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2015 Vol. 45, No. 5
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2015, 45(5): 1-5.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505001
Abstract:
The development history of the Monastery of Santa Maria and Pickman ceramics factory was discussed． Taking the big event of World Expo92 in Seville as an advantage，the historical and cultural heritages were changed into the regional development resources． Ultimately，accompanied by the regeneration of historical and cultural environment，their protection and sustainable development were realized．
The development history of the Monastery of Santa Maria and Pickman ceramics factory was discussed． Taking the big event of World Expo92 in Seville as an advantage，the historical and cultural heritages were changed into the regional development resources． Ultimately，accompanied by the regeneration of historical and cultural environment，their protection and sustainable development were realized．
2015, 45(5): 6-9.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505002
Abstract:
As a wide international action，the sustainability concept of conservation and management of world heritage has been spread worldwide． Through introducing the mature protection system for conservation and management of Edinburgh World Cultural Heritage and its conservation and management practice，it was analyzed the condition and applicable pattern for using the protection and management modes under the background of the Chinese urban culture，as well as the important role in the sustainable development of economy，society and history． It was expected to provide scientific ideas and good references for further conservation and management of world cultural heritage in China．
As a wide international action，the sustainability concept of conservation and management of world heritage has been spread worldwide． Through introducing the mature protection system for conservation and management of Edinburgh World Cultural Heritage and its conservation and management practice，it was analyzed the condition and applicable pattern for using the protection and management modes under the background of the Chinese urban culture，as well as the important role in the sustainable development of economy，society and history． It was expected to provide scientific ideas and good references for further conservation and management of world cultural heritage in China．
2015, 45(5): 10-13.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505003
Abstract:
The value of technological history is the basic value of an industrial heritage． However，the research of technological historical value is usually neglected in the present works of China's industrial heritage conservation． It was attempted to point out and discuss four kinds of technology's historical values that should be embodied in the metallurgical industrial heritage's conservation by presenting the case of Iron-bridge Gorge． In order to provide some theoretical advice to the conservation and development of China's metallurgical industrial heritages，the characteristics of China's early modern metallurgical industrial heritage were also discussed
The value of technological history is the basic value of an industrial heritage． However，the research of technological historical value is usually neglected in the present works of China's industrial heritage conservation． It was attempted to point out and discuss four kinds of technology's historical values that should be embodied in the metallurgical industrial heritage's conservation by presenting the case of Iron-bridge Gorge． In order to provide some theoretical advice to the conservation and development of China's metallurgical industrial heritages，the characteristics of China's early modern metallurgical industrial heritage were also discussed
2015, 45(5): 14-18.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505004
Abstract:
Railway transporting facilities are an important part of industrial heritages． It was first analyzed the elements of railway facilities，and three transformation principles were proposed: complete protection，partial reservation and restructuring ＆ reorganizing． It was also analyzed the design methods of station building，railway， locomotive and carriage，equipment parts． It was expected to get common experience for reform designs in the future．
Railway transporting facilities are an important part of industrial heritages． It was first analyzed the elements of railway facilities，and three transformation principles were proposed: complete protection，partial reservation and restructuring ＆ reorganizing． It was also analyzed the design methods of station building，railway， locomotive and carriage，equipment parts． It was expected to get common experience for reform designs in the future．
2015, 45(5): 19-23.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505005
Abstract:
At present，the industrial heritage tourism has become the new hot spot of tourism development at home and abroad． By analyzing the current development of industrial heritage tourism and its existing problems，this paper presented a development model calledindustry heritage tourism complex，and also discussed the planning methods of this model． And taking the tourism planning of Hangzhou canal tourism complex for example，it was demonstrated the feasibility of these planning methods by the view of practice．
At present，the industrial heritage tourism has become the new hot spot of tourism development at home and abroad． By analyzing the current development of industrial heritage tourism and its existing problems，this paper presented a development model calledindustry heritage tourism complex，and also discussed the planning methods of this model． And taking the tourism planning of Hangzhou canal tourism complex for example，it was demonstrated the feasibility of these planning methods by the view of practice．
2015, 45(5): 24-29.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505006
Abstract:
The industrial heritages are at a balanced point of start and rise． Concept definition，case introduction and policy introduction stage were discussed in-depth by the academic circles． The reasonable use of the value identification pattern and investigation methods of industrial heritages has become the key point during the activation ways of adaptive reuse of the industrial heritages． The industrial buildings in Yinchuan have some regional characteristics． The important value of the industrial heritages in the history，culture，economy，technology and buildings etc of a city was redefined by the value identification methods． There are many problems on the economic market that accommodates high-degree urbanization． Hence，reforming methods and activation ways adapting regional characteristics were proposed to solve the urgent matters． It was attempted to construct a complicated balance for the normal development of regional economy and multi-cultural network．
The industrial heritages are at a balanced point of start and rise． Concept definition，case introduction and policy introduction stage were discussed in-depth by the academic circles． The reasonable use of the value identification pattern and investigation methods of industrial heritages has become the key point during the activation ways of adaptive reuse of the industrial heritages． The industrial buildings in Yinchuan have some regional characteristics． The important value of the industrial heritages in the history，culture，economy，technology and buildings etc of a city was redefined by the value identification methods． There are many problems on the economic market that accommodates high-degree urbanization． Hence，reforming methods and activation ways adapting regional characteristics were proposed to solve the urgent matters． It was attempted to construct a complicated balance for the normal development of regional economy and multi-cultural network．
