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2025, Volume 55, Issue 12
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2025,
55(12):
1-8.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25031004
Abstract:
Recurrent emergence of public health emergencies has unveiled systemic deficiencies in urban safety risk management within aging residential neighbourhoods of megacities. Anchored in the theoretical triad of “risk source， risk exposure， and mitigation capacity” for urban safety resilience， this study employed Beijing megacity as a representative case to systematically delineate risk frameworks and resilience-enhancing transformation pathways for such neighbourhoods under sudden public health crises. Initially， the analysis initiated by dissecting the cascading risk propagation mechanisms of public health emergencies and characteristics of public health emergencies through the lens of “risk source”. Subsequently， it diagnosed multidimensional vulnerabilities embedded in population groups， social dimensions， economic aspects， resource， and environmental elements of these neighbourhoods， framed as “risk exposure”. Ultimately， it formulated targeted strategies and pathways for resilience transformation within the “mitigation capacity” framework， thereby crystallizing an integrated urban safety governance cycle （risk source containment → risk exposure optimization → mitigation capacity intervention）. This aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for grassroots safety capacity building and urban renewal in megacities.
Recurrent emergence of public health emergencies has unveiled systemic deficiencies in urban safety risk management within aging residential neighbourhoods of megacities. Anchored in the theoretical triad of “risk source， risk exposure， and mitigation capacity” for urban safety resilience， this study employed Beijing megacity as a representative case to systematically delineate risk frameworks and resilience-enhancing transformation pathways for such neighbourhoods under sudden public health crises. Initially， the analysis initiated by dissecting the cascading risk propagation mechanisms of public health emergencies and characteristics of public health emergencies through the lens of “risk source”. Subsequently， it diagnosed multidimensional vulnerabilities embedded in population groups， social dimensions， economic aspects， resource， and environmental elements of these neighbourhoods， framed as “risk exposure”. Ultimately， it formulated targeted strategies and pathways for resilience transformation within the “mitigation capacity” framework， thereby crystallizing an integrated urban safety governance cycle （risk source containment → risk exposure optimization → mitigation capacity intervention）. This aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for grassroots safety capacity building and urban renewal in megacities.
2025,
55(12):
9-16.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25071806
Abstract:
The topology of the lifeline system under low-probability and high-impact events changes dynamically， resulting in network fragmentation and the formation of isolated sub-networks. In view of the fact that the traditional Warshall algorithm does not consider the influence of isolated sub-networks on the computational efficiency of connectivity paths， this study proposed an improved Warshall algorithm， conducted a time complexity analysis， and applied the algorithm to the seismic reliability assessment of power systems. Taking the power system of Xi’an City， Shaanxi Province as an example， the computational results and efficiency of the Warshall algorithm before and after the improvement were compared， and the convergence curve of node connectivity probability was analyzed. The results showed that more than 5000 Monte Carlo simulations under the same seismic action and network topology ensured the statistical convergence of the analytical results. Under different sampling times， the node connectivity probabilities calculated by the two methods were highly consistent， and the computational efficiency of the improved Warshall algorithm showed a significant advantage， which verified the effectiveness of the improvement.
The topology of the lifeline system under low-probability and high-impact events changes dynamically， resulting in network fragmentation and the formation of isolated sub-networks. In view of the fact that the traditional Warshall algorithm does not consider the influence of isolated sub-networks on the computational efficiency of connectivity paths， this study proposed an improved Warshall algorithm， conducted a time complexity analysis， and applied the algorithm to the seismic reliability assessment of power systems. Taking the power system of Xi’an City， Shaanxi Province as an example， the computational results and efficiency of the Warshall algorithm before and after the improvement were compared， and the convergence curve of node connectivity probability was analyzed. The results showed that more than 5000 Monte Carlo simulations under the same seismic action and network topology ensured the statistical convergence of the analytical results. Under different sampling times， the node connectivity probabilities calculated by the two methods were highly consistent， and the computational efficiency of the improved Warshall algorithm showed a significant advantage， which verified the effectiveness of the improvement.
2025,
55(12):
17-26.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG23121009
Abstract:
Due to significant changes in the global climate， natural hazards such as tropical storms， extreme rainfall and flooding， extreme temperatures， and earthquakes are becoming more frequent and intense. The advancement of urbanization and the emergence of large-scale cities have led to significant changes in the disaster risks and disaster-causing patterns of various types of natural hazards， such as the changes in the vulnerability of carriers， and technical challenges to mitigation. The paper analyzed the types of extreme natural disaster risks and disasters faced by typical mega cities in China. It explored the impact mechanisms of city size and population growth on the extreme risks of typical cities. Finally， it analyzed the characteristics of cities in different typical regions of China and the disaster-causing patterns of various types of natural disaster risks. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact mechanisms of city size and population growth on the extreme natural disaster risks in typical cities， so as to provide guidance for sustainable city development and to enhance cities' adaptive capacity and resilience to disasters.
Due to significant changes in the global climate， natural hazards such as tropical storms， extreme rainfall and flooding， extreme temperatures， and earthquakes are becoming more frequent and intense. The advancement of urbanization and the emergence of large-scale cities have led to significant changes in the disaster risks and disaster-causing patterns of various types of natural hazards， such as the changes in the vulnerability of carriers， and technical challenges to mitigation. The paper analyzed the types of extreme natural disaster risks and disasters faced by typical mega cities in China. It explored the impact mechanisms of city size and population growth on the extreme risks of typical cities. Finally， it analyzed the characteristics of cities in different typical regions of China and the disaster-causing patterns of various types of natural disaster risks. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact mechanisms of city size and population growth on the extreme natural disaster risks in typical cities， so as to provide guidance for sustainable city development and to enhance cities' adaptive capacity and resilience to disasters.
2025,
55(12):
27-37.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25042702
Abstract:
This study comprehensively considers the functional and geographical interdependencies among hazard-bearing bodies and employs a scenario simulation approach to establish a cascading failure model applicable to urban engineering systems. A case study is conducted in the research area to reveal the propagation of post-earthquake secondary disasters and the evolutionary process of cascading failures. The results demonstrate that the various infrastructure networks within urban engineering systems exhibit a high degree of interdependence， significantly amplifying the spatial extent of disaster consequences. In the post-earthquake evolutionary scenarios， even with initially minor damage levels， the severity of infrastructure deterioration can markedly worsen over time under conditions of strong interdependency. During the propagation and diffusion phase of secondary disasters， different hazard-bearing bodies display varying levels of vulnerability. For instance， facilities such as schools and gas stations are more susceptible to disaster impacts， which necessitates the formulation of preemptive defense and response plans for these entities. Key nodes in networks exhibit significant temporal evolution characteristics. Based on the temporal analysis results， network nodes can be categorized into three types： early-dominant， mid-term explosive， and late-sensitive. Targeted measures can then be implemented to block disaster propagation accordingly.
This study comprehensively considers the functional and geographical interdependencies among hazard-bearing bodies and employs a scenario simulation approach to establish a cascading failure model applicable to urban engineering systems. A case study is conducted in the research area to reveal the propagation of post-earthquake secondary disasters and the evolutionary process of cascading failures. The results demonstrate that the various infrastructure networks within urban engineering systems exhibit a high degree of interdependence， significantly amplifying the spatial extent of disaster consequences. In the post-earthquake evolutionary scenarios， even with initially minor damage levels， the severity of infrastructure deterioration can markedly worsen over time under conditions of strong interdependency. During the propagation and diffusion phase of secondary disasters， different hazard-bearing bodies display varying levels of vulnerability. For instance， facilities such as schools and gas stations are more susceptible to disaster impacts， which necessitates the formulation of preemptive defense and response plans for these entities. Key nodes in networks exhibit significant temporal evolution characteristics. Based on the temporal analysis results， network nodes can be categorized into three types： early-dominant， mid-term explosive， and late-sensitive. Targeted measures can then be implemented to block disaster propagation accordingly.
