpendicular direction than that along the loading direction.Polynomial equations were established according to the experiment results for durability design of actual structures.
2013, 43(1): 80-84.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301018
Abstract:
During fly ash concrete hardening process,the slow hydration of fly ash leads to low early strength of concrete,but can significantly improve the late strength of concrete(28d later),and also improve the heat resistance of concrete.In this paper,three kinds of curing ages including 28,56,90 d of the fly ash concrete specimens were used for the study,which naturally cooled after high temperature,it was analyzed the effect of curing age on the residual compressive strength,the residual splitting tensile strength,ultrasonic sound velocity and rebound value.
During fly ash concrete hardening process,the slow hydration of fly ash leads to low early strength of concrete,but can significantly improve the late strength of concrete(28d later),and also improve the heat resistance of concrete.In this paper,three kinds of curing ages including 28,56,90 d of the fly ash concrete specimens were used for the study,which naturally cooled after high temperature,it was analyzed the effect of curing age on the residual compressive strength,the residual splitting tensile strength,ultrasonic sound velocity and rebound value.
2013, 43(1): 85-89,79.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301019
Abstract:
Template system is a model in which poured concrete is shaped and plays an important role.At present,the construction technique of the existing oval structure in pouring concrete is formwork worked with scaffolding.The formwork can not bear the loop force,which is difficult to construct and brings in security hidden trouble.Based on the design deficiency of the existing formwork system of axis rotating structures and combined with the architectural features of oval structure,the existing large steel template was improved and combined with FE analysis,the hyperbolic ring shaped large steel formwork was designed,which could bear a certain force.Taking the actual project tested in field for example,it was found out the distribution and variation rule of the internal force under construction action in large steel formwork.The results showed that the template design was reasonable.
Template system is a model in which poured concrete is shaped and plays an important role.At present,the construction technique of the existing oval structure in pouring concrete is formwork worked with scaffolding.The formwork can not bear the loop force,which is difficult to construct and brings in security hidden trouble.Based on the design deficiency of the existing formwork system of axis rotating structures and combined with the architectural features of oval structure,the existing large steel template was improved and combined with FE analysis,the hyperbolic ring shaped large steel formwork was designed,which could bear a certain force.Taking the actual project tested in field for example,it was found out the distribution and variation rule of the internal force under construction action in large steel formwork.The results showed that the template design was reasonable.
2013, 43(1): 90-93.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301020
Abstract:
For the aerodynamic effect,rapid transit railway tunnel usually has two-lane section with a single hole.Especially,the technique difficulty and security risks of a shallow buried tunnel excavation is very obvious;therefore,it is very important to choose a reasonable driving method for constructing the shallow buried tunnel.At present,construction study on bench method with large arch springing isn't very much.Based on a rapid transit railway shallow buried tunnel,by using the method of numerical simulation and site test,the application on bench method with large arch springing of rapid transit railway shallow buried tunnel was studied.The shallow buried tunnel construction was finished successfully,by the bench method with large arch springing and the measured data were basically consistent with numerical simulation results,which showed that the proposed construction schemes based on theoretical analysis and numerical simulation was scientific and reasonable.
For the aerodynamic effect,rapid transit railway tunnel usually has two-lane section with a single hole.Especially,the technique difficulty and security risks of a shallow buried tunnel excavation is very obvious;therefore,it is very important to choose a reasonable driving method for constructing the shallow buried tunnel.At present,construction study on bench method with large arch springing isn't very much.Based on a rapid transit railway shallow buried tunnel,by using the method of numerical simulation and site test,the application on bench method with large arch springing of rapid transit railway shallow buried tunnel was studied.The shallow buried tunnel construction was finished successfully,by the bench method with large arch springing and the measured data were basically consistent with numerical simulation results,which showed that the proposed construction schemes based on theoretical analysis and numerical simulation was scientific and reasonable.
2013, 43(1): 94-98.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301021
Abstract:
As the slipping device in integral migration of a building,the friction-sliding isolation bearings together with the rubber isolation bearings which is used after the structure taking its place compose the parallel composite isolation system.By applying this method,it will save effort,have a lower vibration to the structure,increase the working efficiency,reduce the construction difficulty,and improve the seismic capacity by changing dynamic characteristics.In this paper,the construction technology of the method was researched in a integral migration project of cultural relics,which provided a reference for project design and application.It was proved that the technique of parallel composite isolation analysed by the general finite element software could reduce structural seismic response significantly.