2015, 45(5): 30-33.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505007
Abstract:
The evaluation factor were extracted to build an industrial heritage evaluation system that was applicable to Changsha，which was based on domestic and foreign industrial heritage protection laws and regulations． The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and yaahp software were used to determine the weights of the factors，and it was attempted to use the study combining a quatitative method with a quantitative one to make the industrial heritage evaluation in Changsha scientific，logical．
The evaluation factor were extracted to build an industrial heritage evaluation system that was applicable to Changsha，which was based on domestic and foreign industrial heritage protection laws and regulations． The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and yaahp software were used to determine the weights of the factors，and it was attempted to use the study combining a quatitative method with a quantitative one to make the industrial heritage evaluation in Changsha scientific，logical．
2015, 45(5): 34-37.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505008
Abstract:
How to evaluate，preserve and reuse industrial heritage is the hot issue of research． Taking Tianjin Soda Plant for example，this paper discussed the combination of the value evaluation with entities of industrial heritages． And it tried to explore the way of grading protection according to the value evaluation of the industrial heritages， which would provide a reference for the conservation and reuse of industrial heritages．
How to evaluate，preserve and reuse industrial heritage is the hot issue of research． Taking Tianjin Soda Plant for example，this paper discussed the combination of the value evaluation with entities of industrial heritages． And it tried to explore the way of grading protection according to the value evaluation of the industrial heritages， which would provide a reference for the conservation and reuse of industrial heritages．
2015, 45(5): 38-41.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505009
Abstract:
Based on analysis of industrial development situation and ceramic industrial heritage in Jingdezhen，sorting out the material and non-material elements of ceramic industrial heritage and heritage value． In the face of difficulties that many ceramic industrial heritages were destroyed in the random development of ceramic industry，and some ceramic industrial heritages lack of integrity of protection and reusing，it was proposed that the ceramic industry heritage protection and reuse should be integral，immersive，and much attention should be paid to the protection of non-material ceramic industrial heritages，to highlight the characteristics of an urban culture，at the same time，the ceramic industrial heritage，cultural creativity and tourism industry should be jointly developed to restructure the city brand of Jingdezhen．
Based on analysis of industrial development situation and ceramic industrial heritage in Jingdezhen，sorting out the material and non-material elements of ceramic industrial heritage and heritage value． In the face of difficulties that many ceramic industrial heritages were destroyed in the random development of ceramic industry，and some ceramic industrial heritages lack of integrity of protection and reusing，it was proposed that the ceramic industry heritage protection and reuse should be integral，immersive，and much attention should be paid to the protection of non-material ceramic industrial heritages，to highlight the characteristics of an urban culture，at the same time，the ceramic industrial heritage，cultural creativity and tourism industry should be jointly developed to restructure the city brand of Jingdezhen．
2015, 45(5): 42-45.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505010
Abstract:
Beginning with an introduction to the tea industry development of Meitan County of Guizhou Province， taking The Nara Document on Authenticity and Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention as constant standards，it was conducted an analysis of the authenticity and completeness of the former site of Meitan tea industry． The former site of Meitan tea industry was studied in depth with different view of disciplines such as methodology of the study of sociology，historic values and urban construction planning etc． And the protection and reuse mode of the former site of Meitan tea industry was proposed，namely construction ofGuizhou Tea Culture Eco-museum，and it was also demonstrated the feasibility and specific operation measures of such construction of the museum．
Beginning with an introduction to the tea industry development of Meitan County of Guizhou Province， taking The Nara Document on Authenticity and Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention as constant standards，it was conducted an analysis of the authenticity and completeness of the former site of Meitan tea industry． The former site of Meitan tea industry was studied in depth with different view of disciplines such as methodology of the study of sociology，historic values and urban construction planning etc． And the protection and reuse mode of the former site of Meitan tea industry was proposed，namely construction ofGuizhou Tea Culture Eco-museum，and it was also demonstrated the feasibility and specific operation measures of such construction of the museum．
2015, 45(5): 46-48.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505011
Abstract:
Jinan Railway Station of Jinpu Railway was built in the early 20th century，which was called Jinan Old Railway Station by Jinan citizens，and has become a history of Jinan after going through variety of sufferings in its 80 years of existence． Recently，filling with Jinan citizens' memories and its European style，it has been put on the rehabilitation schedule． Based on which，it was explored that how to do the decision between developing economics and protecting historical industrial buildings in the process of urbanization． When exploring the values of old industrial buildings similar to Jinan Old Railway Station etc，the emphasis should be put on how to solve similar problems in order to pay much attention to such issues．
Jinan Railway Station of Jinpu Railway was built in the early 20th century，which was called Jinan Old Railway Station by Jinan citizens，and has become a history of Jinan after going through variety of sufferings in its 80 years of existence． Recently，filling with Jinan citizens' memories and its European style，it has been put on the rehabilitation schedule． Based on which，it was explored that how to do the decision between developing economics and protecting historical industrial buildings in the process of urbanization． When exploring the values of old industrial buildings similar to Jinan Old Railway Station etc，the emphasis should be put on how to solve similar problems in order to pay much attention to such issues．
2015, 45(5): 49-54.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505012
Abstract:
An experimental research on seismic performance of a story-added three-story framework structure was carried out，and the cement-based inorganic anchoring material was used during the rebar-planting process． At the same time，an experiment on seismic performance of a three-story integral casting framework structure and a comparison of the test results was done． The results indicated that the story-added framework structure's load-bearing capacity was closed to the integral casting framework structure's load-bearing capacity． The story-added framework structure's ductility was slightly lowered than that of the integral casting framework structure but it could meet the basic seismic requirements of engineening． When the displacement of the story-added framework structure reached its limits，visible crossing cracks were discovered in the planting bar joints． Some methods should be used to reinforce the joints in order to meet the aseismic requirement．