2025,
55(12):
38-46.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25052604
Abstract:
This study analyzes critical issues in the disaster prevention design of urban three-dimensional space： 1） the lack of practical spatial planning for disaster prevention guided by safety assessment techniques； 2） the inability of current design strategies to address issues posed by different spaces within special urban areas； 3） the absence of a comprehensive qualitative-quantitative approach for the “normal-to-emergency” transition design of municipal facilities. In response， typical disaster scenarios for urban three-dimensional space are proposed. By examining relevant domestic and international cases， a disaster prevention design framework is established， encompassing three aspects： determination of planning layout， disaster prevention spaces， and disaster prevention facilities. Based on the scenario of flood backflow in underground spaces， a full-cycle design strategy of “Avoid-Withstand-Absorb” is proposed. For fire， explosion， and earthquake scenarios in multi-level street networks， a strategy for rationalizing three-dimensional evacuation systems is presented. For emergency evacuation in ultra-high spaces， the introduction of upper-level buffer zones is suggested to enhance evacuation efficiency.
This study analyzes critical issues in the disaster prevention design of urban three-dimensional space： 1） the lack of practical spatial planning for disaster prevention guided by safety assessment techniques； 2） the inability of current design strategies to address issues posed by different spaces within special urban areas； 3） the absence of a comprehensive qualitative-quantitative approach for the “normal-to-emergency” transition design of municipal facilities. In response， typical disaster scenarios for urban three-dimensional space are proposed. By examining relevant domestic and international cases， a disaster prevention design framework is established， encompassing three aspects： determination of planning layout， disaster prevention spaces， and disaster prevention facilities. Based on the scenario of flood backflow in underground spaces， a full-cycle design strategy of “Avoid-Withstand-Absorb” is proposed. For fire， explosion， and earthquake scenarios in multi-level street networks， a strategy for rationalizing three-dimensional evacuation systems is presented. For emergency evacuation in ultra-high spaces， the introduction of upper-level buffer zones is suggested to enhance evacuation efficiency.
2025,
55(12):
47-52.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG24082101
Abstract:
Cultural heritage buildings face many risk factors. How to conduct scientific and reasonable safety risk assessment of cultural heritage buildings is one of the most popular research contents in the cultural heritage industry. The risk assessment is divided into three stages： risk identification， risk analysis and risk assessment. In the risk identification stage， the risks faced by cultural heritage buildings are divided into five categories， covering most of the risk factors. In the stage of risk analysis， risk analysis is carried out for each category according to the total damage situation， management situation， protective measures， external living conditions， damage probability and other factors， and the risk level and score of the classification are determined. In the risk assessment stage， the comprehensive assessment score is calculated according to the classified risk analysis and the classified weight value， and the overall risk level， risk status and repair suggestions are determined. The three-stage assessment method was used to assess the safety risk of some cultural heritage buildings. The assessment results were in good agreement with the actual survey situation， which could reflect the current safety risk level of cultural heritage buildings.
Cultural heritage buildings face many risk factors. How to conduct scientific and reasonable safety risk assessment of cultural heritage buildings is one of the most popular research contents in the cultural heritage industry. The risk assessment is divided into three stages： risk identification， risk analysis and risk assessment. In the risk identification stage， the risks faced by cultural heritage buildings are divided into five categories， covering most of the risk factors. In the stage of risk analysis， risk analysis is carried out for each category according to the total damage situation， management situation， protective measures， external living conditions， damage probability and other factors， and the risk level and score of the classification are determined. In the risk assessment stage， the comprehensive assessment score is calculated according to the classified risk analysis and the classified weight value， and the overall risk level， risk status and repair suggestions are determined. The three-stage assessment method was used to assess the safety risk of some cultural heritage buildings. The assessment results were in good agreement with the actual survey situation， which could reflect the current safety risk level of cultural heritage buildings.
2025,
55(12):
53-59.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25071503
Abstract:
In response to the extensive scale of existing buildings in China， increasing safety hazards， and the high costs and inefficiencies of traditional building inspection and monitoring methods， this study proposes a comprehensive building safety management model. This model leverages satellite remote sensing， the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System （BDS）， intelligent robots， unmanned aerial vehicles （UAVs）， and artificial intelligence （AI） to enable large-scale screening and targeted monitoring of building safety. Key components include： high-resolution optical satellite remote sensing for identifying building modifications and extensions； radar satellite InSAR technology for detecting structural deformation and potential safety risks； high-precision BDS for dynamic monitoring of high-risk buildings； robots and UAVs equipped with multi-functional sensors for automated inspection of high-rise， super-tall， and large-scale public buildings； and AI-enhanced analytics to improve anomaly detection in monitoring data. By establishing a national building safety management platform， this approach enables large-scale screening， targeted monitoring， and digital management of building safety. It supports a multi-tiered risk control mechanism， shifting risk management from post-incident response to preventive measures， thereby advancing the intelligence and efficiency of building safety management.
In response to the extensive scale of existing buildings in China， increasing safety hazards， and the high costs and inefficiencies of traditional building inspection and monitoring methods， this study proposes a comprehensive building safety management model. This model leverages satellite remote sensing， the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System （BDS）， intelligent robots， unmanned aerial vehicles （UAVs）， and artificial intelligence （AI） to enable large-scale screening and targeted monitoring of building safety. Key components include： high-resolution optical satellite remote sensing for identifying building modifications and extensions； radar satellite InSAR technology for detecting structural deformation and potential safety risks； high-precision BDS for dynamic monitoring of high-risk buildings； robots and UAVs equipped with multi-functional sensors for automated inspection of high-rise， super-tall， and large-scale public buildings； and AI-enhanced analytics to improve anomaly detection in monitoring data. By establishing a national building safety management platform， this approach enables large-scale screening， targeted monitoring， and digital management of building safety. It supports a multi-tiered risk control mechanism， shifting risk management from post-incident response to preventive measures， thereby advancing the intelligence and efficiency of building safety management.
2025,
55(12):
60-70.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG24022314
Abstract:
In recent years， the casualty accidents caused by the facade shedding become obvisouly more frequent， making the building operation and maintenance safety issues obtain wide attention. Therefore， ensuring the safety and reliability of building facades as well as prolonging their service life have become one of the most primary tasks during the operation and maintenance phase of existing buildings. In order to investigate the main factors of the building facade shedding and clarify the relations between each other， 1030 cases of external wall shedding across the country since 2000 were collected， and nine essential factors were sorted out including material types， duration of use， seasons， geographical regions， loss types， shedding areas， shedding heights， wind forces and temperatures. The frequency analysis method was employed to reveal interaction patterns among these factors， while independence tests and Pearson analysis were conducted to explore the degree of mutual correlation. It was found that average service life of external insulation layers， tiles， coatings， and exterior-mounted material in the statistical cases reached 1.47 years，5.26 years， 3.30 years， and 2.49 years， respectively， which were evidently less than the age limit in Technical Standard for External Thermal Insulation on Walls（JGJ 144-2019）. Shedding areas were pre-dominantly concentrated within the range of 0.72 m2 to 49.50 m2， indicating a tendency for collective shedding mode of facade materials. The shedding area demonstrated correlations with material types， regions and duration of use， and the loss was also related to the shedding area and the duration of use. The heights and types of detachment correlated with wind forces， which was further associated with seasons， regions， the area of detachment， and temperatures. Additionally， temperatures exhibited a correlation with regional characteristics. In particular， the correlation degrees between the shedding area and the duration of use， between shedding area and material types， between the shedding height and types， as well as between the wind force and the area were the highest， the correlation coefficients reached -0.22， -0.22， -0.27 and -0.23， respectively， indicating that the small area of shedding was significantly influenced by the duration of use； in comparison to coatings， tiles， and exterior-mounted material utilized in building finish layers， the exterior insulation layers were more susceptible to produce large-scale shedding. The correlation between the external insulation layer and the height of shedding was noticeable， and the external insulation layer was more likely to be affected by the height than other external wall materials. The exterior walls in Northeast and North China are more susceptible to strong winds， which may increase the risk of shedding.