As the slipping device in integral migration of a building,the friction-sliding isolation bearings together with the rubber isolation bearings which is used after the structure taking its place compose the parallel composite isolation system.By applying this method,it will save effort,have a lower vibration to the structure,increase the working efficiency,reduce the construction difficulty,and improve the seismic capacity by changing dynamic characteristics.In this paper,the construction technology of the method was researched in a integral migration project of cultural relics,which provided a reference for project design and application.It was proved that the technique of parallel composite isolation analysed by the general finite element software could reduce structural seismic response significantly.
2013, 43(1): 99-103,111.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301022
Abstract:
The experimental investigation on post-fire mechanical behavior of ten of four sets of unprotected short columns of ceramsite concrete filled steel tubes(CCFST) was conducted,variation of remaining bearing capacity and failure form of the short columns of CCFST after exposure to fire was discussed for different parameters.Based on the test results,effect of the factors,such as the maximum value of fire temperatures,dimension of cross section of the specimen,slender ratio and concrete mix proportion on the remaining bearing capacities and ductility of CCFST short columns were especially investigated.The results showed that the CCFST short columns after exposure to fire had higher post-fire bearing capacity and better ductility,and there was no descent segment in load-displacement curves of the most of specimens.It was concluded that effect law of the maximum values of response temperature on bearing capacities of CCFST short columns after exposure to fire were related to some key parameters of the specimens,which were mix proportion,slender ratio and dimension of cross section of the specimens.It was shown that the post-fire bearing capacities of the CCFST short columns decreased with increase of water cement ratios of the concrete of the specimens subjected to fire load.
The experimental investigation on post-fire mechanical behavior of ten of four sets of unprotected short columns of ceramsite concrete filled steel tubes(CCFST) was conducted,variation of remaining bearing capacity and failure form of the short columns of CCFST after exposure to fire was discussed for different parameters.Based on the test results,effect of the factors,such as the maximum value of fire temperatures,dimension of cross section of the specimen,slender ratio and concrete mix proportion on the remaining bearing capacities and ductility of CCFST short columns were especially investigated.The results showed that the CCFST short columns after exposure to fire had higher post-fire bearing capacity and better ductility,and there was no descent segment in load-displacement curves of the most of specimens.It was concluded that effect law of the maximum values of response temperature on bearing capacities of CCFST short columns after exposure to fire were related to some key parameters of the specimens,which were mix proportion,slender ratio and dimension of cross section of the specimens.It was shown that the post-fire bearing capacities of the CCFST short columns decreased with increase of water cement ratios of the concrete of the specimens subjected to fire load.
2013, 43(1): 104-107.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301023
Abstract:
To study the elastic-buckling behaviors of steel plate wall with longitudinally stiffened only,the present design formulas and regulations for the design of stiffeners in steel shear walls were compared.And elastic-buckling behaviors of steel plate wall with longitudinally stiffened only were analyzed in detail with 3 D finite element methods(FEM).The effects of stiffener stiffness,stiffener number and aspect ratio of steel plate were analyzed.The research results showed that the longitudinal stiffener could increase the critical stress of steel plate wall efficiency,and the elastic shear buckling coefficient of stiffened steel plate wall was affected largely by the aspect ratio of steel plate,stiffener number and the bending stiffness of stiffener.The determination criterion of threshold stiffness and formula for stiffener were proposed.The torsional stiffness of stiffener was considered in the criterion.At last,the formula of elastic buckling coefficient for steel plate wall with longitudinally stiffened only was derived.Comparison with the numerical results showed that the accuracy of the formula was good and was superior than that of formulas in literature.
To study the elastic-buckling behaviors of steel plate wall with longitudinally stiffened only,the present design formulas and regulations for the design of stiffeners in steel shear walls were compared.And elastic-buckling behaviors of steel plate wall with longitudinally stiffened only were analyzed in detail with 3 D finite element methods(FEM).The effects of stiffener stiffness,stiffener number and aspect ratio of steel plate were analyzed.The research results showed that the longitudinal stiffener could increase the critical stress of steel plate wall efficiency,and the elastic shear buckling coefficient of stiffened steel plate wall was affected largely by the aspect ratio of steel plate,stiffener number and the bending stiffness of stiffener.The determination criterion of threshold stiffness and formula for stiffener were proposed.The torsional stiffness of stiffener was considered in the criterion.At last,the formula of elastic buckling coefficient for steel plate wall with longitudinally stiffened only was derived.Comparison with the numerical results showed that the accuracy of the formula was good and was superior than that of formulas in literature.
