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2012 Vol. 42, No. 9
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2012, 42(9): 1-5,25.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209001
Abstract:
Combined with the new external wall system of Singapore Universal Studio Project, it is conducted a series of studies on material properties, main performance indexes in clude outer wall materials'physical properties of buildings, bearing capacity of wallboard, sound insulation, fire resistance, waterproof, etc.Tests show that all performance indexes of the outside wallboard meet the requirements.This provides a beneficial reference for using the external wall system in all kinds of complex natural environment．
Combined with the new external wall system of Singapore Universal Studio Project, it is conducted a series of studies on material properties, main performance indexes in clude outer wall materials'physical properties of buildings, bearing capacity of wallboard, sound insulation, fire resistance, waterproof, etc.Tests show that all performance indexes of the outside wallboard meet the requirements.This provides a beneficial reference for using the external wall system in all kinds of complex natural environment．
2012, 42(9): 6-10.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209002
Abstract:
Combined with the outer wall system, which was used for the first time in Singapore Universal Studio Project, it is deeply studied the waterproof of buildings'outer wall in high-temperature and rainy areas, and carried out optimal design of waterproof starting from the materials and structure.This study provides many useful waterproof joint designs of precast concrete panel and autoclaved light-weight concrete (ALC) wall panel．
Combined with the outer wall system, which was used for the first time in Singapore Universal Studio Project, it is deeply studied the waterproof of buildings'outer wall in high-temperature and rainy areas, and carried out optimal design of waterproof starting from the materials and structure.This study provides many useful waterproof joint designs of precast concrete panel and autoclaved light-weight concrete (ALC) wall panel．
2012, 42(9): 11-14.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209003
Abstract:
The hinged rigid frame structures are used for Singapore Universal Studio Project, with which a spatial structure system is formed by installing column, truss, tie beam between columns (or wall beam), column bracing and roof support, which can be used to hold the vertical loads and horizontal loads.It is introduced in detail the support layout principle, the method to special problems, and the design scheme of joint, purline and wall of the hot rolled H-shaped steel hinged rigid truss structure, it is expected to promote the application of this structure in other projects．
The hinged rigid frame structures are used for Singapore Universal Studio Project, with which a spatial structure system is formed by installing column, truss, tie beam between columns (or wall beam), column bracing and roof support, which can be used to hold the vertical loads and horizontal loads.It is introduced in detail the support layout principle, the method to special problems, and the design scheme of joint, purline and wall of the hot rolled H-shaped steel hinged rigid truss structure, it is expected to promote the application of this structure in other projects．
2012, 42(9): 15-19.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209004
Abstract:
With the growing scarcity of land resources, especially in coastal areas, much attention is paid to the efficient use of underground space.But with the excavations being dug deeper and deeper, the geotechnical conditions of the stratum become more and more complex.This situation leads to a series of problems in the aspect of safety and economy, which need to be solved quickly.So, referring to the project of Singapore Maritime Museum, it is introduced in detail the design and calculation- analysis of the envelope structure ofthree walls unified into one, it is expected to provide guidance for design and construction of excavations．
With the growing scarcity of land resources, especially in coastal areas, much attention is paid to the efficient use of underground space.But with the excavations being dug deeper and deeper, the geotechnical conditions of the stratum become more and more complex.This situation leads to a series of problems in the aspect of safety and economy, which need to be solved quickly.So, referring to the project of Singapore Maritime Museum, it is introduced in detail the design and calculation- analysis of the envelope structure ofthree walls unified into one, it is expected to provide guidance for design and construction of excavations．
2012, 42(9): 20-25.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209005
Abstract:
Singapore Maritime Museum was constructed on the reclaimed land by the sea.There was a big construction risk in the stage of foundation excavation.Inappropriate construction control measures would lead to large deformation of the support structure for excavation and groundwater flowing into the excavation.So, it was necessary to carry out information construction with the centre of risk control during the whole process of deep excavation． Referring to this project, it is introduced in detail the successful application of information monitoring technology in the project from the aspects of horizontal displacement of the sea walls, horizontal deformation of excavation lateral soil, the water level of the soil and the environmental vibration of construction site．
Singapore Maritime Museum was constructed on the reclaimed land by the sea.There was a big construction risk in the stage of foundation excavation.Inappropriate construction control measures would lead to large deformation of the support structure for excavation and groundwater flowing into the excavation.So, it was necessary to carry out information construction with the centre of risk control during the whole process of deep excavation． Referring to this project, it is introduced in detail the successful application of information monitoring technology in the project from the aspects of horizontal displacement of the sea walls, horizontal deformation of excavation lateral soil, the water level of the soil and the environmental vibration of construction site．
2012, 42(9): 26-29.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209006
Abstract:
In recent years, the countries all over the world extend the concepts ofgreenandlow carbonto every corner of the construction field, and put forward different green building goals and green building measures． According to the requirements for green buildings, especially green construction by the government of Singapore, green construction practice was carried out in Singapore Universal Studios Project.And many innovations of technology and management were developed based on the practice.It is introduced green construction's idea and technology and the work of management innovation.And it also compares and analyses the evaluation standard of green construction between China and Singapore．