In recent years， the casualty accidents caused by the facade shedding become obvisouly more frequent， making the building operation and maintenance safety issues obtain wide attention. Therefore， ensuring the safety and reliability of building facades as well as prolonging their service life have become one of the most primary tasks during the operation and maintenance phase of existing buildings. In order to investigate the main factors of the building facade shedding and clarify the relations between each other， 1030 cases of external wall shedding across the country since 2000 were collected， and nine essential factors were sorted out including material types， duration of use， seasons， geographical regions， loss types， shedding areas， shedding heights， wind forces and temperatures. The frequency analysis method was employed to reveal interaction patterns among these factors， while independence tests and Pearson analysis were conducted to explore the degree of mutual correlation. It was found that average service life of external insulation layers， tiles， coatings， and exterior-mounted material in the statistical cases reached 1.47 years，5.26 years， 3.30 years， and 2.49 years， respectively， which were evidently less than the age limit in Technical Standard for External Thermal Insulation on Walls（JGJ 144-2019）. Shedding areas were pre-dominantly concentrated within the range of 0.72 m2 to 49.50 m2， indicating a tendency for collective shedding mode of facade materials. The shedding area demonstrated correlations with material types， regions and duration of use， and the loss was also related to the shedding area and the duration of use. The heights and types of detachment correlated with wind forces， which was further associated with seasons， regions， the area of detachment， and temperatures. Additionally， temperatures exhibited a correlation with regional characteristics. In particular， the correlation degrees between the shedding area and the duration of use， between shedding area and material types， between the shedding height and types， as well as between the wind force and the area were the highest， the correlation coefficients reached -0.22， -0.22， -0.27 and -0.23， respectively， indicating that the small area of shedding was significantly influenced by the duration of use； in comparison to coatings， tiles， and exterior-mounted material utilized in building finish layers， the exterior insulation layers were more susceptible to produce large-scale shedding. The correlation between the external insulation layer and the height of shedding was noticeable， and the external insulation layer was more likely to be affected by the height than other external wall materials. The exterior walls in Northeast and North China are more susceptible to strong winds， which may increase the risk of shedding.
2025,
55(12):
71-79.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25041408
Abstract:
This study conducted ambient vibration tests on a precast super tall building located in Shenzhen throughout its entire construction period， obtaining structural dynamic response data at various stages. Bayesian operational modal analysis （OMA） techniques were employed to identify the structural modal parameters during the construction process. By analyzing these modal parameters and comparing them with finite element model results， this study revealed an overall declining trend in both modal frequencies and damping ratios as construction progressed， which was consistent with the evolution of structural dynamic response characteristics. The research quantified the characteristics of frequency variations across different construction phases. The results indicated that although the measured modal frequencies were consistently approximately 40% higher than the finite element-calculated values， both exhibited the same variation trend， thereby validating the reliability of the finite element model for trend prediction. Upon project completion， measurements demonstrated a high degree of agreement between the first six experimental modal shapes and the finite element analysis results under the Modal Assurance Criterion （MAC）.
This study conducted ambient vibration tests on a precast super tall building located in Shenzhen throughout its entire construction period， obtaining structural dynamic response data at various stages. Bayesian operational modal analysis （OMA） techniques were employed to identify the structural modal parameters during the construction process. By analyzing these modal parameters and comparing them with finite element model results， this study revealed an overall declining trend in both modal frequencies and damping ratios as construction progressed， which was consistent with the evolution of structural dynamic response characteristics. The research quantified the characteristics of frequency variations across different construction phases. The results indicated that although the measured modal frequencies were consistently approximately 40% higher than the finite element-calculated values， both exhibited the same variation trend， thereby validating the reliability of the finite element model for trend prediction. Upon project completion， measurements demonstrated a high degree of agreement between the first six experimental modal shapes and the finite element analysis results under the Modal Assurance Criterion （MAC）.
2025,
55(12):
80-86.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25032804
Abstract:
The complexity of metro rail projects poses a serious challenge to construction safety management， but existing studies have not yet clarified the specific influence mechanism on construction safety leading indicators such as safety leadership and safety culture. Based on the complex systems theory and Leadership-Culture-Behavior （LCB） theory， this study analyzes 238 managers' questionnaire data from 26 metro projects through structural equation modeling to reveal the differentiated impact paths of project complexity on safety leadership and safety culture. The results show that project complexity significantly weakens safety leadership and safety culture； technical complexity and organizational complexity jointly negatively affect safety leadership， and organizational complexity and environmental complexity together significantly negatively affect safety culture. It can be seen that organizational complexity significantly and negatively affects both types of construction safety leading indicators at the same time. This study reveals the influence mechanism of metro rail project complexity on construction safety leading indicators， and the results expand the application of LCB theory in complex engineering scenarios， providing empirical evidence for systematic control of project complexity.
The complexity of metro rail projects poses a serious challenge to construction safety management， but existing studies have not yet clarified the specific influence mechanism on construction safety leading indicators such as safety leadership and safety culture. Based on the complex systems theory and Leadership-Culture-Behavior （LCB） theory， this study analyzes 238 managers' questionnaire data from 26 metro projects through structural equation modeling to reveal the differentiated impact paths of project complexity on safety leadership and safety culture. The results show that project complexity significantly weakens safety leadership and safety culture； technical complexity and organizational complexity jointly negatively affect safety leadership， and organizational complexity and environmental complexity together significantly negatively affect safety culture. It can be seen that organizational complexity significantly and negatively affects both types of construction safety leading indicators at the same time. This study reveals the influence mechanism of metro rail project complexity on construction safety leading indicators， and the results expand the application of LCB theory in complex engineering scenarios， providing empirical evidence for systematic control of project complexity.
2025,
55(12):
87-95.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25041202
Abstract:
In the modern society characterized by the overlay of multiple uncertainties and resonance， introducing resilient governance into urban old communities has become a new approach to addressing the “governance lag” in these areas. To achieve the integration of the “human” aspect of governance in urban old communities with the “physical” aspect of community resilience， it is essential to differentiate the connotations of urban old community governance， resilient communities， and resilient governance in urban old communities across the dimensions of subjects， information， resources， and tasks. It is also necessary to clarify the robustness of social relations， the efficiency of resource utilization， the redundancy of information acquisition， the diversity of governance content， and the cohesion of governance subjects in the resilient governance of urban old communities. Drawing on modern urban planning theory， disaster management theory， and risk vulnerability theory as the theoretical basis， this study proposes six promotion strategies， including ensuring smooth economic circulation， cultivating professional governance talents， accurately controlling reasonable layouts， streamlining grassroots governance order， enhancing publicity and cognitive dissemination， and improving tracking and evaluation mechanisms. These strategies aim to promote the construction of a theoretical system for resilient governance in urban old communities and to form a new pattern of resilient governance characterized by co-construction， co-governance， and sharing.
In the modern society characterized by the overlay of multiple uncertainties and resonance， introducing resilient governance into urban old communities has become a new approach to addressing the “governance lag” in these areas. To achieve the integration of the “human” aspect of governance in urban old communities with the “physical” aspect of community resilience， it is essential to differentiate the connotations of urban old community governance， resilient communities， and resilient governance in urban old communities across the dimensions of subjects， information， resources， and tasks. It is also necessary to clarify the robustness of social relations， the efficiency of resource utilization， the redundancy of information acquisition， the diversity of governance content， and the cohesion of governance subjects in the resilient governance of urban old communities. Drawing on modern urban planning theory， disaster management theory， and risk vulnerability theory as the theoretical basis， this study proposes six promotion strategies， including ensuring smooth economic circulation， cultivating professional governance talents， accurately controlling reasonable layouts， streamlining grassroots governance order， enhancing publicity and cognitive dissemination， and improving tracking and evaluation mechanisms. These strategies aim to promote the construction of a theoretical system for resilient governance in urban old communities and to form a new pattern of resilient governance characterized by co-construction， co-governance， and sharing.