2013, 43(1): 108-111.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301024
Abstract:
Bond-slip behavior between steel with short bar welding on the flange and lightweight aggregate concrete was explored by push-out test.Distances between short bars were 100 mm or 200 mm,which were vertically or horizontally welded on the flange.Contrast specimen without shear connector was also included in the test.Push-out failure occurred on all specimens.Load and slip relationship model was established based on the measured data of load and loading end slip.Characteristic bond strength and characteristic slippage values were analyzed.Research results showed that space between shear connectors should not be too close and shear connector should be vertically welded on the flange;bond strength of specimens with shear connector was not improved but the ability of sliding resistance was increased;shear force should be transferred entirely either by natural bond or by mechanical methods and the both should not be superposed in design.
Bond-slip behavior between steel with short bar welding on the flange and lightweight aggregate concrete was explored by push-out test.Distances between short bars were 100 mm or 200 mm,which were vertically or horizontally welded on the flange.Contrast specimen without shear connector was also included in the test.Push-out failure occurred on all specimens.Load and slip relationship model was established based on the measured data of load and loading end slip.Characteristic bond strength and characteristic slippage values were analyzed.Research results showed that space between shear connectors should not be too close and shear connector should be vertically welded on the flange;bond strength of specimens with shear connector was not improved but the ability of sliding resistance was increased;shear force should be transferred entirely either by natural bond or by mechanical methods and the both should not be superposed in design.
2013, 43(1): 112-117,135.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301025
Abstract:
Based on the finite element analysis software ANSYS/LS-DYNA,it was established some finite element models of multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns at different cross-section form,and was analyzed the dynamic performances of them under three typical blast action by the post-processing software LS-PREPOST.The results showed that multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns had a good performance in anti-explosion.The simulation results could provide some references for anti-explosion design and the reinforcement of multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns and the selection of the structure form.
Based on the finite element analysis software ANSYS/LS-DYNA,it was established some finite element models of multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns at different cross-section form,and was analyzed the dynamic performances of them under three typical blast action by the post-processing software LS-PREPOST.The results showed that multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns had a good performance in anti-explosion.The simulation results could provide some references for anti-explosion design and the reinforcement of multibarrel tube-confined concrete columns and the selection of the structure form.
2013, 43(1): 118-120,130.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301026
Abstract:
Form-finding analysis of actual cable-membrane projects,does not only aim to find stable shapes,but also to find suitable cable pretension distribution.Based on the nonlinear finite element method pattern theory,it was proposed a method considering cable force-finding from the appropriate moment in the process of form-finding analysis.According to whether and when to consider force-finding of cables in the process of form-finding,three form-finding cases were considered.From analytic results,only the method considering cable force-finding from the appropriate moment could get a stable shape and a proper cable pretension distribution.Using the new method,the roof of a large cable-membrane stadium named Foshan Century Lotus was analyzed.It was found that the method could be used for the analysis of shape-finding and force-finding of large cable-membrane structures rapidly and effectively.
Form-finding analysis of actual cable-membrane projects,does not only aim to find stable shapes,but also to find suitable cable pretension distribution.Based on the nonlinear finite element method pattern theory,it was proposed a method considering cable force-finding from the appropriate moment in the process of form-finding analysis.According to whether and when to consider force-finding of cables in the process of form-finding,three form-finding cases were considered.From analytic results,only the method considering cable force-finding from the appropriate moment could get a stable shape and a proper cable pretension distribution.Using the new method,the roof of a large cable-membrane stadium named Foshan Century Lotus was analyzed.It was found that the method could be used for the analysis of shape-finding and force-finding of large cable-membrane structures rapidly and effectively.
2013, 43(1): 121-124,143.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301027
Abstract:
By the loading test of RC beams,the theoretical values of the maximum crack widths and deflections were validated and compared based on the present and old editions of Code for Design of Concrete Structures(GB 500102010 and GB 500102002).The results showed that in the normal limited state,the value of maximum crack width according to the new code was 11%～22% smaller than to the old one,and the short-term deflection smaller about 7.5%～10.5%;under the same load level,the long-term deflection based on the new code was about 2.8% less than on the old one until the normal limited state.
By the loading test of RC beams,the theoretical values of the maximum crack widths and deflections were validated and compared based on the present and old editions of Code for Design of Concrete Structures(GB 500102010 and GB 500102002).The results showed that in the normal limited state,the value of maximum crack width according to the new code was 11%～22% smaller than to the old one,and the short-term deflection smaller about 7.5%～10.5%;under the same load level,the long-term deflection based on the new code was about 2.8% less than on the old one until the normal limited state.