In recent years, the countries all over the world extend the concepts ofgreenandlow carbonto every corner of the construction field, and put forward different green building goals and green building measures． According to the requirements for green buildings, especially green construction by the government of Singapore, green construction practice was carried out in Singapore Universal Studios Project.And many innovations of technology and management were developed based on the practice.It is introduced green construction's idea and technology and the work of management innovation.And it also compares and analyses the evaluation standard of green construction between China and Singapore．
2012, 42(9): 30-33,29.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209007
Abstract:
The controllable water-discharging pressure relief technology system on anti-floating of structures is the results with independent innovation of the system, which is based on scientific research and engineering practice.In the process of specific application, this technology keeps updating and improving by absorbing the new practice experience.It is introduced the new development of the technology comprehensively, and made deeper research on its applicability, hoping to promote its application in project implementation．
The controllable water-discharging pressure relief technology system on anti-floating of structures is the results with independent innovation of the system, which is based on scientific research and engineering practice.In the process of specific application, this technology keeps updating and improving by absorbing the new practice experience.It is introduced the new development of the technology comprehensively, and made deeper research on its applicability, hoping to promote its application in project implementation．
2012, 42(9): 34-38.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209008
Abstract:
It is introduced in detail the related design of the maintenance system of a steel roof firstly.Then, related test equipment and testing procedures are designed to simulate the state of the steel roof affected by the wind.Finally, some methods are proposed to determine the rationality of the design of metal roof system．
It is introduced in detail the related design of the maintenance system of a steel roof firstly.Then, related test equipment and testing procedures are designed to simulate the state of the steel roof affected by the wind.Finally, some methods are proposed to determine the rationality of the design of metal roof system．
2012, 42(9): 39-41.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209009
Abstract:
Tense duration and rapid transfer of engineering material resulted in a lot of cross work and complicated problems in Singapore Universal Studio Project.There are a lot of work coordination information from different levels continuously, which make higher requirement to the job of information management.So, the key to ensure the project's success is to build an unimpeded and effective system for information transfer, as well sharing and dealing with information scientifically.It is told in detail the development, application and main function of the information system in Singapore Universal Studio Project, which will offer a guidance for other information management of the follow-up projects in the future．
Tense duration and rapid transfer of engineering material resulted in a lot of cross work and complicated problems in Singapore Universal Studio Project.There are a lot of work coordination information from different levels continuously, which make higher requirement to the job of information management.So, the key to ensure the project's success is to build an unimpeded and effective system for information transfer, as well sharing and dealing with information scientifically.It is told in detail the development, application and main function of the information system in Singapore Universal Studio Project, which will offer a guidance for other information management of the follow-up projects in the future．
2012, 42(9): 42-45,19.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209010
Abstract:
Refer to the practice from the procedure of Building Construction Authority (BCA) of Singapore in the excavation engineering of Resorts World Singapore, supervision and management system to excavation engineering of the Singapore BCA is comprehensively reviewed, which can promote the innovation in the management system of excavation engineering of China．
Refer to the practice from the procedure of Building Construction Authority (BCA) of Singapore in the excavation engineering of Resorts World Singapore, supervision and management system to excavation engineering of the Singapore BCA is comprehensively reviewed, which can promote the innovation in the management system of excavation engineering of China．
2012, 42(9): 46-50,14.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209011
Abstract:
From a perspective of human ecology, the ways of preservation and regeneration of historic areas in cities which are of larger scales than those of historic buildings and streets are explored; and the variety of human ecology, the issues which are related to the situation of the preservation and regeneration of the historic areas in China, the principles, public participation and cooperation with architects are discussed．
From a perspective of human ecology, the ways of preservation and regeneration of historic areas in cities which are of larger scales than those of historic buildings and streets are explored; and the variety of human ecology, the issues which are related to the situation of the preservation and regeneration of the historic areas in China, the principles, public participation and cooperation with architects are discussed．
2012, 42(9): 51-55.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209012
Abstract:
Taking the design of Shanghai Xinhuadong International Office Building for example, it is explored the way to design the high-rise office buildings on the background of high-density and small land parcel in city from the angle of urban design.Firstly, it is explored the master plan of Shanghai Xinhuadong International Office Building based on the sunshine analysis.Secondly, it is probed into the effective methods to improve the environment qualities of the public spaces nearly to the ground of the high-rise office building combining with theory of microfilming strategy Finally, it is concluded that in the design of a high-rise office building in this kind of environment much attention should be paid to the microfilming compartmentalize, opening hole, human nature and meticulous treatment in order to attain harmonious relations with the city．