An experimental research on seismic performance of a story-added three-story framework structure was carried out，and the cement-based inorganic anchoring material was used during the rebar-planting process． At the same time，an experiment on seismic performance of a three-story integral casting framework structure and a comparison of the test results was done． The results indicated that the story-added framework structure's load-bearing capacity was closed to the integral casting framework structure's load-bearing capacity． The story-added framework structure's ductility was slightly lowered than that of the integral casting framework structure but it could meet the basic seismic requirements of engineening． When the displacement of the story-added framework structure reached its limits，visible crossing cracks were discovered in the planting bar joints． Some methods should be used to reinforce the joints in order to meet the aseismic requirement．
2015, 45(5): 55-60.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505013
Abstract:
Using orthogonal test method，based on energy method and taking the damping energy dissipation of sliding base-isolated structure as the response index，it was explored the effect under the Ⅱ，Ⅲ，and Ⅳ sites conditions of the associated parameters of sliding base-isolated structure on damping energy dissipation of structure and their sensitivities were analyzed． It was found that the damping energy dissipation of sliding base-isolated structure was more sensitive to the friction coefficient and the natural period of superstructure，and was insensitive to the mass ratio． The sensitivities of the damping energy dissipation of superstructure and isolation layer to the other parameters were more different，and the sensitivity sequence of parameters might be inconsistent．
Using orthogonal test method，based on energy method and taking the damping energy dissipation of sliding base-isolated structure as the response index，it was explored the effect under the Ⅱ，Ⅲ，and Ⅳ sites conditions of the associated parameters of sliding base-isolated structure on damping energy dissipation of structure and their sensitivities were analyzed． It was found that the damping energy dissipation of sliding base-isolated structure was more sensitive to the friction coefficient and the natural period of superstructure，and was insensitive to the mass ratio． The sensitivities of the damping energy dissipation of superstructure and isolation layer to the other parameters were more different，and the sensitivity sequence of parameters might be inconsistent．
2015, 45(5): 61-64.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505014
Abstract:
A shaftless-leakage protection viscous damper was presented，its basic principle was that the deformation of oil cavity itself drove viscous flow through damping hole back and forth so that energy dissipated． Through performance test and finite element analysis，the feasibility of the damper structure schemes was preliminary verified． The results of the type of damping vibration reduction performance based on Benchmark model of structural vibration control showed that the shaftless-leakage protection viscous damper has a good damping effect．
A shaftless-leakage protection viscous damper was presented，its basic principle was that the deformation of oil cavity itself drove viscous flow through damping hole back and forth so that energy dissipated． Through performance test and finite element analysis，the feasibility of the damper structure schemes was preliminary verified． The results of the type of damping vibration reduction performance based on Benchmark model of structural vibration control showed that the shaftless-leakage protection viscous damper has a good damping effect．
2015, 45(5): 65-69.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505015
Abstract:
In the light of the research on the technologies of the prestressed concrete beams with pretensioned bent-up tendons，eleven groups (33) of pull-out test specimens of strands were designed，whose pull-out tests were done， and the characteristics of bond slip，the bond strength，the failure mode of anchorage and the factors affecting the bond behavior of strands were analyzed and discussed in detail． The formula calculating the bond strength between strand and concrete was got，and the calculated results showed a good agreement to the test results． It showed that the results of the fomula was on the safe side twagh the comparison of the measured values．
In the light of the research on the technologies of the prestressed concrete beams with pretensioned bent-up tendons，eleven groups (33) of pull-out test specimens of strands were designed，whose pull-out tests were done， and the characteristics of bond slip，the bond strength，the failure mode of anchorage and the factors affecting the bond behavior of strands were analyzed and discussed in detail． The formula calculating the bond strength between strand and concrete was got，and the calculated results showed a good agreement to the test results． It showed that the results of the fomula was on the safe side twagh the comparison of the measured values．
2015, 45(5): 106-110.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505023
Abstract:
Considering the technical problems such as butt joint installation and concrete compactness assurance etc in the construction of arc concrete filled steel tubular columns for Ningbo Fortune Center project，the cover mould technology，local structural changing measures for the columns and adjustment of concrete pouring method were used respectively，combined with the model test，numerical analysis and ultrasonic test method，the successfulness of this set of techniques for the project was verified，which was also applied in the subsequent similar projects．
Considering the technical problems such as butt joint installation and concrete compactness assurance etc in the construction of arc concrete filled steel tubular columns for Ningbo Fortune Center project，the cover mould technology，local structural changing measures for the columns and adjustment of concrete pouring method were used respectively，combined with the model test，numerical analysis and ultrasonic test method，the successfulness of this set of techniques for the project was verified，which was also applied in the subsequent similar projects．
2015, 45(5): 111-114.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505024
Abstract:
In order to investigate the distribution of residual stress in Q550GJ high strength steel welded box sections， 6 specimens of Q550GJ with various dimensions were designed and manufactured according to its mechanical properties． The partition method was adopted to test the residual stress of these specimens． The distributions of the residual stresses in these specimens were obtained through the test data． The effects of the plate width-thickness ratio and plate thickness were studied． The analysis results showed that there were bigger residual tensile stress in the middle of the flanges and near the welded regions of the web，there were almost the same residual compression stress in the middle of the overhanging regions of the flanges and the web，and the residual stress of other regions for the specimen was transferred from the tensile stress to the compression stress． The residual compression stress was becoming smaller as the increasing of the width-thickness ratio，the changes in the residual tensile stress were not significant，and they were a trend of increasing． The biggest residual tensile stress was lower than the yield stress of the steel． Under the same width-thickness ratio，the residual tensile stress and compression stress were decreased with the increasing of the thickness of the welded specimen．