2013, 43(1): 125-130.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301028
Abstract:
Generally modal displacement indices are not very efficient to identify structural damage or diagnosis for frame structures.In order to improve efficiency and reliability for damage diagnosis,change rate of elemental modal strain energy was presented as dynamic indicator for damage locations of frame structures.The numerical simulation example of a frame structure indicated that the damage location and severity in structures,with single damage,lighter ones and multiple ones,could be detected efficiently by change rate of elemental modal strain energy with only the first order mode.The results indicated that the proposed method based on modal strain energy could accurately identify the damage location of truss structures with the noisy modal data.Furthermore,damage degree could be derived from the amplitude value of change rate of modal strain energy for the detected damage element.
Generally modal displacement indices are not very efficient to identify structural damage or diagnosis for frame structures.In order to improve efficiency and reliability for damage diagnosis,change rate of elemental modal strain energy was presented as dynamic indicator for damage locations of frame structures.The numerical simulation example of a frame structure indicated that the damage location and severity in structures,with single damage,lighter ones and multiple ones,could be detected efficiently by change rate of elemental modal strain energy with only the first order mode.The results indicated that the proposed method based on modal strain energy could accurately identify the damage location of truss structures with the noisy modal data.Furthermore,damage degree could be derived from the amplitude value of change rate of modal strain energy for the detected damage element.
2013, 43(1): 131-135.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301029
Abstract:
Materials,members and structures of the belt conveyor corridor in certain coal mine was greatly degraded and deteriorated at the severe coal mine industrial environment.Based on the reliability assessment report and the study on damage mechanisms of the main structure of the belt conveyor corridor,combined with the functional requirement,firstly the part which had degraded and deteriorated was repaired,and reinforced concrete frame structure was strengthened by increasing the section area and CFPR,and prestressed reinforced concrete truss and steel channel beam of the corridor body were strengthened by GFRP,CFRP and adding steel plates,finally every part was maintained at surface.In addition,the key points of construction technology were summarized.
Materials,members and structures of the belt conveyor corridor in certain coal mine was greatly degraded and deteriorated at the severe coal mine industrial environment.Based on the reliability assessment report and the study on damage mechanisms of the main structure of the belt conveyor corridor,combined with the functional requirement,firstly the part which had degraded and deteriorated was repaired,and reinforced concrete frame structure was strengthened by increasing the section area and CFPR,and prestressed reinforced concrete truss and steel channel beam of the corridor body were strengthened by GFRP,CFRP and adding steel plates,finally every part was maintained at surface.In addition,the key points of construction technology were summarized.
2013, 43(1): 136-138.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301030
Abstract:
This paper analyzed the reason which leads to the caving in for a deep buried tunnel in soft sand layer.The most important reason was the sandy soil lens which disturbed by the blasting operation.According to the situation,treatment measures were taken.First,the cave forme by collapse was filled by shot creting;then,the surrounding rock of caving-in area was reinforced by advanced small pipe grouting;thereafter,concentrated steel rigid frame was constructed along the tunnel to support the sourrounding rock.Convergence monitoring was conducted during the treatment.The results showed this scheme was feasible.
This paper analyzed the reason which leads to the caving in for a deep buried tunnel in soft sand layer.The most important reason was the sandy soil lens which disturbed by the blasting operation.According to the situation,treatment measures were taken.First,the cave forme by collapse was filled by shot creting;then,the surrounding rock of caving-in area was reinforced by advanced small pipe grouting;thereafter,concentrated steel rigid frame was constructed along the tunnel to support the sourrounding rock.Convergence monitoring was conducted during the treatment.The results showed this scheme was feasible.
2013, 43(1): 139-143.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301031
Abstract:
The building A of Minda Plaza was adopted the SRC frame and shear wall structural system.Due to the functional need,the beams were deleted from the spindle-shape outmost frames,where the columns were arranged in an inclined orientation with the principal floor axes.The transfer story was of particular challenge,thus a new type of composite beam with encased built-up double steel sections was designed.The satisfactory performance of the new structural system was validated through quasi-static loading tests and shake-table test.The structure was exhibited to follow the failure mechanism of strong columns,weak beams,stronger transfer beams,and the strongest connection.The steel reinforced concrete transfer beams with double-steel sections had satisfactory bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity,suitable to meet the requirements of functional limitation.
