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2014 Vol. 44, No. 05
Display Method:
THE REFLECTION OF SOCIAL CULTURE IDEAS OF INTERIOR SPACE AND ORDER OF HUIZHOU ANCIENT FOLK DWELLINGS
2014, 44(05): 7-11.
Abstract:
The ancient Huizhou dwellings have distinctive geographical cultural features and are witness of the social history and culture characters of ancient Huizhou． The interior space and structure order of the ancient Huizhou dwellings reflects the religious ＆ legal system and ideology of ancient Huizhou． Huizhou merchants special cultural character has formed the unique artistic charm of the interior design to the ancient Huizhou dwellings．
The ancient Huizhou dwellings have distinctive geographical cultural features and are witness of the social history and culture characters of ancient Huizhou． The interior space and structure order of the ancient Huizhou dwellings reflects the religious ＆ legal system and ideology of ancient Huizhou． Huizhou merchants special cultural character has formed the unique artistic charm of the interior design to the ancient Huizhou dwellings．
2014, 44(05): 16-20.
Abstract:
There are many ancient buildings in the region of ancient Huizhou． Protecting and reforming these buildings will benefit the development and utilization of them today． The protection mode can be divided into four mode: whole protection，and original site protection，other site protection，and resuming and rebuilding． In addition， the virtual protection of the ancient buildings is a beneficial supplement for those protecting modes． It makes good use of the computer technique and completes virtual simulation，virtual reappearance and test evaluation to achieve the best overall protection by the way of the data record． After combining protection with utilization，a role of the social value function would be given．
There are many ancient buildings in the region of ancient Huizhou． Protecting and reforming these buildings will benefit the development and utilization of them today． The protection mode can be divided into four mode: whole protection，and original site protection，other site protection，and resuming and rebuilding． In addition， the virtual protection of the ancient buildings is a beneficial supplement for those protecting modes． It makes good use of the computer technique and completes virtual simulation，virtual reappearance and test evaluation to achieve the best overall protection by the way of the data record． After combining protection with utilization，a role of the social value function would be given．
2014, 44(05): 21-26.
Abstract:
Through the comparison of the old and the new activities，it was explored the possibility of functional replacement and tranformation mode for ancient folk dwellings in southern Anhui． It was also studied reconstruction of Southern Anhui ancient folk dwellingss architectural space and expansion countermeasures from the architectural design methods．
Through the comparison of the old and the new activities，it was explored the possibility of functional replacement and tranformation mode for ancient folk dwellings in southern Anhui． It was also studied reconstruction of Southern Anhui ancient folk dwellingss architectural space and expansion countermeasures from the architectural design methods．
2014, 44(05): 37-39.
Abstract:
Huizhou architectures have a very important portion in Chinese architectures history，which have unique regional and cultural characteristics． Through studying the characteristics of Huizhou architectures，the direct effect can be made better in designing the regional architectures to avoid the convergence of architectural style around the world． Analyzing the design of Huatai Parking Garage in Jiuhua Mountain，it could be drawn a conclusion that the modern architectural design could be effectively combined with regional characteristics． It has been also summarized the specific methods of digestion，absorption，transformation and innovation of the unique features concept of Huizhou traditional architectures．
Huizhou architectures have a very important portion in Chinese architectures history，which have unique regional and cultural characteristics． Through studying the characteristics of Huizhou architectures，the direct effect can be made better in designing the regional architectures to avoid the convergence of architectural style around the world． Analyzing the design of Huatai Parking Garage in Jiuhua Mountain，it could be drawn a conclusion that the modern architectural design could be effectively combined with regional characteristics． It has been also summarized the specific methods of digestion，absorption，transformation and innovation of the unique features concept of Huizhou traditional architectures．
2014, 44(05): 40-44.
Abstract:
The transformation of low-income workers community is an important issue for a city． How to break through the traditional policy and start from the full understanding of the residents is an urgent problem to be solved． In this process，attention should be paid to the cultural construction and reconstruction of value． As a result，the sustainability of transformation can be ensured． The cognitive map is a way to research community microcosmic space image of workers by conducting study on demands of residents． Through summing up the cognitive image of community residents，it is put forward suggestions on rational planning and reconstruction．
The transformation of low-income workers community is an important issue for a city． How to break through the traditional policy and start from the full understanding of the residents is an urgent problem to be solved． In this process，attention should be paid to the cultural construction and reconstruction of value． As a result，the sustainability of transformation can be ensured． The cognitive map is a way to research community microcosmic space image of workers by conducting study on demands of residents． Through summing up the cognitive image of community residents，it is put forward suggestions on rational planning and reconstruction．
2014, 44(05): 45-48.
Abstract:
To investigate the relationship between the continuous cumulative damage and the macroscopic deformation development and destruction of the short pier shear wall，the nonlinear wall element mechanical model considering the cumulative damage was proposed． the experiments of six 1∶ 2 scale L-shaped short pier shear walls subjected to low cyclic loading were conducted． The nonlinear finite program was programmed according to the model，the cumulative damage process of the specimens was simulated using the program． The whole damage value corresponding to the characteristic load，macroscopic deformation state in the test process of the specimens was obtained，which provided reference for the safety assessment of the structure under the cyclic loading． The hysteretic curve of one of the specimens was simulated; the application of the method was feasible proved by the ideal result．
To investigate the relationship between the continuous cumulative damage and the macroscopic deformation development and destruction of the short pier shear wall，the nonlinear wall element mechanical model considering the cumulative damage was proposed． the experiments of six 1∶ 2 scale L-shaped short pier shear walls subjected to low cyclic loading were conducted． The nonlinear finite program was programmed according to the model，the cumulative damage process of the specimens was simulated using the program． The whole damage value corresponding to the characteristic load，macroscopic deformation state in the test process of the specimens was obtained，which provided reference for the safety assessment of the structure under the cyclic loading． The hysteretic curve of one of the specimens was simulated; the application of the method was feasible proved by the ideal result．
2014, 44(05): 49-51.