In order to investigate the distribution of residual stress in Q550GJ high strength steel welded box sections， 6 specimens of Q550GJ with various dimensions were designed and manufactured according to its mechanical properties． The partition method was adopted to test the residual stress of these specimens． The distributions of the residual stresses in these specimens were obtained through the test data． The effects of the plate width-thickness ratio and plate thickness were studied． The analysis results showed that there were bigger residual tensile stress in the middle of the flanges and near the welded regions of the web，there were almost the same residual compression stress in the middle of the overhanging regions of the flanges and the web，and the residual stress of other regions for the specimen was transferred from the tensile stress to the compression stress． The residual compression stress was becoming smaller as the increasing of the width-thickness ratio，the changes in the residual tensile stress were not significant，and they were a trend of increasing． The biggest residual tensile stress was lower than the yield stress of the steel． Under the same width-thickness ratio，the residual tensile stress and compression stress were decreased with the increasing of the thickness of the welded specimen．
2015, 45(5): 115-118.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505025
Abstract:
To research flexural behavior of laminated steel beams that the upper steel beam and the lower steel beam were combined into an overall beam by a new type of shear connectors，a simply supported laminated overhanging beam with a total length of 3 m was designed． The ultimate loads，failure mode，deflection，strain distribution and slip-load curve were obtained by the flexural test． The experimental results showed that the new connectors could effectively transfer shear; the laminated steel beam with the new connectors showed a good holistic resistant behavior; the strain distribution was close to the plane section assumption; the failure mode of the laminated steel beam was a local buckling near the support; the connector was not failed in the loading process; the laminated steel beam with the new connectors was able to meet the demands of the mobile box buildings．
To research flexural behavior of laminated steel beams that the upper steel beam and the lower steel beam were combined into an overall beam by a new type of shear connectors，a simply supported laminated overhanging beam with a total length of 3 m was designed． The ultimate loads，failure mode，deflection，strain distribution and slip-load curve were obtained by the flexural test． The experimental results showed that the new connectors could effectively transfer shear; the laminated steel beam with the new connectors showed a good holistic resistant behavior; the strain distribution was close to the plane section assumption; the failure mode of the laminated steel beam was a local buckling near the support; the connector was not failed in the loading process; the laminated steel beam with the new connectors was able to meet the demands of the mobile box buildings．
2015, 45(5): 125-131.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505027
Abstract:
A new type of steel concrete composite beam with double-joist steel sections encased was introduced． Six large-scale specimens were designed and tested under four-point bending condition to study the performance indicators of normal section bending bearing capacity，deformation，ductility and ultimate curvature and ultimate bending moment． It was found that the double-steel reinforced concrete beam had high strength and well ductility． The cracking load and ultimate load of the beam were influenced by the steel ratio，rebar ratio，stirrup ratio，steel size，space，and shear studs． Based on the comparison of the test results and through correcting coefficient of concrete part and the whole part in two Chinese codes，the bending calculation formula of double-steel reinforced concrete beam was obtained．
A new type of steel concrete composite beam with double-joist steel sections encased was introduced． Six large-scale specimens were designed and tested under four-point bending condition to study the performance indicators of normal section bending bearing capacity，deformation，ductility and ultimate curvature and ultimate bending moment． It was found that the double-steel reinforced concrete beam had high strength and well ductility． The cracking load and ultimate load of the beam were influenced by the steel ratio，rebar ratio，stirrup ratio，steel size，space，and shear studs． Based on the comparison of the test results and through correcting coefficient of concrete part and the whole part in two Chinese codes，the bending calculation formula of double-steel reinforced concrete beam was obtained．
2015, 45(5): 70-75.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505016
Abstract:
Taking a practical high framed-tower with large long-diameter ratio for petro-chemical project as the object， the structure response of high framed-tower with gap limiting support under the seismic effect was analyzed with timehistory analysis，whose results were compared with a combined structure model． The analysis indicated that the change in horizontal displacement of the high framed-tower with gap limiting support had the characteristics of increase in time step，max top displacement of tower was 50% greater than that of the high framed-tower of the combined structure model; and the seismic effect would also cause oscillation contact between tower and frame，and the pressure generated by the contact acted on the tower shell in mode of pulse force，which caused stress concentration in local area and a rapid change in stress amplitude． The type of structure model had low influence on stability of the stress variation of tower bottom and reaction variation of frame support． Based on the analysis，it could also be considered that the high framed-tower with gap limiting support was a multi-system structure． There would be some risks if taking single combined structure model to perform engineering design for a high framed-tower． Under the case of no determined stipulation of current design codes，use of time history analysis method was suggested for seismic effect．
Taking a practical high framed-tower with large long-diameter ratio for petro-chemical project as the object， the structure response of high framed-tower with gap limiting support under the seismic effect was analyzed with timehistory analysis，whose results were compared with a combined structure model． The analysis indicated that the change in horizontal displacement of the high framed-tower with gap limiting support had the characteristics of increase in time step，max top displacement of tower was 50% greater than that of the high framed-tower of the combined structure model; and the seismic effect would also cause oscillation contact between tower and frame，and the pressure generated by the contact acted on the tower shell in mode of pulse force，which caused stress concentration in local area and a rapid change in stress amplitude． The type of structure model had low influence on stability of the stress variation of tower bottom and reaction variation of frame support． Based on the analysis，it could also be considered that the high framed-tower with gap limiting support was a multi-system structure． There would be some risks if taking single combined structure model to perform engineering design for a high framed-tower． Under the case of no determined stipulation of current design codes，use of time history analysis method was suggested for seismic effect．
2015, 45(5): 76-80.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505017