The building A of Minda Plaza was adopted the SRC frame and shear wall structural system.Due to the functional need,the beams were deleted from the spindle-shape outmost frames,where the columns were arranged in an inclined orientation with the principal floor axes.The transfer story was of particular challenge,thus a new type of composite beam with encased built-up double steel sections was designed.The satisfactory performance of the new structural system was validated through quasi-static loading tests and shake-table test.The structure was exhibited to follow the failure mechanism of strong columns,weak beams,stronger transfer beams,and the strongest connection.The steel reinforced concrete transfer beams with double-steel sections had satisfactory bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity,suitable to meet the requirements of functional limitation.
2013, 43(1): 144-149,70.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301032
Abstract:
Since the diaphragm wall technique was brought to Japan in the 1960s,the diaphragm wall has been well developed and a series of breakthroughs have been made in materials,joints,machine and applications.By collecting and summarizing a great deal of Japanese references about diaphragm walls,this paper aimed to introduce the developing trend of the diaphragm wall technique in Japan.The main subjects introduced in this paper were:1) the variety in structure properties of diaphragm walls,and a new type of foundation for the composite foundation of diaphragm wall and pile;2) the applications of diaphragm walls in bridge foundations;3) the principle and the relevant research of diaphragm walls as a remedial measure against liquefaction induced by earthquake;and 4) a new type of construction method recently developed in Japan,named the NS-BOX diaphragm wall method.
Since the diaphragm wall technique was brought to Japan in the 1960s,the diaphragm wall has been well developed and a series of breakthroughs have been made in materials,joints,machine and applications.By collecting and summarizing a great deal of Japanese references about diaphragm walls,this paper aimed to introduce the developing trend of the diaphragm wall technique in Japan.The main subjects introduced in this paper were:1) the variety in structure properties of diaphragm walls,and a new type of foundation for the composite foundation of diaphragm wall and pile;2) the applications of diaphragm walls in bridge foundations;3) the principle and the relevant research of diaphragm walls as a remedial measure against liquefaction induced by earthquake;and 4) a new type of construction method recently developed in Japan,named the NS-BOX diaphragm wall method.
2013, 43(1): 150-152,159.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301033
Abstract:
It was reviewed the significance of Ilan Houses,and also expounded the connotation of the concept of integration symbiosis.It was analyzed two symbiotic modes of Ilan Houses,i.e the natural objects integrative symbiosis and endemic integrative symbiosis,and it was further explored integrative symbiotic characteristics of Taiwan's geographical space,which could be refered to construction of the main land of China.
It was reviewed the significance of Ilan Houses,and also expounded the connotation of the concept of integration symbiosis.It was analyzed two symbiotic modes of Ilan Houses,i.e the natural objects integrative symbiosis and endemic integrative symbiosis,and it was further explored integrative symbiotic characteristics of Taiwan's geographical space,which could be refered to construction of the main land of China.
2013, 43(1): 153-155.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301034
Abstract:
It was carried out an elementary research on defense of Manor house of Shandong traditional dwellings in this paper,in order to gain the experience of our previous generations on how to select efficient methods to defense their wealth suit to local circumstances.Results achieved would provide a reference for design of contemporary architectures.
It was carried out an elementary research on defense of Manor house of Shandong traditional dwellings in this paper,in order to gain the experience of our previous generations on how to select efficient methods to defense their wealth suit to local circumstances.Results achieved would provide a reference for design of contemporary architectures.
2013, 43(1): 156-159.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201301035
Abstract:
The site environment resources can be fully exploited and integrated,so as to get an urban complex with various functions by developing simultaneously the residence and touristry,as well as laying equal stress on entertainment and busimess in a small harbor.Finally,the harbor sentiment and recreation space with humanistic features can be constructed by establishing modern architectural culture,basing on regional and clinate characteristics in the small harbor,absorbing the essence of the Chinese and western architectural culture,and combining with the characteristics of Qingdao and using coastal landscape resources,with which a brilliant creative architectural culture can be formed.
The site environment resources can be fully exploited and integrated,so as to get an urban complex with various functions by developing simultaneously the residence and touristry,as well as laying equal stress on entertainment and busimess in a small harbor.Finally,the harbor sentiment and recreation space with humanistic features can be constructed by establishing modern architectural culture,basing on regional and clinate characteristics in the small harbor,absorbing the essence of the Chinese and western architectural culture,and combining with the characteristics of Qingdao and using coastal landscape resources,with which a brilliant creative architectural culture can be formed.