Abstract:
The paper explored the transmission properties of a new load transfer joint between superposed slabs，static tests of 6 superposed slab specimens with different joint configurations were performed． The whole process from the appearance of cracks to breakage of the slabs was observed，the deflection， shear capacity and plastic hinge were analyzed． The test results showed that the joints performed well which could improve the slabsstiffness and reduce their deflections． The bearing capacity was increased by 13. 3% to 25. 2%; cracks no longer appeared first in the joint． When the maximum cracking width was developed up to 1. 5 mm， there was not plastic hinge． Some proposals for superposed slabsdesign were also put forward．
The paper explored the transmission properties of a new load transfer joint between superposed slabs，static tests of 6 superposed slab specimens with different joint configurations were performed． The whole process from the appearance of cracks to breakage of the slabs was observed，the deflection， shear capacity and plastic hinge were analyzed． The test results showed that the joints performed well which could improve the slabsstiffness and reduce their deflections． The bearing capacity was increased by 13. 3% to 25. 2%; cracks no longer appeared first in the joint． When the maximum cracking width was developed up to 1. 5 mm， there was not plastic hinge． Some proposals for superposed slabsdesign were also put forward．
2014, 44(05): 52-55.
Abstract:
The flexural behaviors of four recycled concrete T-shaped cross-section superposed beams and one natural aggregate concrete T-shaped cross-section superposed beam were contrasted by full-scale test． The experimental results showed the features of the flexural mechanism of these recycled aggregate concrete superposed beams were similar to those of the natural aggregate concrete superposed beams; the plane section assumption of normal section was still applicable for the recycled concrete superposed beams． The currentCode for Design of Concrete Structures ( GB 500102010) was still suitable for calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of the recycled aggregate concrete T-shaped cross-section superposed beams．
The flexural behaviors of four recycled concrete T-shaped cross-section superposed beams and one natural aggregate concrete T-shaped cross-section superposed beam were contrasted by full-scale test． The experimental results showed the features of the flexural mechanism of these recycled aggregate concrete superposed beams were similar to those of the natural aggregate concrete superposed beams; the plane section assumption of normal section was still applicable for the recycled concrete superposed beams． The currentCode for Design of Concrete Structures ( GB 500102010) was still suitable for calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of the recycled aggregate concrete T-shaped cross-section superposed beams．
2014, 44(05): 56-59.
Abstract:
As constraint conditions of the normal section bearing capacity，displacement ductility coefficient，axial compression ratio and construction requirements，based on the MATLAB program，the particle swarm algorithm， interior point penalty function method and object planning method were chosen to actualize the multi-objective optimization of the minimum cost and maximum shear bearing capacity for the steel reinforced high strength concrete frame column． The optimization design would be carried out to an example，meanwhile the comparison of optimization results with original scheme would be made on shear bearing capacity and economic benefits． The analysis results showed that the optimization mathematical model had a proper accuracy for engineering application．
As constraint conditions of the normal section bearing capacity，displacement ductility coefficient，axial compression ratio and construction requirements，based on the MATLAB program，the particle swarm algorithm， interior point penalty function method and object planning method were chosen to actualize the multi-objective optimization of the minimum cost and maximum shear bearing capacity for the steel reinforced high strength concrete frame column． The optimization design would be carried out to an example，meanwhile the comparison of optimization results with original scheme would be made on shear bearing capacity and economic benefits． The analysis results showed that the optimization mathematical model had a proper accuracy for engineering application．
2014, 44(05): 60-64.
Abstract:
Affected by test condition and experiment period，it is feasible for scholars to study relevant science problems by numerical method based on finite element program OpenSees． The representation method ofRC component mechanical property on fibre level was emphatically discussed by weighting the computational cost and computational accuracy，and the nonlinear beam-column element which was established from the method of finite element flexibility and fiber model was taken as basic unit for finite element analysis，then the bond-slip between reinforcement and concrete was simulated by using zero-length element． Taking advantage of object-oriented programming and open source code in OpenSees program，the time variant characteristics of existingRC structure material could be considered by embedding user-defined material，and then the numerical modeling theory which was proved to be reliable for slightly corrodedRC structure was finally established．
Affected by test condition and experiment period，it is feasible for scholars to study relevant science problems by numerical method based on finite element program OpenSees． The representation method ofRC component mechanical property on fibre level was emphatically discussed by weighting the computational cost and computational accuracy，and the nonlinear beam-column element which was established from the method of finite element flexibility and fiber model was taken as basic unit for finite element analysis，then the bond-slip between reinforcement and concrete was simulated by using zero-length element． Taking advantage of object-oriented programming and open source code in OpenSees program，the time variant characteristics of existingRC structure material could be considered by embedding user-defined material，and then the numerical modeling theory which was proved to be reliable for slightly corrodedRC structure was finally established．
2014, 44(05): 69-72.