Taking the design of Shanghai Xinhuadong International Office Building for example, it is explored the way to design the high-rise office buildings on the background of high-density and small land parcel in city from the angle of urban design.Firstly, it is explored the master plan of Shanghai Xinhuadong International Office Building based on the sunshine analysis.Secondly, it is probed into the effective methods to improve the environment qualities of the public spaces nearly to the ground of the high-rise office building combining with theory of microfilming strategy Finally, it is concluded that in the design of a high-rise office building in this kind of environment much attention should be paid to the microfilming compartmentalize, opening hole, human nature and meticulous treatment in order to attain harmonious relations with the city．
2012, 42(9): 56-60.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209013
Abstract:
In order to solve existing problems of performance index and seismic design of main buildings for thermal power plants, experimental study on the seismic performance was conducted, and displacement-based seismic design (DBSD) method was proposed.Damaged pattern and deformation performance index under different intensities earthquake effect were given through the experiment study, seismic performance objectives were confirmed at the same time.Performance levels were quantified with storey drift ratios.Application key points and procedure of the DBSD method were determined for main building design.It was used to calculate one main building in different performance levels.The results show that the DBSD method can effectively ensure safety of the structure and equipment in different earthquake action, especially structural damage control under the strong earthquakes.The design index given in the paper can meet the demands, which can provide reference and application for similar engineering design．
In order to solve existing problems of performance index and seismic design of main buildings for thermal power plants, experimental study on the seismic performance was conducted, and displacement-based seismic design (DBSD) method was proposed.Damaged pattern and deformation performance index under different intensities earthquake effect were given through the experiment study, seismic performance objectives were confirmed at the same time.Performance levels were quantified with storey drift ratios.Application key points and procedure of the DBSD method were determined for main building design.It was used to calculate one main building in different performance levels.The results show that the DBSD method can effectively ensure safety of the structure and equipment in different earthquake action, especially structural damage control under the strong earthquakes.The design index given in the paper can meet the demands, which can provide reference and application for similar engineering design．
2012, 42(9): 61-65.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209014
Abstract:
In order to promote the application of wavelet theory in structural computation, Daubechies wavelet Galerkin method is studied to computate the structural fundamental components.Because the displacement curve solved by the present Daubechies wavelet Galerkin method is not continuous, computation of high precision is hard to conduct.combining with generalized variational principle and Lagrangian multiplier method, Daubechies wavelet Galerkin method could be modified to form Daubechies conditional wavelet Galerkin method to be employed in structural computation.Taking the structural fundamental componentsbar and beam for examples, the construction of Daubechies conditional wavelet Galerkin method is elaborated.And the new method is compared with common FEM and present Daubechies wavelet Galerkin method at the same time.Typical computation examples were used to verify the accuracy of Daubechies conditional wavelet Galerkin method．
In order to promote the application of wavelet theory in structural computation, Daubechies wavelet Galerkin method is studied to computate the structural fundamental components.Because the displacement curve solved by the present Daubechies wavelet Galerkin method is not continuous, computation of high precision is hard to conduct.combining with generalized variational principle and Lagrangian multiplier method, Daubechies wavelet Galerkin method could be modified to form Daubechies conditional wavelet Galerkin method to be employed in structural computation.Taking the structural fundamental componentsbar and beam for examples, the construction of Daubechies conditional wavelet Galerkin method is elaborated.And the new method is compared with common FEM and present Daubechies wavelet Galerkin method at the same time.Typical computation examples were used to verify the accuracy of Daubechies conditional wavelet Galerkin method．
2012, 42(9): 66-70,78.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209015
Abstract:
By experiment with the reinforced concrete beams of concrete strength grade of C30, recycled aggregate replacement ratios of 0%, 50% and 70%, and having 9 HRB500 bars, different recycled aggregate replacement ratios, different shear span ratios, the failure mode, the final shape and width of the cracks, deformation, the steel strain, shear capacity and other properties were studied.Experiments show that when the shear span ratio = 1.5, the failure process and crack development failure mode of the recycled concrete beam is the same with the ordinary concrete beam, and when the shear span ratio = 2.5, 3.0, the failure process and development of cracks is similar, and the failure mode tends to ductile failure.The bearing capacity of shear load within the inclined section of the recycled aggregate concrete beam is not reduced, and the recycled aggregate replacement ratios have little effect on it.The theoretical formula of the bearing capacity of shear load within the inclined section for the ordinary concrete beam is also applied to the recycled concrete beam.It is advised that the design shear span ratio of the recycled concrete beam is around 2.5．
By experiment with the reinforced concrete beams of concrete strength grade of C30, recycled aggregate replacement ratios of 0%, 50% and 70%, and having 9 HRB500 bars, different recycled aggregate replacement ratios, different shear span ratios, the failure mode, the final shape and width of the cracks, deformation, the steel strain, shear capacity and other properties were studied.Experiments show that when the shear span ratio = 1.5, the failure process and crack development failure mode of the recycled concrete beam is the same with the ordinary concrete beam, and when the shear span ratio = 2.5, 3.0, the failure process and development of cracks is similar, and the failure mode tends to ductile failure.The bearing capacity of shear load within the inclined section of the recycled aggregate concrete beam is not reduced, and the recycled aggregate replacement ratios have little effect on it.The theoretical formula of the bearing capacity of shear load within the inclined section for the ordinary concrete beam is also applied to the recycled concrete beam.It is advised that the design shear span ratio of the recycled concrete beam is around 2.5．