2025,
55(12):
96-106.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25031908
Abstract:
In order to effectively reduce the risk of fire in densely populated areas of universities and meet the requirements of refined fire safety management， this study employs Grounded Theory to systematically identify fire risk factors and establishes a complex network of fire risk evolution based on the DEMATEL-ISM （D-ISM） model. It addresses the problem of separating the analysis process of key risk nodes and risk propagation paths in traditional methods and classifies and analyzes risk factors by incorporating quantitative indicators. The main conclusions include： 1） The proposed three-tiered framework （core layer， indirect layer， direct layer） establishes a novel complex network architecture that effectively supports a stratified risk assessment system. 2） High-risk coupling characteristics in crowded campus areas exhibit evolutionary complexity originating from indirect-layer factors. 3） A progressive evolution pattern emerges from the core to the indirect and direct layers， with distinct risk features at each level enabling targeted control strategies through stratified classification.
In order to effectively reduce the risk of fire in densely populated areas of universities and meet the requirements of refined fire safety management， this study employs Grounded Theory to systematically identify fire risk factors and establishes a complex network of fire risk evolution based on the DEMATEL-ISM （D-ISM） model. It addresses the problem of separating the analysis process of key risk nodes and risk propagation paths in traditional methods and classifies and analyzes risk factors by incorporating quantitative indicators. The main conclusions include： 1） The proposed three-tiered framework （core layer， indirect layer， direct layer） establishes a novel complex network architecture that effectively supports a stratified risk assessment system. 2） High-risk coupling characteristics in crowded campus areas exhibit evolutionary complexity originating from indirect-layer factors. 3） A progressive evolution pattern emerges from the core to the indirect and direct layers， with distinct risk features at each level enabling targeted control strategies through stratified classification.
2025,
55(12):
107-114.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25080705
Abstract:
This study aims to explore how optimizing the spatial deployment of guidance personnel during emergency evacuations can improve evacuation efficiency and curb the spread of panic. An improved cellular automaton （CA） model， combined with a genetic algorithm （GA）， was employed for the analysis. An evacuation simulation model was constructed that incorporates both panic propagation and the guiding effect of rescue personnel. The GA module was further implemented with a designed objective function to minimize the total evacuation time. The model was applied to both simplified scenarios and a real shopping mall fire scenario to simulate evacuation processes under different numbers and spatial distributions of guidance personnel. The effects of response time and exit signage clarity on evacuation performance were also analyzed. The results indicate that a rational spatial allocation of guidance personnel， rapid response， and clear signage can significantly enhance evacuation efficiency， effectively mitigate panic propagation and congestion near exits， and provide practical recommendations for optimizing resource allocation in real-world evacuation management.
This study aims to explore how optimizing the spatial deployment of guidance personnel during emergency evacuations can improve evacuation efficiency and curb the spread of panic. An improved cellular automaton （CA） model， combined with a genetic algorithm （GA）， was employed for the analysis. An evacuation simulation model was constructed that incorporates both panic propagation and the guiding effect of rescue personnel. The GA module was further implemented with a designed objective function to minimize the total evacuation time. The model was applied to both simplified scenarios and a real shopping mall fire scenario to simulate evacuation processes under different numbers and spatial distributions of guidance personnel. The effects of response time and exit signage clarity on evacuation performance were also analyzed. The results indicate that a rational spatial allocation of guidance personnel， rapid response， and clear signage can significantly enhance evacuation efficiency， effectively mitigate panic propagation and congestion near exits， and provide practical recommendations for optimizing resource allocation in real-world evacuation management.
2025,
55(12):
115-122.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25030303
Abstract:
Addressing systemic flaws in domestic expressway toll facilities—inadequate disaster resilience， lagging adoption of smart technology， fragmented regional cultural context， and significant resource consumption—this study proposes a tripartite design system integrating “smart management， cultural translation， and low-carbon technologies” based on the resilient infrastructure theoretical framework. By establishing a multi-dimensional IoT sensing system for environmental factors and structural stress， real-time early warning and response to meteorological and structural conditions are achieved. Parametric algorithms translate regional cultural elements into spatial forms and decorative symbols， enhancing facility-environment harmony. Sponge city technology and wind-solar hybrid energy systems are integrated to construct a low-carbon operational model that synergizes “energy-water-materials” flows. Validated through the Jingxiong Expressway Fangshan North Station project， the system demonstrates comprehensive outcomes： timely extreme weather response， reduced whole-life-cycle energy consumption， and improved cultural integration scores. This research provides a systematic solution for enhancing resilience， preserving cultural continuity， and enabling sustainable operation of transportation infrastructure.
Addressing systemic flaws in domestic expressway toll facilities—inadequate disaster resilience， lagging adoption of smart technology， fragmented regional cultural context， and significant resource consumption—this study proposes a tripartite design system integrating “smart management， cultural translation， and low-carbon technologies” based on the resilient infrastructure theoretical framework. By establishing a multi-dimensional IoT sensing system for environmental factors and structural stress， real-time early warning and response to meteorological and structural conditions are achieved. Parametric algorithms translate regional cultural elements into spatial forms and decorative symbols， enhancing facility-environment harmony. Sponge city technology and wind-solar hybrid energy systems are integrated to construct a low-carbon operational model that synergizes “energy-water-materials” flows. Validated through the Jingxiong Expressway Fangshan North Station project， the system demonstrates comprehensive outcomes： timely extreme weather response， reduced whole-life-cycle energy consumption， and improved cultural integration scores. This research provides a systematic solution for enhancing resilience， preserving cultural continuity， and enabling sustainable operation of transportation infrastructure.
2025,
55(12):
123-129.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG23111207
Abstract:
The southeastern coastal region of China faces the threat of typhoons from the Northwest Pacific every year， and coastal transmission lines may suffer severe damage. However， due to insufficient measured data， it is often impossible to accurately estimate the extreme wind speed in typhoon climates. A full-path simulation method based on random forest was used to simulate typhoons in the Northwest Pacific， and the YM wind field model was used to carry out typhoon wind field simulations. The extreme wind speeds of a transmission line site under 50-year and 100-year return periods were obtained as 33.7 m/s and 35.8 m/s， respectively. The distribution maps of the extreme wind speeds in Wenzhou and Yueqing were plotted， which suggested that typhoon wind speeds in inland areas showed a decreasing trend. The impacts of microtopography on the extreme wind speeds of typhoons were further analyzed. The computational fluid dynamics （CFD） method was used to calculated the acceleration ratio of the wind speed under real topography to subsequently correct the extreme wind speed distribution map. The corrected results revealed a significant increase in the extreme wind speed， indicating the microtopographic region had a notable amplifying effect on the typhoon design wind speed.
The southeastern coastal region of China faces the threat of typhoons from the Northwest Pacific every year， and coastal transmission lines may suffer severe damage. However， due to insufficient measured data， it is often impossible to accurately estimate the extreme wind speed in typhoon climates. A full-path simulation method based on random forest was used to simulate typhoons in the Northwest Pacific， and the YM wind field model was used to carry out typhoon wind field simulations. The extreme wind speeds of a transmission line site under 50-year and 100-year return periods were obtained as 33.7 m/s and 35.8 m/s， respectively. The distribution maps of the extreme wind speeds in Wenzhou and Yueqing were plotted， which suggested that typhoon wind speeds in inland areas showed a decreasing trend. The impacts of microtopography on the extreme wind speeds of typhoons were further analyzed. The computational fluid dynamics （CFD） method was used to calculated the acceleration ratio of the wind speed under real topography to subsequently correct the extreme wind speed distribution map. The corrected results revealed a significant increase in the extreme wind speed， indicating the microtopographic region had a notable amplifying effect on the typhoon design wind speed.