Abstract:
The hazards caused by the swelling and shrinkage due to the changing water content of expansive soil are common occurrences． Therefore it is of great importance to investigate the improvement of expansive soil． The chemical improving process is one of the common methods． Carbide slag is the main waste of producing acetylene industrially． Stacking the carbide slag is both land-consuming and pollution． This paper investigated the expansive soil improved with carbide slag through indoor experiments． The effect of carbide slag on the physics and mechanics characteristics was evaluated as well as the swell-shrink characteristics of expansive soil． The results indicated that the optimum moisture content increased and the maximum dry density decreased with the increase of carbide slag content． The plastic index of expansive soil increased at first and then decreased with the increase of carbide slag content; the free swelling ratio and the swell capacity and the swelling pressure and the linear shrinkage ratio were decreased with the increase of curing time． The compression modulus was increased with curing time，while the coefficient of compressibility on the contrary; the increasing of shear strength with curing time was largely reflected in the increasing of cohesive force，internal friction angle and unconfined compressive strength with curing time; the 10% carbide slag was the optimum mixing proportions． The scaning result by SEM verified that the strength of the soil increased with curing time，and the swell-shrink characteristics decreased with curing time．
The hazards caused by the swelling and shrinkage due to the changing water content of expansive soil are common occurrences． Therefore it is of great importance to investigate the improvement of expansive soil． The chemical improving process is one of the common methods． Carbide slag is the main waste of producing acetylene industrially． Stacking the carbide slag is both land-consuming and pollution． This paper investigated the expansive soil improved with carbide slag through indoor experiments． The effect of carbide slag on the physics and mechanics characteristics was evaluated as well as the swell-shrink characteristics of expansive soil． The results indicated that the optimum moisture content increased and the maximum dry density decreased with the increase of carbide slag content． The plastic index of expansive soil increased at first and then decreased with the increase of carbide slag content; the free swelling ratio and the swell capacity and the swelling pressure and the linear shrinkage ratio were decreased with the increase of curing time． The compression modulus was increased with curing time，while the coefficient of compressibility on the contrary; the increasing of shear strength with curing time was largely reflected in the increasing of cohesive force，internal friction angle and unconfined compressive strength with curing time; the 10% carbide slag was the optimum mixing proportions． The scaning result by SEM verified that the strength of the soil increased with curing time，and the swell-shrink characteristics decreased with curing time．
2014, 44(05): 90-93.
Abstract:
As a special geotechnical material，sandy pebble soil was studied by more and more researchers． Direct shear test numerical models of sandy pebble soil were built with the help of discrete element method in threedimension， and the numerical results were compared with the experimental data． As sandy pebble soil was not continuous medium in three-dimension with arbitrary shapes，in order to study its shear characteristics better， polyhedral particles were created to simulate sandy pebble soil approximately． The results were compared with the results came from traditional spherical particles simulation． The results showed that polyhedral particles overcame the defect of spherical particles，the simulation with polyhedral particles could reflect the direct shear phenomenon better and be more consistent with the experimental data． Analysis of microparameter sensitivity showed that the peak segment of shear curve was mainly affected by the contact stiffness and the friction coefficient，while the rising speed of shear curve was mainly affected by the contact stiffness．
As a special geotechnical material，sandy pebble soil was studied by more and more researchers． Direct shear test numerical models of sandy pebble soil were built with the help of discrete element method in threedimension， and the numerical results were compared with the experimental data． As sandy pebble soil was not continuous medium in three-dimension with arbitrary shapes，in order to study its shear characteristics better， polyhedral particles were created to simulate sandy pebble soil approximately． The results were compared with the results came from traditional spherical particles simulation． The results showed that polyhedral particles overcame the defect of spherical particles，the simulation with polyhedral particles could reflect the direct shear phenomenon better and be more consistent with the experimental data． Analysis of microparameter sensitivity showed that the peak segment of shear curve was mainly affected by the contact stiffness and the friction coefficient，while the rising speed of shear curve was mainly affected by the contact stiffness．
2014, 44(05): 94-98.
Abstract:
To study the effects of fiber content，water-binder ratio，sand-binder ratio，and fly-ash content，16 groups of ductile high performance concrete specimens were designed for the orthogonal test，whose flexural performance was tested through the four-point bending test． The analysis of first-crack strength，ultimate flexural strength，equivalent flexural strength，and toughness indexes of 16 groups specimens indicated that the fiber content changed the concrete failure mode and greatly improved the concrete bending strength and flexural toughness． The fiber content greatly influenced the flexural behavior，the more fiber content，the higher the bending strength，and toughness． The effects of water-binder ratio，sand-binder ratio，and fly-ash content on the flexural performance were smaller，and the effect of fly-ash content on them was the smallest． When the water-binder ratio was higher than 0. 29，sand-binder ratio was less than 0. 36，the ductile fiber reinforced concrete in the experiment showed a high flexural toughness．
To study the effects of fiber content，water-binder ratio，sand-binder ratio，and fly-ash content，16 groups of ductile high performance concrete specimens were designed for the orthogonal test，whose flexural performance was tested through the four-point bending test． The analysis of first-crack strength，ultimate flexural strength，equivalent flexural strength，and toughness indexes of 16 groups specimens indicated that the fiber content changed the concrete failure mode and greatly improved the concrete bending strength and flexural toughness． The fiber content greatly influenced the flexural behavior，the more fiber content，the higher the bending strength，and toughness． The effects of water-binder ratio，sand-binder ratio，and fly-ash content on the flexural performance were smaller，and the effect of fly-ash content on them was the smallest． When the water-binder ratio was higher than 0. 29，sand-binder ratio was less than 0. 36，the ductile fiber reinforced concrete in the experiment showed a high flexural toughness．
2014, 44(05): 99-103.