2012, 42(9): 71-74.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209016
Abstract:
Analysis of prestress loss of concrete structure strengthened with prestressed CFRP plates in tension and using stage is one of the key problems of prestressed CFRP plate technology.Based on the analysis and summary for the existing reinforcement technology of prestressed CFRP plates, using our current Code for Design of Concrete Structure for reference, separately calculate the prestress loss of CFRP plates used to strengthen concrete structures, and present the calculation method of every prestress loss.The estimated value for prestress loss of concrete structure strengthened with prestressed CFRP plates is suggested to be 10% ～ 15% tension control stress based on test．
Analysis of prestress loss of concrete structure strengthened with prestressed CFRP plates in tension and using stage is one of the key problems of prestressed CFRP plate technology.Based on the analysis and summary for the existing reinforcement technology of prestressed CFRP plates, using our current Code for Design of Concrete Structure for reference, separately calculate the prestress loss of CFRP plates used to strengthen concrete structures, and present the calculation method of every prestress loss.The estimated value for prestress loss of concrete structure strengthened with prestressed CFRP plates is suggested to be 10% ～ 15% tension control stress based on test．
2012, 42(9): 75-78.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209017
Abstract:
The ends of reinforced concrete (RC) frame members are often modeled with rigid zones in the response analysis of RC frame structures, considering the relatively large stiffness of node panels.The seismic response and damage progress of RC frame structures are significantly influenced by the settings of rigid zones.In this paper the effect of different setting methods for rigid zones is investigated by flexibility-based finite fiber element analysis, and advices are also proposed with the design practice in China taken into account．
The ends of reinforced concrete (RC) frame members are often modeled with rigid zones in the response analysis of RC frame structures, considering the relatively large stiffness of node panels.The seismic response and damage progress of RC frame structures are significantly influenced by the settings of rigid zones.In this paper the effect of different setting methods for rigid zones is investigated by flexibility-based finite fiber element analysis, and advices are also proposed with the design practice in China taken into account．
2012, 42(9): 79-83.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209018
Abstract:
In order to study shear bearing capacity of the steel reinforced concrete T-shaped columns in negative moment zone, 4 specimens with different shear span ratios, steel form, stirrup ratios and sectional form were designed and produced to carry out monotonic static loading test.A series of important data were captured including concrete strain, steel strain, angle steel strain, mid-span deflection and the curves of shear-deflection, load-strain were drawn, concrete strain distribution along section height was given.Shear ductility was analyzed with energy equivalent method, and the impact of parameters on the shear capacity was investigated, the formula for calculating capacity was proposed.It is shown that bending shear failure and shear bond damage occurred on the speimens.Average concrete strain of T-shaped section along section height conformed plane section assumption.Based on superposition method, the calculation formula of shear capacity could be used to calculate shear strength of inclined section in steel reinforced concrete T-shaped columns．
In order to study shear bearing capacity of the steel reinforced concrete T-shaped columns in negative moment zone, 4 specimens with different shear span ratios, steel form, stirrup ratios and sectional form were designed and produced to carry out monotonic static loading test.A series of important data were captured including concrete strain, steel strain, angle steel strain, mid-span deflection and the curves of shear-deflection, load-strain were drawn, concrete strain distribution along section height was given.Shear ductility was analyzed with energy equivalent method, and the impact of parameters on the shear capacity was investigated, the formula for calculating capacity was proposed.It is shown that bending shear failure and shear bond damage occurred on the speimens.Average concrete strain of T-shaped section along section height conformed plane section assumption.Based on superposition method, the calculation formula of shear capacity could be used to calculate shear strength of inclined section in steel reinforced concrete T-shaped columns．
2012, 42(9): 84-89.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209019
Abstract:
Because of high costs of field test and difficulty to do destructive test, the indoor model test of karst area rock-socked pile to study on bearing capacity is necessary.Through the simplification for the system of rock-socked pile and bedrock, two test schemes of integrated model and central symmetry model were put forward.comparing with the field test, the model test results showed that the two schemes were feasible to simulate actual projects.Through comparing with the test results, the difficult degree of practical operation, and economic indexes, the central symmetry model test scheme was recommended．
Because of high costs of field test and difficulty to do destructive test, the indoor model test of karst area rock-socked pile to study on bearing capacity is necessary.Through the simplification for the system of rock-socked pile and bedrock, two test schemes of integrated model and central symmetry model were put forward.comparing with the field test, the model test results showed that the two schemes were feasible to simulate actual projects.Through comparing with the test results, the difficult degree of practical operation, and economic indexes, the central symmetry model test scheme was recommended．
2012, 42(9): 90-95,60.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209020
Abstract:
In this paper, earth pressure on the retaining structure due to surcharge near the excavation was analyzed, and the proposals from different technical codes were compared.The location of the maximum additional pressure was determined according to the theoretical elastic solution.The influence of soil friction angle and cohesion c on elastic-plastic solution of the additional earth pressure was investigated by using finite element method, and it was found that the additional earth pressure and the static pressure were directly proportional.For layered soil, the additional earth pressure was compared with that for homogeneous soil and their difference was shown.When the surcharge was caused by buried foundation nearby, the influence of the embedment depth of the foundation on the additional earth pressure was analyzed．