2025,
55(12):
130-136.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG24063002
Abstract:
On April 27， 2024， the Baiyun District of Guangzhou City was struck by a tornado， leading to severe damage to a large number of buildings， particularly light-gauge steel structures， including roof uplift， facade damage， and collapse. Based on the on-site investigation， the paper analyzed the damage characteristics and causes of roofs， purlins， and steel columns of light-gauge steel structures when confronted with tornadoes. The results indicated that excessive high wind loads were the primary cause of damage to light-gauge steel structures. Different building structural types exhibited distinct damage patterns. Light-gauge steel plants designed and constructed strictly in adherence to building codes primarily showed damage to their envelope systems while maintaining a relatively robust wind-resistant performance of the main structure， towering structures were prone to overall torsional deformation and support failure under the impact of tornadoes. The design and construction quality significantly influenced a building’s resilience against tornadoes. Appropriately decreasing the space of purlins and enhancing the bearing capacity of upright columns could effectively improve the capacity to withstand extreme wind hazards like tornadoes.
On April 27， 2024， the Baiyun District of Guangzhou City was struck by a tornado， leading to severe damage to a large number of buildings， particularly light-gauge steel structures， including roof uplift， facade damage， and collapse. Based on the on-site investigation， the paper analyzed the damage characteristics and causes of roofs， purlins， and steel columns of light-gauge steel structures when confronted with tornadoes. The results indicated that excessive high wind loads were the primary cause of damage to light-gauge steel structures. Different building structural types exhibited distinct damage patterns. Light-gauge steel plants designed and constructed strictly in adherence to building codes primarily showed damage to their envelope systems while maintaining a relatively robust wind-resistant performance of the main structure， towering structures were prone to overall torsional deformation and support failure under the impact of tornadoes. The design and construction quality significantly influenced a building’s resilience against tornadoes. Appropriately decreasing the space of purlins and enhancing the bearing capacity of upright columns could effectively improve the capacity to withstand extreme wind hazards like tornadoes.
2025,
55(12):
137-145.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25080704
Abstract:
Typhoon Yagi， a super typhoon in 2024， inflicted severe damage on the Baishamen Cultural and Creative Market in Haikou. Based on post-disaster field surveys， this paper systematically analyzed the damage characteristics and causes of 45 prefabricated modular temporary buildings under extreme wind loads. The findings revealed that damage to the building envelope was the most prevalent， accounting for over 80% of cases； damage to the main structure was dominated by tilting of light-steel frames and joint fractures， while equipment， piping， and furniture were largely displaced or water-damaged. The primary causes of the damage included an inadequate design wind-resistant rating， low material strength， weak envelope-to-structure connections， and wind-pressure amplification due to the exposed coastal topography. In response， four technical measures were proposed： 1） to elevate the wind-resistant design standards for coastal temporary buildings； 2） to optimize the connection details between the building envelope and the main structure； 3） to adopt high-performance weather-resistant materials； and 4） to strengthen wind-resistant detailing and operational maintenance. These recommendations provide a technical pathway for wind disaster mitigation in similar tropical island projects.
Typhoon Yagi， a super typhoon in 2024， inflicted severe damage on the Baishamen Cultural and Creative Market in Haikou. Based on post-disaster field surveys， this paper systematically analyzed the damage characteristics and causes of 45 prefabricated modular temporary buildings under extreme wind loads. The findings revealed that damage to the building envelope was the most prevalent， accounting for over 80% of cases； damage to the main structure was dominated by tilting of light-steel frames and joint fractures， while equipment， piping， and furniture were largely displaced or water-damaged. The primary causes of the damage included an inadequate design wind-resistant rating， low material strength， weak envelope-to-structure connections， and wind-pressure amplification due to the exposed coastal topography. In response， four technical measures were proposed： 1） to elevate the wind-resistant design standards for coastal temporary buildings； 2） to optimize the connection details between the building envelope and the main structure； 3） to adopt high-performance weather-resistant materials； and 4） to strengthen wind-resistant detailing and operational maintenance. These recommendations provide a technical pathway for wind disaster mitigation in similar tropical island projects.
2025,
55(12):
146-158.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25031703
Abstract:
This study investigates the disaster mechanisms and protective technologies related to downbursts. Regarding the formation mechanisms， it reveals how thunderstorm cloud energy conversion generates damaging downbursts and examines the resulting extreme wind pressure characteristics and dynamic amplification effects on building structures through case studies. Within the research technical framework， this study reviews the evolution of theoretical models from basic morphology to three-dimensional dynamics， systematically compares the differences among various analytical methods and their applicability in predicting structural wind loads， and evaluates the applications of different experimental techniques in wind field simulation. In the field of engineering protection， this study proposes climate-adaptive design strategies， demonstrates how structural reinforcement techniques significantly enhance wind resistance， and integrates intelligent monitoring systems to enable rapid post-disaster assessment. Finally， the paper recommends combining thunderstorm cloud parameterization with multi-objective density evolution theory to create a dynamic meteorology-topography-structure coupling framework. This will form a comprehensive system for disaster prediction， feedback control， and code adaptation， thereby supporting engineering resilience design.
This study investigates the disaster mechanisms and protective technologies related to downbursts. Regarding the formation mechanisms， it reveals how thunderstorm cloud energy conversion generates damaging downbursts and examines the resulting extreme wind pressure characteristics and dynamic amplification effects on building structures through case studies. Within the research technical framework， this study reviews the evolution of theoretical models from basic morphology to three-dimensional dynamics， systematically compares the differences among various analytical methods and their applicability in predicting structural wind loads， and evaluates the applications of different experimental techniques in wind field simulation. In the field of engineering protection， this study proposes climate-adaptive design strategies， demonstrates how structural reinforcement techniques significantly enhance wind resistance， and integrates intelligent monitoring systems to enable rapid post-disaster assessment. Finally， the paper recommends combining thunderstorm cloud parameterization with multi-objective density evolution theory to create a dynamic meteorology-topography-structure coupling framework. This will form a comprehensive system for disaster prediction， feedback control， and code adaptation， thereby supporting engineering resilience design.
2025,
55(12):
159-166.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25103105
Abstract:
This study systematically evaluated nine mainstream vision-based vibration measurement algorithms through comprehensive performance comparison tests. The results demonstrated that target-based approaches achieved superior measurement accuracy over targetless methods， with an error mean （EM） and normalized root mean square error （NRMSE） as low as 0.92 mm and 4.97%， respectively. Among targetless methods， the optical flow method performed best， with corresponding values of 1.5 mm and 7.8%， significantly outperforming other non-contact targetless approaches. These comparative findings provide valuable guidance for implementing vision-based technologies in engineering. Field applications further confirmed that the algorithms accurately extract structural vibration frequencies， validating their effectiveness and generalization capability in real-world scenarios.
This study systematically evaluated nine mainstream vision-based vibration measurement algorithms through comprehensive performance comparison tests. The results demonstrated that target-based approaches achieved superior measurement accuracy over targetless methods， with an error mean （EM） and normalized root mean square error （NRMSE） as low as 0.92 mm and 4.97%， respectively. Among targetless methods， the optical flow method performed best， with corresponding values of 1.5 mm and 7.8%， significantly outperforming other non-contact targetless approaches. These comparative findings provide valuable guidance for implementing vision-based technologies in engineering. Field applications further confirmed that the algorithms accurately extract structural vibration frequencies， validating their effectiveness and generalization capability in real-world scenarios.
2025,
55(12):
167-172.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25031002
Abstract:
Leakage in municipal pipelines is one of the significant contributing factors to urban ground collapse. To investigate the causes of pipeline leakage and the mechanical processes of ground collapse， this study focuses on a ground collapse event in southwestern China. Through field investigations， numerical simulations， and comprehensive analysis of multi-source data， the following conclusions were drawn： the ground collapse was caused by large-scale erosion cavities around pipelines and wells. The primary factors contributing to cavity formation were leakage from sewage wells and adjacent pipe sections， while secondary factors included short-term leakage from stormwater rectangular culverts， stormwater branch pipes， and shallow unidentified water sources. Structural defects，such as those at the bottom of well chambers， around lower well chambers， flow channels， and pipe-well joints，were identified as the root causes of leakage. The ground collapse induced by municipal pipeline leakage went through four developmental stages.It began with pipeline network damage and initial leakage， followed by soil erosion and the formation of interconnected leakage pathways. As the structural defects worsened， leakage intensified， ultimately leading to cavity formation and final subsidence collapse.