Abstract:
A method of adding silica fume and fly ash to the concrete was presented based on investigating concrete freeze-thaw mechanism and its influential factors． The frost resistance testing of both ordinary concrete and the concrete mixed with silica fume and fly ash was conducted． The results showed that both the compressive strength and elastic modulus of the concrete mixed with silica fume and fly ash were lower than those of ordinary one due to part of cement replaced by silicon powder and fly ash based on the equivalent substitution method，in that case，the content of cement was reduced and the water-cement ratio was increased． However，the use of water reducing agent reduced the ratio of water to cementitious material，which leaded to a better frost resistance of double mixing concrete than that of ordinary concrete．
A method of adding silica fume and fly ash to the concrete was presented based on investigating concrete freeze-thaw mechanism and its influential factors． The frost resistance testing of both ordinary concrete and the concrete mixed with silica fume and fly ash was conducted． The results showed that both the compressive strength and elastic modulus of the concrete mixed with silica fume and fly ash were lower than those of ordinary one due to part of cement replaced by silicon powder and fly ash based on the equivalent substitution method，in that case，the content of cement was reduced and the water-cement ratio was increased． However，the use of water reducing agent reduced the ratio of water to cementitious material，which leaded to a better frost resistance of double mixing concrete than that of ordinary concrete．
2014, 44(05): 104-110.
Abstract:
The containment is the key facility to ensure safety of a nuclear power plant，prestressed tendon construction process is an important link for establishing structure system，it was of great significance to study the establishing process． This article was set in a nuclear power plant containment，a large general finite element software ANSYS was selected and a high-quality finite element model was set up quickly with partitioning method，the constraint equations were not set up along the prestressed tendon direction，so that the unbonded prestressed tendon stress state could be simulated truly during prestressed tendon construction; it was put forward multi-cooling-method for simulating the prestress loss caused by concrete elastic deformation，analyzed the concrete stress state，containment deformation and prestressed tendon stress state，hence it was confirmed that the prestress built up in containment was close to the designed prestress，which provided a reliable technical support for containment construction optimization．
The containment is the key facility to ensure safety of a nuclear power plant，prestressed tendon construction process is an important link for establishing structure system，it was of great significance to study the establishing process． This article was set in a nuclear power plant containment，a large general finite element software ANSYS was selected and a high-quality finite element model was set up quickly with partitioning method，the constraint equations were not set up along the prestressed tendon direction，so that the unbonded prestressed tendon stress state could be simulated truly during prestressed tendon construction; it was put forward multi-cooling-method for simulating the prestress loss caused by concrete elastic deformation，analyzed the concrete stress state，containment deformation and prestressed tendon stress state，hence it was confirmed that the prestress built up in containment was close to the designed prestress，which provided a reliable technical support for containment construction optimization．
2014, 44(05): 115-121.
Abstract:
The analyses of the supporting system for formwork almost just take the integrated stability of its space as its core while ignoring the contribution by the cooperation of the supporting system for formwork and the concrete floor to the reliability of a structure． In this paper，the necessity of the existence of the supporting system for formwork under the medium plate in the construction process of a structures backing deal was being established by analyzing the synergy of the supporting system for formwork and the bottom board of a subway transte station under construction with double nonlinear numerical method． It was also concluded that procumbent paraboloid was the form of the trend of the horizontal shift of supporting system for formwork under two-way load by using finite element analysis，and the open side of the paraboloid was opposite to the direction of the force，which was totally different to the decreasing trend from the top to the bottom of the horizontal shift of the supporting system for formwork under one-way load．
The analyses of the supporting system for formwork almost just take the integrated stability of its space as its core while ignoring the contribution by the cooperation of the supporting system for formwork and the concrete floor to the reliability of a structure． In this paper，the necessity of the existence of the supporting system for formwork under the medium plate in the construction process of a structures backing deal was being established by analyzing the synergy of the supporting system for formwork and the bottom board of a subway transte station under construction with double nonlinear numerical method． It was also concluded that procumbent paraboloid was the form of the trend of the horizontal shift of supporting system for formwork under two-way load by using finite element analysis，and the open side of the paraboloid was opposite to the direction of the force，which was totally different to the decreasing trend from the top to the bottom of the horizontal shift of the supporting system for formwork under one-way load．
2014, 44(05): 146-151.
Abstract:
It is difficult to design SPSW ( steel plate shear wall) for Chinese current design code． To solve this problem，the finite element software ANSYS was applied to analyze the elastic-plastic buckling behavior under the shear force． The influences of parameters，such as initial imperfection，width to height ratio and width to thickness ratio，on the elastic-plastic buckling of SPSW were compared． According to the results of the analysis，the rational parameter to evaluate the elastic-plastic buckling behavior of SPSW was presented． Based on the FEA data and Chinese current design codes， formulas， used to calculate elastic-plastic instability of SPSW， were fitted． Comparisons with the numerical results showed that the proposed formulas had good accuracy and could be applied in practical engineering．
It is difficult to design SPSW ( steel plate shear wall) for Chinese current design code． To solve this problem，the finite element software ANSYS was applied to analyze the elastic-plastic buckling behavior under the shear force． The influences of parameters，such as initial imperfection，width to height ratio and width to thickness ratio，on the elastic-plastic buckling of SPSW were compared． According to the results of the analysis，the rational parameter to evaluate the elastic-plastic buckling behavior of SPSW was presented． Based on the FEA data and Chinese current design codes， formulas， used to calculate elastic-plastic instability of SPSW， were fitted． Comparisons with the numerical results showed that the proposed formulas had good accuracy and could be applied in practical engineering．
2014, 44(05): 152-156.
