A Synergistic Method for Deformation Sensing of Port Approach Bridges Based on BIM and Multi-Source Remote Sensing
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摘要: 为精准分离港口引桥形变中“地基沉降”与“结构损伤”的贡献,实现损伤的物理归因,通过构建“多源感知-物理建模-偏差诊断”融合方法框架,研究了一种协同时序InSAR地基沉降监测、高分辨率光学影像阴影分析与建筑信息模型(BIM)参数化力学模拟的港口引桥一体化形变协同感知与损伤诊断方法。首先在统一时空基准下,利用时序PS-InSAR技术提取地基时序沉降场,基于改进归一化阴影指数(NSI)反演引桥支柱顶部相对形变;再将LOD350级BIM模型转化为参数化梁格力学模型,以地基沉降和温度荷载为输入计算理论形变响应;最后通过构建损伤风险指数(DRI)量化观测形变与理论形变的偏差,实现损伤预警与定位,并结合实际工程案例完成闭环验证。结果表明:本方法形变监测平均绝对误差约1.14 mm,均方根误差约1.46 mm,88%的数据误差不大于2 mm,损伤识别准确率达93.7%,可实现“大范围预警—局部定位—现场核实—修复验证”的全链条诊断。可见,该方法有效突破了单一遥感技术难以解释形变成因的局限,实现了从“现象感知”到“机理解释”的跨越,为港口引桥等长线状钢结构基础设施的智慧化运维提供了可靠的技术范式。Abstract: In order to accurately separate the contributions of foundation settlement and structural damage to the deformation of port approach bridges and realize the physical attribution of structural damage, an integrated framework of "multi-source perception–physical modeling–deviation diagnosis" was adopted to develop a synergistic method combining time-series PS-InSAR-based foundation settlement monitoring, high-resolution optical image shadow analysis, and BIM-based parametric mechanical modeling. First, under a unified spatiotemporal datum, time-series PS-InSAR technology was applied to extract the foundation settlement field, while an improved Normalized Shadow Index (NSI) was used to invert the relative deformation at the tops of bridge piers. Second, an LOD350-level BIM model was converted into a parametric beam-grid mechanical model, and foundation settlement as well as thermal loads were taken as inputs to calculate the theoretical deformation response. Finally, a Damage Risk Index (DRI) was constructed to quantify the deviation between monitored and theoretical deformations, enabling damage early warning and localization. Closed-loop verification was further performed using an actual engineering case. The results showed that the proposed method achieved a mean absolute error (MAE) of approximately 1.14 mm and a root mean square error (RMSE) of approximately 1.46 mm in deformation monitoring, with 88% of data points having an error no greater than 2 mm and a damage identification accuracy of 93.7%. This method also supports the full-chain diagnostic process of "large-scale early warning – localized positioning–on-site verification – repair validation". It is concluded that this method effectively overcomes the limitations of single remote sensing techniques in interpreting deformation causes, achieves the transition from "phenomenon perception" to "mechanism interpretation", and thus provides a reliable technical paradigm for the intelligent operation and maintenance of long linear steel-structure infrastructures such as port approach bridges.
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Key words:
- BIM /
- multi-source remote sensing /
- damage diagnosis /
- digital twin
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