Abstract:
The expansive soil in Hefei was studied． Osmotic method and filter paper method were used to measure the relationship between gravity water content and matrix suction in different initial dry densities． The relationship between void ratio and gravity water content of the soil was measured by wetting test． Then，according to the theoretical analysis，the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) considering the volume change of different initial dry densities was obtained． The results showed that the initial dry density had an influence on the SWCC merely to the water content of the soil samples near their saturation water content，and they were roughly coincident in middle matrix suction parts． Different initial dry densities had obvious influence on SWCC considering the volume change of wetting． When the soil moisture content closed to saturation，a cross in curves of volumetric water content and matrix suction in different initial dry densities appeared．
The expansive soil in Hefei was studied． Osmotic method and filter paper method were used to measure the relationship between gravity water content and matrix suction in different initial dry densities． The relationship between void ratio and gravity water content of the soil was measured by wetting test． Then，according to the theoretical analysis，the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) considering the volume change of different initial dry densities was obtained． The results showed that the initial dry density had an influence on the SWCC merely to the water content of the soil samples near their saturation water content，and they were roughly coincident in middle matrix suction parts． Different initial dry densities had obvious influence on SWCC considering the volume change of wetting． When the soil moisture content closed to saturation，a cross in curves of volumetric water content and matrix suction in different initial dry densities appeared．
2015, 45(5): 81-86.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505018
Abstract:
Using the complementation of particle size of dredged silt and iron tailings ，the industrial waste iron tailings mixed with waste silt by carbide slag，cement and other curing agent improvement modified． By changing the material proportion of components to solidity dredged silt and iron tailings，it was tried to confect a new type of green geotechnical material to realize the reuse of dredged silt，iron tailings，and carbide slag． Based on a series of indoor unconfined compressive strength tests and taking text orthogonal，single admixture text as the basis，it was obtained the best combination mix of the modified silt，i． e，as well as 10% cement，10% carbide slag，and 60% iron tailings; iron tailings had a significant effect to improve the strength of silt．
Using the complementation of particle size of dredged silt and iron tailings ，the industrial waste iron tailings mixed with waste silt by carbide slag，cement and other curing agent improvement modified． By changing the material proportion of components to solidity dredged silt and iron tailings，it was tried to confect a new type of green geotechnical material to realize the reuse of dredged silt，iron tailings，and carbide slag． Based on a series of indoor unconfined compressive strength tests and taking text orthogonal，single admixture text as the basis，it was obtained the best combination mix of the modified silt，i． e，as well as 10% cement，10% carbide slag，and 60% iron tailings; iron tailings had a significant effect to improve the strength of silt．
2015, 45(5): 87-92.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505019
Abstract:
To investigate coalrock strength and energy evolution mechanism in failure process under biaxial loading，the mechanical parameters were got by testing coalrocks under uniaxial compression，then coalrock mesomechanical parameters were obtained through combining particle flow code with Fish program，conducted the research on coalrock strength and energy evolution mechanism in failure process under biaxial loading was carried out． The results showed that in coalrock failure process under biaxial loading，intermediate principal stress had most significant effect on yield stage，but no effects on post-peak softening stage; coalrocks under biaxial loading basically had not the features of brittle-ductile conversion in post-peak stage; the elastic strain energy was increased firstly and then decreased，its increasing rate reached maximum about one-second of the ultimate strain，the elastic strain energy at post-peak was decreased rapidly at the same rate; the larger the intermediate principal stress was the larger the axial strain that the dissipation energy appeared，but under the larger intermediate principal stress coalrock internal damage once occured and rapidly developed，which would leads to sudden failure of coalrock，while under the smaller intermediate principal stress coalrock failure was a relatively slow process; elastic strain energy limit was a constant and it had no change with intermediate principal stress under biaxial loading，the ratio of elastic strain energy to total energy absorbed and the ratio of dissipation energy to the total energy were also a constant; energy strength criterion derived based on the elastic strain energy limit had clear physical meaning，and comprehensively reflected the influence factors of coalrock failure in essence，which could well express the stresses relationship at coalrock failure under biaxial loading．
To investigate coalrock strength and energy evolution mechanism in failure process under biaxial loading，the mechanical parameters were got by testing coalrocks under uniaxial compression，then coalrock mesomechanical parameters were obtained through combining particle flow code with Fish program，conducted the research on coalrock strength and energy evolution mechanism in failure process under biaxial loading was carried out． The results showed that in coalrock failure process under biaxial loading，intermediate principal stress had most significant effect on yield stage，but no effects on post-peak softening stage; coalrocks under biaxial loading basically had not the features of brittle-ductile conversion in post-peak stage; the elastic strain energy was increased firstly and then decreased，its increasing rate reached maximum about one-second of the ultimate strain，the elastic strain energy at post-peak was decreased rapidly at the same rate; the larger the intermediate principal stress was the larger the axial strain that the dissipation energy appeared，but under the larger intermediate principal stress coalrock internal damage once occured and rapidly developed，which would leads to sudden failure of coalrock，while under the smaller intermediate principal stress coalrock failure was a relatively slow process; elastic strain energy limit was a constant and it had no change with intermediate principal stress under biaxial loading，the ratio of elastic strain energy to total energy absorbed and the ratio of dissipation energy to the total energy were also a constant; energy strength criterion derived based on the elastic strain energy limit had clear physical meaning，and comprehensively reflected the influence factors of coalrock failure in essence，which could well express the stresses relationship at coalrock failure under biaxial loading．
2015, 45(5): 93-96.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505020
Abstract:
Based on the reactive powder concrete specimens static load and flexural fatigue test，the ultimate bearing capacity and flexural strength and fatigue life of the specimens could be obtained． The specimens failure mode and fracture process of evolution were analysed． The development of fatigue deformation of RPC specimens was divided into three stages． Compared to the normal concrete，the fatigue life of the fatigue deformation was increased by about 5% in the first stage． Based on the Weibull distribution test of RPC specimens fatigue life，the p － S － N curve equation taking account of failure probability was proposed． By the curve equation，the RPC's fatigue ultimate strength could take 58. 8% of its compressive strength．