In this paper, earth pressure on the retaining structure due to surcharge near the excavation was analyzed, and the proposals from different technical codes were compared.The location of the maximum additional pressure was determined according to the theoretical elastic solution.The influence of soil friction angle and cohesion c on elastic-plastic solution of the additional earth pressure was investigated by using finite element method, and it was found that the additional earth pressure and the static pressure were directly proportional.For layered soil, the additional earth pressure was compared with that for homogeneous soil and their difference was shown.When the surcharge was caused by buried foundation nearby, the influence of the embedment depth of the foundation on the additional earth pressure was analyzed．
2012, 42(9): 96-102.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209021
Abstract:
Based on the indoor model test, the stability analysis of the rock mass in karst area affected by pile was carried out by numerical simulation with the finite difference method.From the calculation results, it was obtained the changing procedure of the stress and the internal strain of the rock mass around the karst cave under pile load and the failure surface position, and put forward the effective stability criterion of the pile in karst area.It was also summarized the failure mode and failure mechanism of piles foundation in karst area, including pile foundation damage and the surrounding rock mass failure of the cave.The failure mode was mainly affected by the size of the karst cave, the load location, the roof thickness, and etc, in which the roof thickness was the main influence factors
Based on the indoor model test, the stability analysis of the rock mass in karst area affected by pile was carried out by numerical simulation with the finite difference method.From the calculation results, it was obtained the changing procedure of the stress and the internal strain of the rock mass around the karst cave under pile load and the failure surface position, and put forward the effective stability criterion of the pile in karst area.It was also summarized the failure mode and failure mechanism of piles foundation in karst area, including pile foundation damage and the surrounding rock mass failure of the cave.The failure mode was mainly affected by the size of the karst cave, the load location, the roof thickness, and etc, in which the roof thickness was the main influence factors
2012, 42(9): 103-106.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209022
Abstract:
Pedestal concrete pile is by Technical Code of Building Pile Foundation.(JGJ 942008), which is a new development of concrete pedestal pile technology.This new kind of pile has the advantage of higher bearing capacity and simpler driving procedure.The higher bearing capacity derives mainly from two aspects: one is the rammed dry concrete base and the other is the compacted end bearing stratum by fillers.The bearing mechanism of this pile was expounded and practical formula of calculating bearing capacity of single pile was proposed．
Pedestal concrete pile is by Technical Code of Building Pile Foundation.(JGJ 942008), which is a new development of concrete pedestal pile technology.This new kind of pile has the advantage of higher bearing capacity and simpler driving procedure.The higher bearing capacity derives mainly from two aspects: one is the rammed dry concrete base and the other is the compacted end bearing stratum by fillers.The bearing mechanism of this pile was expounded and practical formula of calculating bearing capacity of single pile was proposed．
2012, 42(9): 107-109,161.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209023
Abstract:
It was analyzed that the applied principles of wavelet probabilistic neural network (WPNN) and data fusion technique in the prediction of single pile vertical bearing capacity, and a prediction model based on WPNN and data fusion technique was set up.This model was examined by the static load test data of tall buildings, and according to the measured data of long-term projects.The error analysis of the predicted values was also carried out by selecting typical specimens, the results showed that the predicted data agreed well with those of the static load test, which verified the better reliability and applied value of WPNN prediction method．
It was analyzed that the applied principles of wavelet probabilistic neural network (WPNN) and data fusion technique in the prediction of single pile vertical bearing capacity, and a prediction model based on WPNN and data fusion technique was set up.This model was examined by the static load test data of tall buildings, and according to the measured data of long-term projects.The error analysis of the predicted values was also carried out by selecting typical specimens, the results showed that the predicted data agreed well with those of the static load test, which verified the better reliability and applied value of WPNN prediction method．
2012, 42(9): 110-115.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209024
Abstract:
By way of soaking in laboratory, it is studied the laws of the chloride ion diffusion and distribution in the concrete with the different strength grades under the action of the stress and chlorideion eroding, through rapid chloride ion eroding experiments on the Portland cement specimens with the different water cement ratios on condition of the different pressure and tensile stress.It can be drawn that the chloride ion content will decrease with the increase of the compressive stress at the same depth.But it will increase with the increase of the tensile stress． However, this effect will gradually weaken with the increases of the cover thickness.High strength concrete is more sensitive to the stress in resisting chloride ion eroding.And the distribution of the chloride ion at the different depth under the different stress states in the concrete can be known from the laws, which is of benefit to the analysis of steel corrosion rate and deducing the chloride ion diffusivity．
By way of soaking in laboratory, it is studied the laws of the chloride ion diffusion and distribution in the concrete with the different strength grades under the action of the stress and chlorideion eroding, through rapid chloride ion eroding experiments on the Portland cement specimens with the different water cement ratios on condition of the different pressure and tensile stress.It can be drawn that the chloride ion content will decrease with the increase of the compressive stress at the same depth.But it will increase with the increase of the tensile stress． However, this effect will gradually weaken with the increases of the cover thickness.High strength concrete is more sensitive to the stress in resisting chloride ion eroding.And the distribution of the chloride ion at the different depth under the different stress states in the concrete can be known from the laws, which is of benefit to the analysis of steel corrosion rate and deducing the chloride ion diffusivity．