Abstract:
A damage would occur to the plane truss structure of the Daqing West Ｒailway Station due to the lack of effective support outside the plane and the complexity of acting load on the structure，as well as to the huge span crossing two layer floors and the high structure altitude，and also due to the rigid connection nets among the members． In order to study the global stability of the cross-layer plane trusses with larger load of the Daqing West Ｒailway Station，the sub structure analysis method and large displacement control theory were used to analyze nonlinearity stability bearing capacity of the plane structure，which confirmed the buckling mode and stability bearing capacity of the plane truss structure and estimated the safety for the global structure． It was clearly found that the buckling mode of the cross-layer plane truss structure to be a half wave curve outside the plane，which also showed the instability characteristic for the truss after buckling． Obviously，by using nonlinearity stability bearing capacity analysis methods，the global stability coefficient was greater than 2 in all cases，which could meet the requirements for the stability bearing capacity in Chinese design code．
A damage would occur to the plane truss structure of the Daqing West Ｒailway Station due to the lack of effective support outside the plane and the complexity of acting load on the structure，as well as to the huge span crossing two layer floors and the high structure altitude，and also due to the rigid connection nets among the members． In order to study the global stability of the cross-layer plane trusses with larger load of the Daqing West Ｒailway Station，the sub structure analysis method and large displacement control theory were used to analyze nonlinearity stability bearing capacity of the plane structure，which confirmed the buckling mode and stability bearing capacity of the plane truss structure and estimated the safety for the global structure． It was clearly found that the buckling mode of the cross-layer plane truss structure to be a half wave curve outside the plane，which also showed the instability characteristic for the truss after buckling． Obviously，by using nonlinearity stability bearing capacity analysis methods，the global stability coefficient was greater than 2 in all cases，which could meet the requirements for the stability bearing capacity in Chinese design code．
2014, 44(05): 157-161.
Abstract:
The architectural design for the campus of the National Football and Basketball College would fully express the sport idea and spiritual outlookhigher，faster and stonger． On the basis of fully understanding the natural and cultural environment，the design was attempted to put the sport spirit of the new times into the campus space and life， which could shape a new kind of sports campus with the sense of power and speed，to provide a high quality learning environment and campus culture for those teachers and students who worked and studied there．
The architectural design for the campus of the National Football and Basketball College would fully express the sport idea and spiritual outlookhigher，faster and stonger． On the basis of fully understanding the natural and cultural environment，the design was attempted to put the sport spirit of the new times into the campus space and life， which could shape a new kind of sports campus with the sense of power and speed，to provide a high quality learning environment and campus culture for those teachers and students who worked and studied there．
2014, 44(05): 162-166.
Abstract:
The thinking progress of architectural design of Xi'an Medical College gymnasium and the college students activity center was introduced，and it was also discussed the environment geographical characteristics and functional requirements of modern university building，thus realizing the attempt to the combination offunction，culture， modernity and ecologyof the building．
The thinking progress of architectural design of Xi'an Medical College gymnasium and the college students activity center was introduced，and it was also discussed the environment geographical characteristics and functional requirements of modern university building，thus realizing the attempt to the combination offunction，culture， modernity and ecologyof the building．
2014, 44(05): 167-170.
Abstract:
Municipal solid waste incinerator is not only known as an environment project，but also a resources recycling project． The architectural design should base on its own subject content，which could give a positive environment to the place，and make the surroudings be developed in a expecting direction． Taking Nangong Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator in Beijing for example，it was presented the green environmental concept needing attention in the design of an urban refuse incinerator，which could change the foul and dirty image of the traditional refuse incinerator， as well as promote the rational development of the surroundings．
Municipal solid waste incinerator is not only known as an environment project，but also a resources recycling project． The architectural design should base on its own subject content，which could give a positive environment to the place，and make the surroudings be developed in a expecting direction． Taking Nangong Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator in Beijing for example，it was presented the green environmental concept needing attention in the design of an urban refuse incinerator，which could change the foul and dirty image of the traditional refuse incinerator， as well as promote the rational development of the surroundings．
2014, 44(05): 1-4.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201405001
Abstract:
Currently，urbanization has become an important driving force for social transformation and development of Huizhou． Through the unique natural environment，space combinations，building shape，decoration reflect specific geographical and cultural connotations，were reflected by the decoration，which embodied the concept of social， cultural and aesthetic view of its urbanization and provided inspiration to create ideas and learning significance． Huizhou heritage protection and the integrity and diversity of rural settlements，and promotion of construction of new settlements of urban transformation and sustainable development，have become the key to building a better country．
Currently，urbanization has become an important driving force for social transformation and development of Huizhou． Through the unique natural environment，space combinations，building shape，decoration reflect specific geographical and cultural connotations，were reflected by the decoration，which embodied the concept of social， cultural and aesthetic view of its urbanization and provided inspiration to create ideas and learning significance． Huizhou heritage protection and the integrity and diversity of rural settlements，and promotion of construction of new settlements of urban transformation and sustainable development，have become the key to building a better country．
2014, 44(05): 9-11.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201405003
Abstract:
Spirit of place is the reflection of places and their spirit． In order to meet the nowaday needs of life for the people，ancient settlements must be protected and transformed． Taking Jiangcun Village as a research object，the method of place spirit was used respectively from the spatial pattern，landscape restoration and landscape joint structure，etc to make the spirit of the traditional culture of ancient inhabitation being inherited，it was expected to provide a reference for the harmonious development of ancient inhabitation in southern Anhui．