Based on the reactive powder concrete specimens static load and flexural fatigue test，the ultimate bearing capacity and flexural strength and fatigue life of the specimens could be obtained． The specimens failure mode and fracture process of evolution were analysed． The development of fatigue deformation of RPC specimens was divided into three stages． Compared to the normal concrete，the fatigue life of the fatigue deformation was increased by about 5% in the first stage． Based on the Weibull distribution test of RPC specimens fatigue life，the p － S － N curve equation taking account of failure probability was proposed． By the curve equation，the RPC's fatigue ultimate strength could take 58. 8% of its compressive strength．
2015, 45(5): 97-101.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505021
Abstract:
The requirements of a self compacting concrete for the coarse aggregate are different from those of an ordinary concrete，the main indicator to measure the performance of coarse aggregate is grain shape and gradation． Taking the shape index and particle gradation of coarse aggregate as the variables，ensuring other conditions being the same，a self-compacting concrete was prepared，whose slumps，expansion rate，T50 time，V type funnel flow time， 7 d and 28 d cube compressive strength were tested． Test results showed that self compacting concrete the working performance and strength of the self-compacting concrete could not be increased regularly with an increase in the shape index． Relatively effect on the working performance of the shape index was greater than the effect on strength; influence of particle gradation on strength was greater than the effect on the working performance; effects on 7 d compressive strength of shape index and particle gradation were greater than those on 28 d strength． Based on test condition and mix proportions，when the shape index was 0. 348，big pebble particle gradation in the proportion was 50%，the working performance and the mechanical properties of the self compacting concrete were the best．
The requirements of a self compacting concrete for the coarse aggregate are different from those of an ordinary concrete，the main indicator to measure the performance of coarse aggregate is grain shape and gradation． Taking the shape index and particle gradation of coarse aggregate as the variables，ensuring other conditions being the same，a self-compacting concrete was prepared，whose slumps，expansion rate，T50 time，V type funnel flow time， 7 d and 28 d cube compressive strength were tested． Test results showed that self compacting concrete the working performance and strength of the self-compacting concrete could not be increased regularly with an increase in the shape index． Relatively effect on the working performance of the shape index was greater than the effect on strength; influence of particle gradation on strength was greater than the effect on the working performance; effects on 7 d compressive strength of shape index and particle gradation were greater than those on 28 d strength． Based on test condition and mix proportions，when the shape index was 0. 348，big pebble particle gradation in the proportion was 50%，the working performance and the mechanical properties of the self compacting concrete were the best．
2015, 45(5): 102-105.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505022
Abstract:
In Northwest，groundwater and subsoil of many projects are highly corrosive，moreover，the annual temperature is largely different due to the climate． So the higher requirements are put forward to the corrosion resistance of concrete． A series of corrosion resistance experiments were made to study the corrosion resistance of five kinds of concretes． The results indicated that the corrosion resistance of concrete C30 and C40 with ordinary Portland cement PO 42. 5 and mineral admixtures was better than that of concrete C25 with high sulfate cement and rust inhibitor．
In Northwest，groundwater and subsoil of many projects are highly corrosive，moreover，the annual temperature is largely different due to the climate． So the higher requirements are put forward to the corrosion resistance of concrete． A series of corrosion resistance experiments were made to study the corrosion resistance of five kinds of concretes． The results indicated that the corrosion resistance of concrete C30 and C40 with ordinary Portland cement PO 42. 5 and mineral admixtures was better than that of concrete C25 with high sulfate cement and rust inhibitor．
2015, 45(5): 119-124.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505026
Abstract:
In order to study the influence of stiffener and the vertical load on the performance of steel plate shear wall，one specimen and two specimens with vertical stiffeners were selected to carry on pushover and cyclic loading tests． And the finite vertical load was set as the control variable． The deformation performance of steel plate shear wall and the overall and local bucklings of vertical stiffener were investigated． The pushover curve and hysteretic loops were obtained． Based on the tested results，the load-carrying capacity，lateral stiffness and energy dissipation capacity of steel plate shear wall with vertical stiffener were analyzed． The results showed that finite vertical load had a greater influence on the buckling load and lateral stiffness of the vertically stiffened steel plate shear wall，less effect on yield load and ultimate bearing capacity． And the values of the threshold stiffness coefficients of vertical and side stiffeners were also suggested．
In order to study the influence of stiffener and the vertical load on the performance of steel plate shear wall，one specimen and two specimens with vertical stiffeners were selected to carry on pushover and cyclic loading tests． And the finite vertical load was set as the control variable． The deformation performance of steel plate shear wall and the overall and local bucklings of vertical stiffener were investigated． The pushover curve and hysteretic loops were obtained． Based on the tested results，the load-carrying capacity，lateral stiffness and energy dissipation capacity of steel plate shear wall with vertical stiffener were analyzed． The results showed that finite vertical load had a greater influence on the buckling load and lateral stiffness of the vertically stiffened steel plate shear wall，less effect on yield load and ultimate bearing capacity． And the values of the threshold stiffness coefficients of vertical and side stiffeners were also suggested．
2015, 45(5): 132-137.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505028
Abstract:
Based on the test of the reinforced concrete column-steel beam ( RCS)，load-displacement hysteresis curves of three RCS composite joints with different details were analyzed． According to the test result，a uniform skeleton curve，expressed by trilinear model was established by using regression analysis． As well as，the equation of the skeleton curve divided by six parts was given respectively． The stiffness degradation rules of RCS joints were got through regressive analysis of the circulations in different loading stages． Then the restoring force model of the ＲCS composite joints was obtained． Examples showed that the skeleton curves calculated by the restoring force model coincided well with the test curves． Which also showed that the restoring force model had a good applicability．