2012, 42(9): 116-119.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209025
Abstract:
100 mm Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus was applied to study the dynamic mechanical properties of AFRP(aramid fiber-reinforced plastic) confined concrete.The comprehensive evaluation system consisted of peak strain method and characteristics point method was selected to analyse the dynamic compressive toughness of AFRP concrete.It was found out that the dynamic compressive toughness of AFRP confined concrete made by different strength of concrete would increase with the increased strain rate; AFRP confined concrete could increase the dynamic peak strain; the confined effect could improve the dynamic compressive toughness of concrete obviously as well as to increase the antiimpact mechanical properties．
100 mm Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus was applied to study the dynamic mechanical properties of AFRP(aramid fiber-reinforced plastic) confined concrete.The comprehensive evaluation system consisted of peak strain method and characteristics point method was selected to analyse the dynamic compressive toughness of AFRP concrete.It was found out that the dynamic compressive toughness of AFRP confined concrete made by different strength of concrete would increase with the increased strain rate; AFRP confined concrete could increase the dynamic peak strain; the confined effect could improve the dynamic compressive toughness of concrete obviously as well as to increase the antiimpact mechanical properties．
2012, 42(9): 120-124.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209026
Abstract:
Some temporary support structures are often installed on steel webs to ensure construction safety for PC composite box-girder bridge with corrugated steel webs during cantilever construction.To overcome the disadvantage of large space occupation for temporary frame, a new supporting structure consisted of strong stiffness steel tubs is presented.This supporting method has simple structure and small space occupation.In order to compare the two schemes, static analysis and eigenvalue calculation were conducted by using 3D finite element numerical simulation in view of these two schemes.The calculated results show that temporary frame can not improve mechanical performance in evidence of corrugated steel webs in spite of its validation in construction of steel-concrete composite box-girder bridge, but supports with steel tubes can increase buckling strength of corrugated steel webs in cantilever state efficiently．
Some temporary support structures are often installed on steel webs to ensure construction safety for PC composite box-girder bridge with corrugated steel webs during cantilever construction.To overcome the disadvantage of large space occupation for temporary frame, a new supporting structure consisted of strong stiffness steel tubs is presented.This supporting method has simple structure and small space occupation.In order to compare the two schemes, static analysis and eigenvalue calculation were conducted by using 3D finite element numerical simulation in view of these two schemes.The calculated results show that temporary frame can not improve mechanical performance in evidence of corrugated steel webs in spite of its validation in construction of steel-concrete composite box-girder bridge, but supports with steel tubes can increase buckling strength of corrugated steel webs in cantilever state efficiently．
2012, 42(9): 125-128.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209027
Abstract:
The Liaocheng Railway Station was rebuilt in May, 2010.Beam string was used for the new platform． Semi-span installation was used for beam string, and high roller-oriented traction installation method used for the prestressing cables.The installation method solved the limitations of the cable installation space and ensure the safe distance during construction.It was introduced in detail the construction technology of prestressed cable.Through a comparison between the simulated data and measured results, applying of the prestress could meet the requirements of the design and satisfy the provisions of the relevant norms and standards.The construction technology and characteristics of this structure were proposed, which provided experience for reforming railway station auning with similar structure．
The Liaocheng Railway Station was rebuilt in May, 2010.Beam string was used for the new platform． Semi-span installation was used for beam string, and high roller-oriented traction installation method used for the prestressing cables.The installation method solved the limitations of the cable installation space and ensure the safe distance during construction.It was introduced in detail the construction technology of prestressed cable.Through a comparison between the simulated data and measured results, applying of the prestress could meet the requirements of the design and satisfy the provisions of the relevant norms and standards.The construction technology and characteristics of this structure were proposed, which provided experience for reforming railway station auning with similar structure．
2012, 42(9): 129-133.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209028
Abstract:
Brick red ceramic plate curtain wall system was adopted in Century Hall in Tsinghua University creatively． As the ceramic plate curtain wall modeling is very complicated in some area, the steel structural composite truss bracing system is employed.It leads to difficult construction.Innovations and improvements were made on connections, building-up process, lugs and connection modes.It has advantages of ensuring construction quality and construction period．
Brick red ceramic plate curtain wall system was adopted in Century Hall in Tsinghua University creatively． As the ceramic plate curtain wall modeling is very complicated in some area, the steel structural composite truss bracing system is employed.It leads to difficult construction.Innovations and improvements were made on connections, building-up process, lugs and connection modes.It has advantages of ensuring construction quality and construction period．
2012, 42(9): 134-137.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209029
Abstract:
The meticulous designing is the key to the promotion of sound development of the steel structural industry, and the correct selection of structural system is the guarantee of urgency to the meticulous designing.It was ex pounded the content of the scientific selection of structural system and their important influential factors.At the same time, it was explained the closed relationship between architecture and structure in the different period.At last, it was appealed to the architects and structural engineers to create the morden meticulous designs together．
The meticulous designing is the key to the promotion of sound development of the steel structural industry, and the correct selection of structural system is the guarantee of urgency to the meticulous designing.It was ex pounded the content of the scientific selection of structural system and their important influential factors.At the same time, it was explained the closed relationship between architecture and structure in the different period.At last, it was appealed to the architects and structural engineers to create the morden meticulous designs together．
2012, 42(9): 138-144,119.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209030
Abstract:
Local buckling of I-sections in compression and bending was investigated.Exact buckling coefficients of the web plate in axial compression was determined by the buckling theory of plates; And when under both axial compression and bending moment, FEA was used to determine the buckling stress.Approximate formulas with excellent accuracy for the web plate in axial compression or in the bending moment were proposed, Under the axial compression and bending moment, a interaction relation between the axial stress and the bending stress was proposed．
Local buckling of I-sections in compression and bending was investigated.Exact buckling coefficients of the web plate in axial compression was determined by the buckling theory of plates; And when under both axial compression and bending moment, FEA was used to determine the buckling stress.Approximate formulas with excellent accuracy for the web plate in axial compression or in the bending moment were proposed, Under the axial compression and bending moment, a interaction relation between the axial stress and the bending stress was proposed．
2012, 42(9): 145-149.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209031
Abstract:
Taking the widening flange section, side-plate reinforced section, flange-plate reinforced section, coverplate reinforced section, reduced beamed section, and ordinary section as research objects, it was made a comparative analysis of the possibility of brittle fracture for six typical rigid joints in steel structure.Establishing the model by non-linear finite element method, with both the plastic equivalent strain index(PI) and rupture index(RI) serving as determinate indicators, it was compared the stress distribution for all kinds of joints and analyzed the rupture parameters between three appointed paths and four critical points.In addition, it was also conducted a comprehensive analysis of the difference in brittle facture characteristics among the six typical rigid joints, and told the key sites where the fractures were easy to occur, based on which, it was to concluded that the capability of avoiding brittle fracture of the flange-plate reinforced joints was superior to the others．
Taking the widening flange section, side-plate reinforced section, flange-plate reinforced section, coverplate reinforced section, reduced beamed section, and ordinary section as research objects, it was made a comparative analysis of the possibility of brittle fracture for six typical rigid joints in steel structure.Establishing the model by non-linear finite element method, with both the plastic equivalent strain index(PI) and rupture index(RI) serving as determinate indicators, it was compared the stress distribution for all kinds of joints and analyzed the rupture parameters between three appointed paths and four critical points.In addition, it was also conducted a comprehensive analysis of the difference in brittle facture characteristics among the six typical rigid joints, and told the key sites where the fractures were easy to occur, based on which, it was to concluded that the capability of avoiding brittle fracture of the flange-plate reinforced joints was superior to the others．
2012, 42(9): 150-156,124.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209032
Abstract:
It was researched shear behavior of cellular beam with web opening and cellular composite beam considering the action of concrete slab.Based on the test, a reasonable finite element model was established.The cellular composite beam of different opening rates, flange sizes, concrete slab sizes and connection degrees was analyzed.The results show that the flange width variation has little effect on shear strength, but the thickness variation has great effect on it while the degree has the connection with hole size and form.Concrete slab and connection degree can't be ignored for the shear strength of cellular composite beam.It was given the shear strength calculation method of the cellular beam and cellular composite beam; by analyzing the cellular composite beam stress performance of different shear span ratios, the formula of bending-shearing can be got; by improving hole vertical position, the bearing capacity also can be improved．
It was researched shear behavior of cellular beam with web opening and cellular composite beam considering the action of concrete slab.Based on the test, a reasonable finite element model was established.The cellular composite beam of different opening rates, flange sizes, concrete slab sizes and connection degrees was analyzed.The results show that the flange width variation has little effect on shear strength, but the thickness variation has great effect on it while the degree has the connection with hole size and form.Concrete slab and connection degree can't be ignored for the shear strength of cellular composite beam.It was given the shear strength calculation method of the cellular beam and cellular composite beam; by analyzing the cellular composite beam stress performance of different shear span ratios, the formula of bending-shearing can be got; by improving hole vertical position, the bearing capacity also can be improved．
2012, 42(9): 157-161.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209033
Abstract:
For a high-rise building, a large steel trestle was designed, complex support between the column spacing was erected; connect boom connecting with column at the support plane was set, horizontal connecting rod and inclined plane pole were also set to ensure the stability of support.Midas Gen Ver.780 software was used to check and analyze the trestle, the result was that the maximum beam stress was 112.7 MPa, the maximum deformation was 14.3 mm, which showed that the steel trestle structure was safe and reliable.The monitoring data during construction showed that the maximum beam stress was 99.2 MPa, the maximum deformation was 12.2 mm, Actual stress and deformation were smaller than the software simulation, mostly because the role of the stiffening plate was ignored and the most unfavorable load combination effects were larger than the actual load etc．