Spirit of place is the reflection of places and their spirit． In order to meet the nowaday needs of life for the people，ancient settlements must be protected and transformed． Taking Jiangcun Village as a research object，the method of place spirit was used respectively from the spatial pattern，landscape restoration and landscape joint structure，etc to make the spirit of the traditional culture of ancient inhabitation being inherited，it was expected to provide a reference for the harmonious development of ancient inhabitation in southern Anhui．
2014, 44(05): 23-26.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201405006
Abstract:
Huizhou ancient folk dwellings are located in hot summer and cold winter region． In summer，a more comfortable indoor physical environment can still be holden，which basically can meet the requirements of human body． Based on the investigation of Huizhou ancient folk dwellings indoor physical environment and their measured results，it was researched and analysed the energy saving technology employed in Huizhou ancient folk dwellings according to the village planning，architectural space layout and architectural construction etc．
Huizhou ancient folk dwellings are located in hot summer and cold winter region． In summer，a more comfortable indoor physical environment can still be holden，which basically can meet the requirements of human body． Based on the investigation of Huizhou ancient folk dwellings indoor physical environment and their measured results，it was researched and analysed the energy saving technology employed in Huizhou ancient folk dwellings according to the village planning，architectural space layout and architectural construction etc．
2014, 44(05): 27-30.
Abstract:
Based on the research and analysis of the repaired ancient folk dwellings in Southern Anhui，it was summarized the main process flow of repair construction，these main key techniques such as strengthening of foundation，wood structure maintenance，making old walls were discussed in depth． And then，it was explored the updating and development of the repair methods for the ancient folk dwellings under the new construction conditions．
Based on the research and analysis of the repaired ancient folk dwellings in Southern Anhui，it was summarized the main process flow of repair construction，these main key techniques such as strengthening of foundation，wood structure maintenance，making old walls were discussed in depth． And then，it was explored the updating and development of the repair methods for the ancient folk dwellings under the new construction conditions．
2014, 44(05): 31-33.
Abstract:
Huizhou architectures have a very important portion in Chinese architectures history，which have unique regional and cultural characteristics． Through studying the characteristics of Huizhou architectures，the direct effect can be made better in designing the regional architectures to avoid the convergence of architectural style around the world． Analyzing the design of Huatai Parking Garage in Jiuhua Mountain，it could be drawn a conclusion that the modern architectural design could be effectively combined with regional characteristics． It has been also summarized the specific methods of digestion，absorption，transformation and innovation of the unique features concept of Huizhou traditional architectures．
Huizhou architectures have a very important portion in Chinese architectures history，which have unique regional and cultural characteristics． Through studying the characteristics of Huizhou architectures，the direct effect can be made better in designing the regional architectures to avoid the convergence of architectural style around the world． Analyzing the design of Huatai Parking Garage in Jiuhua Mountain，it could be drawn a conclusion that the modern architectural design could be effectively combined with regional characteristics． It has been also summarized the specific methods of digestion，absorption，transformation and innovation of the unique features concept of Huizhou traditional architectures．
2014, 44(05): 61-64.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201405015
Abstract:
The seismic analysis and design of safety-related concrete structure of a nuclear power station are mainly based upon linear elastic assumption，without consideration of the non-linear features of the material and the bond-slip effect between steel reinforcement and concrete． Actually，after years of operation of a nuclear power station，its aging structure has been of the elastic-plastic feature gradually obvious． Taking a two-story experimental frame as its study object as well as adopting fibre beam element，it was calculated floor response spectra by using linear elastic model and elastic-plastic model respectively and then a comparison between the tested value was done． The results showed that elastic-plastic feature should be fully considered in the seismic response evaluation of nuclear power station in operation，so as to reasonably evaluate structure seismic response and floor response spectra，thus providing a valid basis for seismic re-evaluation of nuclear power equipment，system and component． In China，it's been 20 years since the earliest nuclear power stations have been put into operation，the analytic methods and conclusion of this paper would serve as useful reference for seismic safety evaluation of nuclear power stations in operation．
The seismic analysis and design of safety-related concrete structure of a nuclear power station are mainly based upon linear elastic assumption，without consideration of the non-linear features of the material and the bond-slip effect between steel reinforcement and concrete． Actually，after years of operation of a nuclear power station，its aging structure has been of the elastic-plastic feature gradually obvious． Taking a two-story experimental frame as its study object as well as adopting fibre beam element，it was calculated floor response spectra by using linear elastic model and elastic-plastic model respectively and then a comparison between the tested value was done． The results showed that elastic-plastic feature should be fully considered in the seismic response evaluation of nuclear power station in operation，so as to reasonably evaluate structure seismic response and floor response spectra，thus providing a valid basis for seismic re-evaluation of nuclear power equipment，system and component． In China，it's been 20 years since the earliest nuclear power stations have been put into operation，the analytic methods and conclusion of this paper would serve as useful reference for seismic safety evaluation of nuclear power stations in operation．
2014, 44(05): 70-72.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201405017
Abstract:
Through direct shear test and the triaxial compression test，the influence of fiber length，fineness， toughness，and mixing ratio on the stress strain curve and shear strength of textile soil ( TEXSOL) was discussed． The research showed that the influence of fiber incorporation on soil internal friction angle was small，and it mainly improved the soil cohesion; the stress-strain relationship of TEXSOL showed strain hardening characteristic，there was no typical adhesive failure and tensile failure; the influence of fiber length，toughness，and mixing ratio on the stressstrain curve and shear strength of TEXSOL was remarkable，and that of fiber fineness relatively small．
Through direct shear test and the triaxial compression test，the influence of fiber length，fineness， toughness，and mixing ratio on the stress strain curve and shear strength of textile soil ( TEXSOL) was discussed． The research showed that the influence of fiber incorporation on soil internal friction angle was small，and it mainly improved the soil cohesion; the stress-strain relationship of TEXSOL showed strain hardening characteristic，there was no typical adhesive failure and tensile failure; the influence of fiber length，toughness，and mixing ratio on the stressstrain curve and shear strength of TEXSOL was remarkable，and that of fiber fineness relatively small．
2014, 44(05): 106-110.