Based on the test of the reinforced concrete column-steel beam ( RCS)，load-displacement hysteresis curves of three RCS composite joints with different details were analyzed． According to the test result，a uniform skeleton curve，expressed by trilinear model was established by using regression analysis． As well as，the equation of the skeleton curve divided by six parts was given respectively． The stiffness degradation rules of RCS joints were got through regressive analysis of the circulations in different loading stages． Then the restoring force model of the ＲCS composite joints was obtained． Examples showed that the skeleton curves calculated by the restoring force model coincided well with the test curves． Which also showed that the restoring force model had a good applicability．
2015, 45(5): 138-142.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505029
Abstract:
Eight steel reinforced concrete (SRC) short columns after high temperatures under cyclic reversed loading and three comparative specimens under monotony loading were tested to investigate their performance of bond degeneration． Test results showed that the failure modes of SRC columns under cyclic reversed loading were almost the same as those under monotony loading． The load-slip hysteretic curve of SRC columns was biased to the initial loading side and had no pinching in the whole loading process，which was similar to that of RC short columns． In the same conditions，the bond strength and the ultimate bearing capacity of specimens decreased with the increased of the maximum temperature or the length time of the maximum temperature，and they increased with the increase of the thickness of the protective layer． Cyclic reversed loading would lead to a decrease in bond strength and an rease in slip． The bond strength and slip stiffness degenerated more obvious with the increase of the maximum temperature or the length time of the maximum temperature．
Eight steel reinforced concrete (SRC) short columns after high temperatures under cyclic reversed loading and three comparative specimens under monotony loading were tested to investigate their performance of bond degeneration． Test results showed that the failure modes of SRC columns under cyclic reversed loading were almost the same as those under monotony loading． The load-slip hysteretic curve of SRC columns was biased to the initial loading side and had no pinching in the whole loading process，which was similar to that of RC short columns． In the same conditions，the bond strength and the ultimate bearing capacity of specimens decreased with the increased of the maximum temperature or the length time of the maximum temperature，and they increased with the increase of the thickness of the protective layer． Cyclic reversed loading would lead to a decrease in bond strength and an rease in slip． The bond strength and slip stiffness degenerated more obvious with the increase of the maximum temperature or the length time of the maximum temperature．
2015, 45(5): 143-145.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505030
Abstract:
FE models of steel box girder and deck-U rib joint were established． The boundary conditions of the deck- U rib joint FE model were interpolated from the steel box girder model using submodeling technology． The effect of pavement was considered in FE models． The co-stressing behaviors of pavement and steel bridge deck under the wheel load were analyzed． The influence of the elastic modulus，thickness and Poisson ratio of pavement were discussed． The result showed that increasing the thickness and elastic modulus of pavement could reduce stress range of the joint significantly． The stress range of deck detail was not reduced obviously with the increase of Poisson ratio． In practical projects，the local stress of deck detail could be reduced by increasing the pavement's thickness to the steel bridge deck with thin deck． The materials as SFＲC which have large elastic modulus and small temperature influence were suggested as pavement structure．
FE models of steel box girder and deck-U rib joint were established． The boundary conditions of the deck- U rib joint FE model were interpolated from the steel box girder model using submodeling technology． The effect of pavement was considered in FE models． The co-stressing behaviors of pavement and steel bridge deck under the wheel load were analyzed． The influence of the elastic modulus，thickness and Poisson ratio of pavement were discussed． The result showed that increasing the thickness and elastic modulus of pavement could reduce stress range of the joint significantly． The stress range of deck detail was not reduced obviously with the increase of Poisson ratio． In practical projects，the local stress of deck detail could be reduced by increasing the pavement's thickness to the steel bridge deck with thin deck． The materials as SFＲC which have large elastic modulus and small temperature influence were suggested as pavement structure．
2015, 45(5): 146-151.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505031
Abstract:
This paper concerns the analysis and calculation of the bearing capacity of angle members under axial force in transmission steel tower design based on Chinese Code for Design of Steel Structures (GB 500172003)，Chinese Technical Code for Design of Tower and Pole Structures of Overhead Transmission Line ( DL/T 51542012 )， American Specification for Structural Steel Buildings ( ANSI /AISC 360 － 05 ) and The Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structures(ASCE 10 － 97)． It was mainly focused on the comparison between relative Chinese and American standards on the calculation of stability factor and bearing capacity and calculation examples were given based on DL/T 51542012 and ASCE 10 － 97，which provided references for the corresponding design of project．
This paper concerns the analysis and calculation of the bearing capacity of angle members under axial force in transmission steel tower design based on Chinese Code for Design of Steel Structures (GB 500172003)，Chinese Technical Code for Design of Tower and Pole Structures of Overhead Transmission Line ( DL/T 51542012 )， American Specification for Structural Steel Buildings ( ANSI /AISC 360 － 05 ) and The Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structures(ASCE 10 － 97)． It was mainly focused on the comparison between relative Chinese and American standards on the calculation of stability factor and bearing capacity and calculation examples were given based on DL/T 51542012 and ASCE 10 － 97，which provided references for the corresponding design of project．
2015, 45(5): 152-156.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505032
Abstract:
Eleven reinforced concrete ( RC) beams with externally bonded BFＲP sheets were experimentally investigated． The effect of BFRP layers，the concrete surface artificial chiseling and anchor type on ultimate loads， stiffness and failure mode of the beams were studied． The test results showed that the ultimate bearing capacity of the damaged RC beams strengthened with BFRP sheets from two to four layers were enhanced by 41. 26% ～ 79. 23% ，as compared with those of the control specimens，but the relationship between ultimate bearing capacity and the layer of basalt fiber sheets was not linear． When five layers were pasted，peeling failure was observed． The concrete surface artificial chiseling treatment could avoid the peeling failure，but the effect on improving the ultimate bearing capacity and reducing the deflection of the test beams was small． The reinforcing effect of a steel plate-bolt anchorage was good．