For a high-rise building, a large steel trestle was designed, complex support between the column spacing was erected; connect boom connecting with column at the support plane was set, horizontal connecting rod and inclined plane pole were also set to ensure the stability of support.Midas Gen Ver.780 software was used to check and analyze the trestle, the result was that the maximum beam stress was 112.7 MPa, the maximum deformation was 14.3 mm, which showed that the steel trestle structure was safe and reliable.The monitoring data during construction showed that the maximum beam stress was 99.2 MPa, the maximum deformation was 12.2 mm, Actual stress and deformation were smaller than the software simulation, mostly because the role of the stiffening plate was ignored and the most unfavorable load combination effects were larger than the actual load etc．
2012, 42(9): 162-166.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209034
Abstract:
As the important cultural center in the Tiananmen Square, The old China National Museum constructed in 1950's year had not fit in with the needs of modern cultural propaganda.Since 2004, t he seven years extension project of the China National Museum has brought new vigor to the historical and cultural construction.Through the careful design of the connection of the old building and the new building, the museum has been converted into a complete and modern large-scale exhibition building meeting the requirement of modern life, in which the original with precious historical value in the historical building has been protected as much as possible．
As the important cultural center in the Tiananmen Square, The old China National Museum constructed in 1950's year had not fit in with the needs of modern cultural propaganda.Since 2004, t he seven years extension project of the China National Museum has brought new vigor to the historical and cultural construction.Through the careful design of the connection of the old building and the new building, the museum has been converted into a complete and modern large-scale exhibition building meeting the requirement of modern life, in which the original with precious historical value in the historical building has been protected as much as possible．
2012, 42(9): 167-172,137.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209035
Abstract:
It was presented that the caisson construction technique, instability causes and rectification treatment procedure of a swirl pool.It was investigated and analyzed the construction organization, design, construction technique and the actual geological condition of this caisson project according to the instability tilt of the RC swirl pool during its construction, as well as found out the problems of the caisson during construction, and also the causes leading to the instability tilt of the caisson.It was found by the forced analysis of the instable caisson that the center of gravity of the caisson was still within the circle of angle of throat on the bottom of the caisson.In order to ensure the position of the rectified caisson to be basically the same as that of its original design, the rectification scheme was determined, i.e.the caisson would go back gradually to its correct position by relying on self-weight and limit constraints resulting from erecting piles and reaction platform respectively in the southeast and northwest corners of the caisson as well as by imbalance excavation．
It was presented that the caisson construction technique, instability causes and rectification treatment procedure of a swirl pool.It was investigated and analyzed the construction organization, design, construction technique and the actual geological condition of this caisson project according to the instability tilt of the RC swirl pool during its construction, as well as found out the problems of the caisson during construction, and also the causes leading to the instability tilt of the caisson.It was found by the forced analysis of the instable caisson that the center of gravity of the caisson was still within the circle of angle of throat on the bottom of the caisson.In order to ensure the position of the rectified caisson to be basically the same as that of its original design, the rectification scheme was determined, i.e.the caisson would go back gradually to its correct position by relying on self-weight and limit constraints resulting from erecting piles and reaction platform respectively in the southeast and northwest corners of the caisson as well as by imbalance excavation．
2012, 42(9): 173-177,102.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209036
Abstract:
The cross-era, cross-cultural and interdisciplinary relations are present in the idea, material and space of Chinese classical gardens and Steven Holl's phenomenological architecture.The responses to the human being, perception and action reflect the correspondence on consciousness and construction between them.By reconsidering the intersection of traditional Chinese construction view and contemporary construction culture, and rethinking the essence of construction, the reveal of correlation has inspiration to the contemporary creation of architecture and garden．
The cross-era, cross-cultural and interdisciplinary relations are present in the idea, material and space of Chinese classical gardens and Steven Holl's phenomenological architecture.The responses to the human being, perception and action reflect the correspondence on consciousness and construction between them.By reconsidering the intersection of traditional Chinese construction view and contemporary construction culture, and rethinking the essence of construction, the reveal of correlation has inspiration to the contemporary creation of architecture and garden．
2012, 42(9): 178-180.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201209037
Abstract:
Thedematerializationtendency refers to the process, which is with the progress of the times and technology development, the architecture materials constantly go beyond the basic material properties, from seeking light and transparent, translucent to seek image, particle, informatization.In this process, materials gradually get rid of the absoluteheavymaterial which is absolute, one-way, and deterrent, out of environmental, into the relative light materials of transparent, fuzzy, multidirectional, and environmental．
Thedematerializationtendency refers to the process, which is with the progress of the times and technology development, the architecture materials constantly go beyond the basic material properties, from seeking light and transparent, translucent to seek image, particle, informatization.In this process, materials gradually get rid of the absoluteheavymaterial which is absolute, one-way, and deterrent, out of environmental, into the relative light materials of transparent, fuzzy, multidirectional, and environmental．