Abstract:
To explore new technology and new methods in tunnel secondary lining construction in cold region， according to the second double of the Lanzhou-Xinjiang Ｒailway，it was carried out experimental study of the structural reliability and the performance stability of frequency vibration system for tunnel secondary lining construction，the construction technology was determined and the matters needing atteation as well as the insulation measures were also summarized． By field trials study，it was found that 20 ～ 40 s of continuous vibration of C35 concrete whose slump was 16. 8 cm and water-binder ratio was 0. 37，could achieve the desired surface quality and strength of the concrete． Meanwhile frost resistance test showed that the concrete mass loss rates were maintained at 3% or less，the relative dynamic elastic modulus in the range of 80% to 90%，after 300 cycles of freeze-thaw，thus reaching the frost resistance grade of F300． The vibration test and the detection results showed that the high frequency vibrator technology could be used for tunnel secondary lining construction in cold region．
To explore new technology and new methods in tunnel secondary lining construction in cold region， according to the second double of the Lanzhou-Xinjiang Ｒailway，it was carried out experimental study of the structural reliability and the performance stability of frequency vibration system for tunnel secondary lining construction，the construction technology was determined and the matters needing atteation as well as the insulation measures were also summarized． By field trials study，it was found that 20 ～ 40 s of continuous vibration of C35 concrete whose slump was 16. 8 cm and water-binder ratio was 0. 37，could achieve the desired surface quality and strength of the concrete． Meanwhile frost resistance test showed that the concrete mass loss rates were maintained at 3% or less，the relative dynamic elastic modulus in the range of 80% to 90%，after 300 cycles of freeze-thaw，thus reaching the frost resistance grade of F300． The vibration test and the detection results showed that the high frequency vibrator technology could be used for tunnel secondary lining construction in cold region．
2014, 44(05): 111-115.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201405025
Abstract:
To study the shear strength of composite column whose steel tube has large openings and to study the effects of strengthening measures，4 concrete-filled steel tube composite column specimens were tested，in which one specimen had no opening on its steel tube wall and 3 specimens had large openings on their steel tube wall． The test results showed that all the specimens failed in shear; openings on the steel tube wall decreased the shear strength of the specimens． The strengthening measures increased the shear strength of specimens whose steel tube had large openings． The formulas to calculate the shear strength of concrete-filled steel tube composite columns whose steel tube had large openings were proposed，the calculated shear strength of the specimens had good agreement with the test results．
To study the shear strength of composite column whose steel tube has large openings and to study the effects of strengthening measures，4 concrete-filled steel tube composite column specimens were tested，in which one specimen had no opening on its steel tube wall and 3 specimens had large openings on their steel tube wall． The test results showed that all the specimens failed in shear; openings on the steel tube wall decreased the shear strength of the specimens． The strengthening measures increased the shear strength of specimens whose steel tube had large openings． The formulas to calculate the shear strength of concrete-filled steel tube composite columns whose steel tube had large openings were proposed，the calculated shear strength of the specimens had good agreement with the test results．
2014, 44(05): 116-121.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201405026
Abstract:
In order to investigate the simplified calculative method of channels with complex edge stiffeners for the elastic distortional buckling stress under axial compressive load，a total of 90 cold-formed thin-walled steel channels with web stiffeners and complex edge stiffeners，channels with complex edge stiffeners and intermediate V type stiffeners in the web were analyzed by finite strip software CUFSM． The influence of the parameters for the elastic distortional buckling stress was analyzed． Simplified formulas for calculating the elastic distortional buckling stress of web stiffeners and complex edge stiffeners，channels with complex edge stiffeners and intermediate V type stiffeners in the web under axial compressive load were provided． The availability of the formulas was verified．
In order to investigate the simplified calculative method of channels with complex edge stiffeners for the elastic distortional buckling stress under axial compressive load，a total of 90 cold-formed thin-walled steel channels with web stiffeners and complex edge stiffeners，channels with complex edge stiffeners and intermediate V type stiffeners in the web were analyzed by finite strip software CUFSM． The influence of the parameters for the elastic distortional buckling stress was analyzed． Simplified formulas for calculating the elastic distortional buckling stress of web stiffeners and complex edge stiffeners，channels with complex edge stiffeners and intermediate V type stiffeners in the web under axial compressive load were provided． The availability of the formulas was verified．
2014, 44(05): 122-127.