Leakage in municipal pipelines is one of the significant contributing factors to urban ground collapse. To investigate the causes of pipeline leakage and the mechanical processes of ground collapse， this study focuses on a ground collapse event in southwestern China. Through field investigations， numerical simulations， and comprehensive analysis of multi-source data， the following conclusions were drawn： the ground collapse was caused by large-scale erosion cavities around pipelines and wells. The primary factors contributing to cavity formation were leakage from sewage wells and adjacent pipe sections， while secondary factors included short-term leakage from stormwater rectangular culverts， stormwater branch pipes， and shallow unidentified water sources. Structural defects，such as those at the bottom of well chambers， around lower well chambers， flow channels， and pipe-well joints，were identified as the root causes of leakage. The ground collapse induced by municipal pipeline leakage went through four developmental stages.It began with pipeline network damage and initial leakage， followed by soil erosion and the formation of interconnected leakage pathways. As the structural defects worsened， leakage intensified， ultimately leading to cavity formation and final subsidence collapse.
2025,
55(12):
173-180.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25031006
Abstract:
Corrosion is a common form of damage in steel structures. If it is not discovered and repaired in time， it will affect the safety of the entire structure. This paper takes the surface corrosion of steel structures as the research object and proposes a method for detecting surface corrosion of steel structures based on computer vision by using drones to obtain high-definition images. This method obtains high-definition corrosion images through drones， constructs a corrosion dataset， and trains and improves the YOLOv8 model to achieve high-precision corrosion target detection. The U_Net model is used to segment the detected corrosion areas， enabling the calculation of the corrosion area. The improved YOLOv8 network model is based on the YOLOv8-OBB model. The deep convolutional layers of the backbone network of the YOLOv8-OBB model are pruned， and the Contextual Anchor Attention （CAA） module and the Receptive Field Attention convolution （RFAConv） are introduced to bring the shallow feature information of the backbone network to the neck network， thereby achieving feature fusion. This method was verified by experiments， resulting in a 3.8% improvement in precision （P）， a 5% increase in recall （R）， and a 3.5% enhancement in mean Average Precision （mAP） for corrosion detection. Meanwhile， the number of parameters was reduced by 63.2%， while floating-point operations increased by 11.1×109， and frames per second （FPS） decreased by 17.47.
Corrosion is a common form of damage in steel structures. If it is not discovered and repaired in time， it will affect the safety of the entire structure. This paper takes the surface corrosion of steel structures as the research object and proposes a method for detecting surface corrosion of steel structures based on computer vision by using drones to obtain high-definition images. This method obtains high-definition corrosion images through drones， constructs a corrosion dataset， and trains and improves the YOLOv8 model to achieve high-precision corrosion target detection. The U_Net model is used to segment the detected corrosion areas， enabling the calculation of the corrosion area. The improved YOLOv8 network model is based on the YOLOv8-OBB model. The deep convolutional layers of the backbone network of the YOLOv8-OBB model are pruned， and the Contextual Anchor Attention （CAA） module and the Receptive Field Attention convolution （RFAConv） are introduced to bring the shallow feature information of the backbone network to the neck network， thereby achieving feature fusion. This method was verified by experiments， resulting in a 3.8% improvement in precision （P）， a 5% increase in recall （R）， and a 3.5% enhancement in mean Average Precision （mAP） for corrosion detection. Meanwhile， the number of parameters was reduced by 63.2%， while floating-point operations increased by 11.1×109， and frames per second （FPS） decreased by 17.47.
2025,
55(12):
181-187.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25032801
Abstract:
As the scale of high-rise and super-high-rise building structures becomes increasingly large and their types become increasingly diverse， structural abnormalities frequently occur during their long-term service due to the continuous cumulative effect of structural damage. Efficiently conducting damage identification has become a technical bottleneck that needs to be overcome in the engineering field. This paper proposes a damage identification method for square steel tubes based on laser Doppler vibrometry. To investigate the application of this method in damage identification for simplified high-rise structure models， a square steel tube specimen with a slenderness ratio of 40∶1 was designed， and experimental studies were conducted to assess and localize damage. By establishing a physical model of the square steel tube， laser Doppler vibrometry was used to collect vibration response signals before and after structural damage. Frequency domain decomposition （FDD） was utilized to extract modal parameters including natural frequencies and mode shapes. Furthermore， modal curvature difference analysis was introduced to achieve precise damage localization based on mutation characteristics in modal curvature before and after damage. Experimental verification through predefined damages at different locations demonstrated the method's sensitivity to structural damage. The results indicated that the modal curvature difference index effectively identified structural damage. In addition， the damage in the square steel tube was analyzed by finite element analysis. The modal identification results were compared with the numerical simulation results， showing good consistency in vibration modes between the two.
As the scale of high-rise and super-high-rise building structures becomes increasingly large and their types become increasingly diverse， structural abnormalities frequently occur during their long-term service due to the continuous cumulative effect of structural damage. Efficiently conducting damage identification has become a technical bottleneck that needs to be overcome in the engineering field. This paper proposes a damage identification method for square steel tubes based on laser Doppler vibrometry. To investigate the application of this method in damage identification for simplified high-rise structure models， a square steel tube specimen with a slenderness ratio of 40∶1 was designed， and experimental studies were conducted to assess and localize damage. By establishing a physical model of the square steel tube， laser Doppler vibrometry was used to collect vibration response signals before and after structural damage. Frequency domain decomposition （FDD） was utilized to extract modal parameters including natural frequencies and mode shapes. Furthermore， modal curvature difference analysis was introduced to achieve precise damage localization based on mutation characteristics in modal curvature before and after damage. Experimental verification through predefined damages at different locations demonstrated the method's sensitivity to structural damage. The results indicated that the modal curvature difference index effectively identified structural damage. In addition， the damage in the square steel tube was analyzed by finite element analysis. The modal identification results were compared with the numerical simulation results， showing good consistency in vibration modes between the two.
2025,
55(12):
188-197.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25041503
Abstract:
Graph Convolutional Networks （GCNs） have attracted significant attention in structural damage identification due to their capacity to explicitly model relations among variables from different sensors. However， existing GCN-based methods predominantly rely on static graphs or single-scale dynamic graph structures， often failing to effectively extract both local and global features. To address this limitation， this study proposes a structural damage identification method using a Multi-scale Adaptive Fusion Graph Convolutional Neural Network （MAFGCN）. Firstly， a physics-informed dynamic graph structure was constructed based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition （POD）， while a static graph structure was established using the spatial topology of the sensors. Secondly， simplified graph convolution was employed to extract multi-scale features from the dynamic graphs， which were then fused with the static graph features. Finally， a multi-scale heterogeneous graph fusion framework was designed， incorporating an adaptive weighting mechanism to fuse the multi-scale adjacency matrices， thereby enabling the extraction of high-order spatial features across different scales. The proposed method was validated through a numerical simulation of a simply-supported beam and an experiment on a Qatar Stadium stand. Additionally， its noise robustness was verified by introducing varying levels of noise into the original vibration data. The results demonstrated that the proposed method effectively extracted multi-scale features of the vibration data， achieving a damage identification accuracy exceeding 90% even under a 15% noise level.