Eleven reinforced concrete ( RC) beams with externally bonded BFＲP sheets were experimentally investigated． The effect of BFRP layers，the concrete surface artificial chiseling and anchor type on ultimate loads， stiffness and failure mode of the beams were studied． The test results showed that the ultimate bearing capacity of the damaged RC beams strengthened with BFRP sheets from two to four layers were enhanced by 41. 26% ～ 79. 23% ，as compared with those of the control specimens，but the relationship between ultimate bearing capacity and the layer of basalt fiber sheets was not linear． When five layers were pasted，peeling failure was observed． The concrete surface artificial chiseling treatment could avoid the peeling failure，but the effect on improving the ultimate bearing capacity and reducing the deflection of the test beams was small． The reinforcing effect of a steel plate-bolt anchorage was good．
2015, 45(5): 157-161.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505033
Abstract:
The method of indirectly strengthening RC frame joints with tied and lock-anchored carbon fiber reinforced polymer ( CFRP) sheets can effectively avoid debonding of CFRP and infeasibility in practice which exist in strengthening directly． Based on the numerical simulation comparative analysis of the five strengthened joints' hysteresis curves， bearing capacity and ductility coefficient， the influence of the parameters on the seismic performance of the joints strengthened with tied and lock-anchored CFRP sheets was discussed． The influencing parameters included the ratio of stirrup ，longitudinal CFRP sheets at the beam end and the amount of lateral shear CFRP at the beam and column end． The results showed that the tied and lock-anchored CFRP sheets could significantly improve the seismic performance of the joints． The maximum increase in ultimate bearing capacity and ductility coefficient of beam end was up to19. 8% and 55. 5% respectively． When others remained invariable， increasing the ratio of longitudinal CFRP sheets at the beam end could simultaneously improve ductility and bearing capacity of strengthened joints，but the ratio of stirrup at the beam end could only improve the ductility significantly． Increasing the amount of lateral shear CFRP had little effect on the ductility and bearing capacity of strengthened joints，but it could effectively delay the yield and bonding-slip of the longitudinal bars．
The method of indirectly strengthening RC frame joints with tied and lock-anchored carbon fiber reinforced polymer ( CFRP) sheets can effectively avoid debonding of CFRP and infeasibility in practice which exist in strengthening directly． Based on the numerical simulation comparative analysis of the five strengthened joints' hysteresis curves， bearing capacity and ductility coefficient， the influence of the parameters on the seismic performance of the joints strengthened with tied and lock-anchored CFRP sheets was discussed． The influencing parameters included the ratio of stirrup ，longitudinal CFRP sheets at the beam end and the amount of lateral shear CFRP at the beam and column end． The results showed that the tied and lock-anchored CFRP sheets could significantly improve the seismic performance of the joints． The maximum increase in ultimate bearing capacity and ductility coefficient of beam end was up to19. 8% and 55. 5% respectively． When others remained invariable， increasing the ratio of longitudinal CFRP sheets at the beam end could simultaneously improve ductility and bearing capacity of strengthened joints，but the ratio of stirrup at the beam end could only improve the ductility significantly． Increasing the amount of lateral shear CFRP had little effect on the ductility and bearing capacity of strengthened joints，but it could effectively delay the yield and bonding-slip of the longitudinal bars．
2015, 45(5): 162-165.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505034
Abstract:
Shenyang North Ｒailway Station canopy without station column was consisted of 17 steel trusses ， connected by steel purlines and the upside was paved with color plate． Due to insufficient function，the study of roof additional ceiling reconstruction project was carried． According to the simulation calculation，it was compared the schemes from increase in area，adding more cables and all coverage etc，which could guarantee the security，the economy and the operability of the project． The scheme of increasing stayed cables was confirmed，with which the redistribution of structural inner forces was adjusted to satisfy the force requirement of the reconstructed structure，and avoid the reinforcement of the existing canopy structure members and guarantee the project operability of the canopy．
Shenyang North Ｒailway Station canopy without station column was consisted of 17 steel trusses ， connected by steel purlines and the upside was paved with color plate． Due to insufficient function，the study of roof additional ceiling reconstruction project was carried． According to the simulation calculation，it was compared the schemes from increase in area，adding more cables and all coverage etc，which could guarantee the security，the economy and the operability of the project． The scheme of increasing stayed cables was confirmed，with which the redistribution of structural inner forces was adjusted to satisfy the force requirement of the reconstructed structure，and avoid the reinforcement of the existing canopy structure members and guarantee the project operability of the canopy．
2015, 45(5): 166-173.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201505035
Abstract:
It is easy for a chicken claw ditch topography to cause the upper subgrade deformation instability and differential settlement，especially when a high rockfill embankment is built in its upper parts，the stability problem would be more prominent． At present there is no research result in the subject． For this reason，based on a mountain area highway construction project，the numerical calculation was carried out with an emphasis on the stability and different strengthening technical effect of the chicken claw ditch high rockfill embankment． The study found that such subgrade displacement deformation was greater than the general embankment，and the design check should be enhanced and the corresponding construction measures should also be taken． The changes in slope，width and height etc of the embankment would cause obvious change in road shoulder and slope toe，as well the internal stress distribution． Step method，the reinforcement，grouting and dynamic compaction were analyzed，and the step method was selected for high rockfill embankment strengthening． Calculation results showed that the method could ensure embankment slope safety factor to meet the requirements of the stability． Considering economy，it was suggested that this method should be used to reinforce such embankment．
It is easy for a chicken claw ditch topography to cause the upper subgrade deformation instability and differential settlement，especially when a high rockfill embankment is built in its upper parts，the stability problem would be more prominent． At present there is no research result in the subject． For this reason，based on a mountain area highway construction project，the numerical calculation was carried out with an emphasis on the stability and different strengthening technical effect of the chicken claw ditch high rockfill embankment． The study found that such subgrade displacement deformation was greater than the general embankment，and the design check should be enhanced and the corresponding construction measures should also be taken． The changes in slope，width and height etc of the embankment would cause obvious change in road shoulder and slope toe，as well the internal stress distribution． Step method，the reinforcement，grouting and dynamic compaction were analyzed，and the step method was selected for high rockfill embankment strengthening． Calculation results showed that the method could ensure embankment slope safety factor to meet the requirements of the stability． Considering economy，it was suggested that this method should be used to reinforce such embankment．