Abstract:
To investigate the bearing performance of oblique section of honeycomb steel-reinforced concrete L-shaped column，the software ANSYS was used for the analysis of the influential factors such as offset coefficient of web，axial compression ratio，shear span ratio，concrete strength，hooped reinforcement ratio，steel strength，steel ratio， opening holes ratio of steel web and height-thickness ratio of steel web on the bearing performance of oblique section of honeycomb steel-reinforced concrete L-shaped column． The results indicated that axial compression ratio，shear span ratio，concrete strength，steel strength，steel ratio，opening holes ratio of steel web and height-thickness ratio of steel web had great influence on the shear strength of the honeycomb steel reinforced concrete L-shaped column． But the offset coefficient of web and hooped reinforcement ratio had a limited effect on the shear capacity．
To investigate the bearing performance of oblique section of honeycomb steel-reinforced concrete L-shaped column，the software ANSYS was used for the analysis of the influential factors such as offset coefficient of web，axial compression ratio，shear span ratio，concrete strength，hooped reinforcement ratio，steel strength，steel ratio， opening holes ratio of steel web and height-thickness ratio of steel web on the bearing performance of oblique section of honeycomb steel-reinforced concrete L-shaped column． The results indicated that axial compression ratio，shear span ratio，concrete strength，steel strength，steel ratio，opening holes ratio of steel web and height-thickness ratio of steel web had great influence on the shear strength of the honeycomb steel reinforced concrete L-shaped column． But the offset coefficient of web and hooped reinforcement ratio had a limited effect on the shear capacity．
2014, 44(05): 128-131.
Abstract:
The overall bridge FE model and simplified steel bridge deck FE model were built． The boundary conditions of diaphragm fatigue detail FEM were interpolated from the FEM of the steel bridge deck． The local stresses under variable wheels lateral distribution were calculated． Influence of diaphragms parameters on fatigue damage of diaphragm fatigue detail was investigated． The results showed that the differences of stress amplitude between the FEM of mixed-element and simplified steel bridge deck were less than 5. 0%． It was simple and reliable to calculate the fatigue stress of diaphragm fatigue detail by using steel bridge deck model． Stress amplitude of diaphragm fatigue detail reached maximum when the off-center distance of wheel position was 150 mm，which decreased obviously with the increasing off-center distance of wheel position． Stress amplitude of diaphragm fatigue detail increased with the increasing interval of diaphragms． And increasing diaphragms thickness could improve the fatigue behavior of stress of steel bridge deck．
The overall bridge FE model and simplified steel bridge deck FE model were built． The boundary conditions of diaphragm fatigue detail FEM were interpolated from the FEM of the steel bridge deck． The local stresses under variable wheels lateral distribution were calculated． Influence of diaphragms parameters on fatigue damage of diaphragm fatigue detail was investigated． The results showed that the differences of stress amplitude between the FEM of mixed-element and simplified steel bridge deck were less than 5. 0%． It was simple and reliable to calculate the fatigue stress of diaphragm fatigue detail by using steel bridge deck model． Stress amplitude of diaphragm fatigue detail reached maximum when the off-center distance of wheel position was 150 mm，which decreased obviously with the increasing off-center distance of wheel position． Stress amplitude of diaphragm fatigue detail increased with the increasing interval of diaphragms． And increasing diaphragms thickness could improve the fatigue behavior of stress of steel bridge deck．
2014, 44(05): 132-139.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201405029
Abstract:
When the lateral slenderness ratio of a steel beam reaches a critical value during plastic design，it is necessary to set lateral supports so as to prevent lateral flexural-torsional buckling and then ensure sufficient rotation capacity． Thus，the rotation capacity required by a steel beam is generally lower in engineering practice． However， higher rotation capacity was specified in The Code for Design of Steel Structure ( GB 500172003) which caused the critical lateral slenderness ratio from formula was too small． For this reason，the nonlinear finite element modeling for numerical analysis of steel beams was developed in this paper． The calculated results agreed well with the other scholarsexperimental results． Based on the analysis of five influence parameters such as end-moment ratio，web height-thickness ratio，flange width-thickness ratio，residual stress distribution，out-of-plane boundary condition，and using reasonable criterion for rotation capacity，a simplified formula for critical lateral slenderness ratio was proposed， which could deal with four parameters except flange width-thickness ratio． The formula proposed was more reasonable and practical，compared with the formula in The Code for Design of Steel Structure( GB 500172003) ．
When the lateral slenderness ratio of a steel beam reaches a critical value during plastic design，it is necessary to set lateral supports so as to prevent lateral flexural-torsional buckling and then ensure sufficient rotation capacity． Thus，the rotation capacity required by a steel beam is generally lower in engineering practice． However， higher rotation capacity was specified in The Code for Design of Steel Structure ( GB 500172003) which caused the critical lateral slenderness ratio from formula was too small． For this reason，the nonlinear finite element modeling for numerical analysis of steel beams was developed in this paper． The calculated results agreed well with the other scholarsexperimental results． Based on the analysis of five influence parameters such as end-moment ratio，web height-thickness ratio，flange width-thickness ratio，residual stress distribution，out-of-plane boundary condition，and using reasonable criterion for rotation capacity，a simplified formula for critical lateral slenderness ratio was proposed， which could deal with four parameters except flange width-thickness ratio． The formula proposed was more reasonable and practical，compared with the formula in The Code for Design of Steel Structure( GB 500172003) ．