Graph Convolutional Networks （GCNs） have attracted significant attention in structural damage identification due to their capacity to explicitly model relations among variables from different sensors. However， existing GCN-based methods predominantly rely on static graphs or single-scale dynamic graph structures， often failing to effectively extract both local and global features. To address this limitation， this study proposes a structural damage identification method using a Multi-scale Adaptive Fusion Graph Convolutional Neural Network （MAFGCN）. Firstly， a physics-informed dynamic graph structure was constructed based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition （POD）， while a static graph structure was established using the spatial topology of the sensors. Secondly， simplified graph convolution was employed to extract multi-scale features from the dynamic graphs， which were then fused with the static graph features. Finally， a multi-scale heterogeneous graph fusion framework was designed， incorporating an adaptive weighting mechanism to fuse the multi-scale adjacency matrices， thereby enabling the extraction of high-order spatial features across different scales. The proposed method was validated through a numerical simulation of a simply-supported beam and an experiment on a Qatar Stadium stand. Additionally， its noise robustness was verified by introducing varying levels of noise into the original vibration data. The results demonstrated that the proposed method effectively extracted multi-scale features of the vibration data， achieving a damage identification accuracy exceeding 90% even under a 15% noise level.
2025,
55(12):
198-206.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25050905
Abstract:
At this stage， substation construction is an important part of electric power infrastructure， and its quality directly affects the stable operation of the power system. However， as traditional methods for quality control in substation construction have certain limitations， this paper proposed a digital twin-based substation construction quality control method to address these challenges. Firstly， a digital twin model of the substation was constructed by integrating the BIM model with data collected on-site by inspection robots. Secondly， the specifications for construction steps were imported into the digital twin system in advance， creating a system capable of autonomously evaluating the real-time updated digital twin model against these specifications. The model was updated in real time through inspection robots that collected on-site construction conditions continuously or at specified time intervals， enabling real-time monitoring， quality assessment， and predictive maintenance during the construction process. This paper detailsed the principles of digital twin technology， the model construction method， and its application in quality control for substation construction. The effectiveness of the method was demonstrated through case studies.
At this stage， substation construction is an important part of electric power infrastructure， and its quality directly affects the stable operation of the power system. However， as traditional methods for quality control in substation construction have certain limitations， this paper proposed a digital twin-based substation construction quality control method to address these challenges. Firstly， a digital twin model of the substation was constructed by integrating the BIM model with data collected on-site by inspection robots. Secondly， the specifications for construction steps were imported into the digital twin system in advance， creating a system capable of autonomously evaluating the real-time updated digital twin model against these specifications. The model was updated in real time through inspection robots that collected on-site construction conditions continuously or at specified time intervals， enabling real-time monitoring， quality assessment， and predictive maintenance during the construction process. This paper detailsed the principles of digital twin technology， the model construction method， and its application in quality control for substation construction. The effectiveness of the method was demonstrated through case studies.
2025,
55(12):
207-215.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25081002
Abstract:
In order to effectively suppress the dynamic response of pedestrian bridges under vertical periodic loads， this paper compares the effectiveness of installing a tuned mass damper （TMD） and a rotary inertial double-tuned mass damper （RIDTMD） in reducing vertical acceleration. Taking a typical section of an elevated pedestrian bridge in a mountain trail project as the research background and considering the actual stiffness of the supports， this paper analyzes the mechanical properties of a curved pedestrian bridge under static loading. Using the finite element software MIDAS/Civil and ANSYS， a refined finite element model of the bridge section was established. Loads were applied according to the actual loading conditions， and strength and stiffness analyses were carried out. The relative error between the maximum stresses calculated by the two methods was only 0.59%. Comfort analysis of the pedestrian bridge was conducted by avoiding sensitive frequencies and limiting the dynamic response of the structure. Furthermore， the comfort rating of the pedestrian bridge was evaluated in accordance with Chinese and international standards. A control scheme for pedestrian-induced vibrations using a TMD was proposed. At the same time， the method of installing a rotary inertial double-tuned mass damper （RIDTMD） at the midspan of the fourth span of the pedestrian bridge was also adopted. Based on the improved fixed-point theory， the multi-parameter optimization of the RIDTMD was simplified to a two-dimensional optimization of mass and damping. The optimal parameters were determined through iterative calculations using MATLAB Simscape. By installing a TMD with a mass ratio of 3% at the midspan of the fourth span of the pedestrian bridge， the dynamic response under vertical periodic loads caused by inconsistent pedestrian paces could be effectively suppressed. The vibration reduction effect on vertical acceleration reached 61.8%. The comfort level of the pedestrian bridge was improved from CL3 to CL1 under German standards and from Grade 4 to Grade 2 according to Chinese standards. Under equivalent acceleration control effect， the tuned mass ratio was reduced from 3% to 1.95%， achieving a mass optimization rate of 35%.
In order to effectively suppress the dynamic response of pedestrian bridges under vertical periodic loads， this paper compares the effectiveness of installing a tuned mass damper （TMD） and a rotary inertial double-tuned mass damper （RIDTMD） in reducing vertical acceleration. Taking a typical section of an elevated pedestrian bridge in a mountain trail project as the research background and considering the actual stiffness of the supports， this paper analyzes the mechanical properties of a curved pedestrian bridge under static loading. Using the finite element software MIDAS/Civil and ANSYS， a refined finite element model of the bridge section was established. Loads were applied according to the actual loading conditions， and strength and stiffness analyses were carried out. The relative error between the maximum stresses calculated by the two methods was only 0.59%. Comfort analysis of the pedestrian bridge was conducted by avoiding sensitive frequencies and limiting the dynamic response of the structure. Furthermore， the comfort rating of the pedestrian bridge was evaluated in accordance with Chinese and international standards. A control scheme for pedestrian-induced vibrations using a TMD was proposed. At the same time， the method of installing a rotary inertial double-tuned mass damper （RIDTMD） at the midspan of the fourth span of the pedestrian bridge was also adopted. Based on the improved fixed-point theory， the multi-parameter optimization of the RIDTMD was simplified to a two-dimensional optimization of mass and damping. The optimal parameters were determined through iterative calculations using MATLAB Simscape. By installing a TMD with a mass ratio of 3% at the midspan of the fourth span of the pedestrian bridge， the dynamic response under vertical periodic loads caused by inconsistent pedestrian paces could be effectively suppressed. The vibration reduction effect on vertical acceleration reached 61.8%. The comfort level of the pedestrian bridge was improved from CL3 to CL1 under German standards and from Grade 4 to Grade 2 according to Chinese standards. Under equivalent acceleration control effect， the tuned mass ratio was reduced from 3% to 1.95%， achieving a mass optimization rate of 35%.
2025,
55(12):
216-223.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25091401
Abstract:
To address the dual requirements for environmental micro-vibration control and seismic protection in semiconductor factories， a dual-control isolation device for seismic and environmental micro-vibration was independently developed. A comprehensive research approach combining theoretical analysis， experimental validation， and numerical simulation was employed. The device features a layered design， incorporating vertical spring isolation elements with a natural frequency of 5 Hz and horizontal friction pendulum seismic elements embedded with shear pins. Scaled specimens were fabricated to conduct vertical compression tests， horizontal shear tests， and graded seismic tests on the shear pins， determining the key mechanical parameters and energy dissipation capacity under graded seismic actions. Using a semiconductor factory in Suzhou， Jiangsu Province as the engineering background， finite element models were established using ANSYS APDL， and the model reliability was validated through ABAQUS. The structural vibration responses were evaluated based on 1/3 octave analysis and BBN-VC standards. The results demonstrate that the device can achieve a three-level seismic fortification objective， with an acceleration isolation efficiency reaching 70% and a structural velocity amplitude reduction of 77% at 40 Hz， meeting the vibration sensitivity requirements of semiconductor manufacturing processes.
To address the dual requirements for environmental micro-vibration control and seismic protection in semiconductor factories， a dual-control isolation device for seismic and environmental micro-vibration was independently developed. A comprehensive research approach combining theoretical analysis， experimental validation， and numerical simulation was employed. The device features a layered design， incorporating vertical spring isolation elements with a natural frequency of 5 Hz and horizontal friction pendulum seismic elements embedded with shear pins. Scaled specimens were fabricated to conduct vertical compression tests， horizontal shear tests， and graded seismic tests on the shear pins， determining the key mechanical parameters and energy dissipation capacity under graded seismic actions. Using a semiconductor factory in Suzhou， Jiangsu Province as the engineering background， finite element models were established using ANSYS APDL， and the model reliability was validated through ABAQUS. The structural vibration responses were evaluated based on 1/3 octave analysis and BBN-VC standards. The results demonstrate that the device can achieve a three-level seismic fortification objective， with an acceleration isolation efficiency reaching 70% and a structural velocity amplitude reduction of 77% at 40 Hz， meeting the vibration sensitivity requirements of semiconductor manufacturing processes.
2025,
55(12):
224-230.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG23091814
Abstract:
In order to study the influence of the inclination of rock blocks on the stability of the soil-rock slope， by constructing quadrilateral rock blocks of different shapes， numerical models of the soil-rock slope were established by the widely existing rock blocks with edge characteristics in nature. In the paper， the method of finite element limit analysis was used to calculate the safety factors of slopes under different inclination angles of rock blocks， and the results were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the stability of the soil-rock slope was significantly affected by the inclination of rock blocks， and the average safety factor of the slope increased first and then decreased with the increase of the inclination of rock blocks when it changeds from 0° to 120°， and once more increased first and then decreased after reaching 120°. Due to the random distribution of rock blocks in the soil-rock slope， the safety factors would fluctuate according to its influence， and there were significant differences in the fluctuation degree under different volumetric rock block proportions. By analyzing the shear dissipation diagrams of the soil-rock slopes， when the inclination of rock blocks was 60°， the development of the sliding shear zone was obstructed by the direction of the edge or the long axis of the rock block， and the stability of slope was high in this case； when the inclination of rock blocks was 0°，150° or 180°， the sliding shear zone was easy to form a through development along the contact direction of the edge of the rock block and the stability of the slope was low， at this time， the inclination angle of rock blocks was related to the volumetric rock block proportions.
In order to study the influence of the inclination of rock blocks on the stability of the soil-rock slope， by constructing quadrilateral rock blocks of different shapes， numerical models of the soil-rock slope were established by the widely existing rock blocks with edge characteristics in nature. In the paper， the method of finite element limit analysis was used to calculate the safety factors of slopes under different inclination angles of rock blocks， and the results were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the stability of the soil-rock slope was significantly affected by the inclination of rock blocks， and the average safety factor of the slope increased first and then decreased with the increase of the inclination of rock blocks when it changeds from 0° to 120°， and once more increased first and then decreased after reaching 120°. Due to the random distribution of rock blocks in the soil-rock slope， the safety factors would fluctuate according to its influence， and there were significant differences in the fluctuation degree under different volumetric rock block proportions. By analyzing the shear dissipation diagrams of the soil-rock slopes， when the inclination of rock blocks was 60°， the development of the sliding shear zone was obstructed by the direction of the edge or the long axis of the rock block， and the stability of slope was high in this case； when the inclination of rock blocks was 0°，150° or 180°， the sliding shear zone was easy to form a through development along the contact direction of the edge of the rock block and the stability of the slope was low， at this time， the inclination angle of rock blocks was related to the volumetric rock block proportions.
2025,
55(12):
231-240.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG23080302
Abstract:
Strengthening and improving the sliding zone soil is helpful to improve the engineering properties of the sliding zone soil and the anti-sliding stability of the landslide. Taking the slope of a resettlement site project as the prototype， the physical model of the slope was constructed according to the similarity theory， and the physical model of the slope before and after grouting with ionic soil stabilizer was reinforced by artificial rainfall simulation device. The stress and displacement distribution of the tracing point of the slope were studied， and the failure mode and evolution process of the slope in rainfall conditions were analyzed. The test results showed that the soil pressure and pore water pressure were obviously influenced by ionic soil stabilizer on the reinforcement effect of slope sliding zone. After the sliding zone soil was grouted and strengthened， the critical rainfall amount and rainfall intensity leading to the deformation and failure of the slope model obviously increased， and the cumulative rainfall when the landslide occurred was about 9.14 times that before the reinforcement； the whole sliding collapse of the slope changed into local creep failure， and the duration of the slope sliding process increased， and the model shape basically remained intact after the creep failure. During the duration of destruction， the ionic soil stabilizer had good injectability， and the slope strengthened by grouting with ionic soil stabilizer was more stable. The improvement of sliding zone soil by ionic soil stabilizer could effectively improve the anti-sliding stability of the slope.
Strengthening and improving the sliding zone soil is helpful to improve the engineering properties of the sliding zone soil and the anti-sliding stability of the landslide. Taking the slope of a resettlement site project as the prototype， the physical model of the slope was constructed according to the similarity theory， and the physical model of the slope before and after grouting with ionic soil stabilizer was reinforced by artificial rainfall simulation device. The stress and displacement distribution of the tracing point of the slope were studied， and the failure mode and evolution process of the slope in rainfall conditions were analyzed. The test results showed that the soil pressure and pore water pressure were obviously influenced by ionic soil stabilizer on the reinforcement effect of slope sliding zone. After the sliding zone soil was grouted and strengthened， the critical rainfall amount and rainfall intensity leading to the deformation and failure of the slope model obviously increased， and the cumulative rainfall when the landslide occurred was about 9.14 times that before the reinforcement； the whole sliding collapse of the slope changed into local creep failure， and the duration of the slope sliding process increased， and the model shape basically remained intact after the creep failure. During the duration of destruction， the ionic soil stabilizer had good injectability， and the slope strengthened by grouting with ionic soil stabilizer was more stable. The improvement of sliding zone soil by ionic soil stabilizer could effectively improve the anti-sliding stability of the slope.
2025,
55(12):
241-249.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG23050103
Abstract:
The deformation control requirements of high-speed railway stations are extremely strict， however， at present， the research on deformation laws and control measures of high-speed railway stations caused by shield tunneling is extremely lacking. In view of this problem， the paper studied the deformation control measures， analyzed deformation laws of the high-speed railway station structure caused by the shield tunneling of Tianjin Metro Line 4 under the Tianjin West Railway Station. The research showed that after the double-track shield tunneling， the heaving and sinking deformation of the plate of the basement first floor was the largest in the entire high-speed railway station structure. When the first line passed beneath the station， the overall settlement of the structure was relatively small. After underpass， the overall bottom plate bulged. When the rear line passed beneath the station， each measuring point slightly sunk in the fluctuation. The deformation of the subgrade of the first floor was significantly smaller than the base plate， both of which were less than 1 mm. The subgrade was generally uplifted on the east side and subsided on the west side. The low point was directly above the double-track tunnel， and the high point was at the pile column. Construction measures such as automated monitoring， trial excavation， secondary grouting， and synchronous grouting were effective in controlling the deformation of high-speed railway stations. The deformation law of high-speed railway stations and the control measures for underpass construction can provide reference for similar high-risk and high control requirements of adjacent construction projects in soft soil areas.
The deformation control requirements of high-speed railway stations are extremely strict， however， at present， the research on deformation laws and control measures of high-speed railway stations caused by shield tunneling is extremely lacking. In view of this problem， the paper studied the deformation control measures， analyzed deformation laws of the high-speed railway station structure caused by the shield tunneling of Tianjin Metro Line 4 under the Tianjin West Railway Station. The research showed that after the double-track shield tunneling， the heaving and sinking deformation of the plate of the basement first floor was the largest in the entire high-speed railway station structure. When the first line passed beneath the station， the overall settlement of the structure was relatively small. After underpass， the overall bottom plate bulged. When the rear line passed beneath the station， each measuring point slightly sunk in the fluctuation. The deformation of the subgrade of the first floor was significantly smaller than the base plate， both of which were less than 1 mm. The subgrade was generally uplifted on the east side and subsided on the west side. The low point was directly above the double-track tunnel， and the high point was at the pile column. Construction measures such as automated monitoring， trial excavation， secondary grouting， and synchronous grouting were effective in controlling the deformation of high-speed railway stations. The deformation law of high-speed railway stations and the control measures for underpass construction can provide reference for similar high-risk and high control requirements of adjacent construction projects in soft soil areas.
