Finite Element Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Shear Wall-Composite Slab Joints Anchored by Slab-End Projecting Reinforcement in Nuclear Power Plants
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摘要: 核电厂房属于混凝土厚墙厚板结构,其剪力墙-楼板节点通常视为固支,是影响整体结构受力与破坏模式的关键部位。目前该类结构主要采用现浇混凝土楼板,其面临模板支撑消耗大、工期长、能耗大等问题。采用“免模少撑”的叠合混凝土板技术可有效解决上述问题。为此,提出了一种板端出筋弯折锚固的核电厂房混凝土剪力墙-叠合混凝土板节点构造,并基于经节点抗震试验结果验证的ABAQUS实体有限元模型,重点分析混凝土强度等级(C40、C50、C60)与楼板配筋率(0.45%、0.58%、0.71%)对墙板节点模型受力性能的影响规律。结果表明:所有模型均发生板端受弯破坏;混凝土强度对节点承载力影响甚微(差异<2%),但强度提高会增大初始刚度,降低延性,与C40节点相比,C50和C60节点正(反)向初始刚度分别提高10.92%(6.89%)和20.30%(11.87%),延性系数分别降低6.28%(2.45%)和17.93%(14.08%);增加配筋率可提升承载力和初始刚度,但同样会削弱延性,楼板配筋率为0.58%和0.71%的节点模型比楼板配筋率0.45%的模型正(反)向承载力分别提升了15.97%(23.58%)和30.79%(34.69%),初始刚度分别增加17.22%(7.48%)、31.55%(19.34%),延性系数分别下降16.45%(20.37%) 和19.59%(29.79%)。总体上,该类剪力墙-叠合板节点的承载力与现浇节点理论计算值差异均在10%以内,且延性系数均不小于5,表明板端出筋弯折锚固的剪力墙-叠合板节点能实现可靠的板端固支性能,并具有良好的受力性能。Abstract: Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) are typically characterized by concrete structures with thick walls and thick slabs. Their shear wall-slab joints are generally regarded as fixed supports, which are the key components affecting the mechanical properties and failure modes of the overall structure. Cast-in-situ concrete slabs are currently the predominant floor systems adopted in such structures; however, they suffer from drawbacks including great demand for formwork and propping, prolonged construction periods, and high energy consumption. Applying the formwork-free and minimal-propping concrete composite slab technology to wall-slab joints can effectively overcome these limitations. This study proposed a concrete shear wall-concrete composite slab joint with slab-end hooked projecting reinforcement anchorage for nuclear power plant structures. Based on an ABAQUS three-dimensional solid finite element model validated against seismic test results of the joint, the effects of concrete strength (C40, C50, and C60) and slab reinforcement ratio (0.45%, 0.58%, and 0.71%) on the seismic performance of the joint were systematically analyzed. The results indicated that all models failed in a flexural mode at the slab ends. Concrete strength had a negligible effect on joint bearing capacity, with differences of less than 2%. However, increasing concrete strength led to higher initial stiffness and reduced ductility. Compared with joints using C40 concrete, those with C50 and C60 concrete exhibited increases in forward (reverse) initial stiffness of 10.92% (6.89%) and 20.30% (11.87%), respectively, while the forward (reverse) ductility coefficients decreased by 6.28% (2.45%) and 17.93% (14.08%), respectively. Increasing the slab reinforcement ratio enhanced the bearing capacity and initial stiffness but reduced ductility. Compared with joints having a reinforcement ratio of 0.45%, those with ratios of 0.58% and 0.71% showed increases in forward (reverse) bearing capacity of 15.97% (23.58%) and 30.79% (34.69%), respectively; increases in initial stiffness of 17.22% (7.48%) and 31.55% (19.34%), respectively; and decreases in ductility coefficients of 16.45% (20.37%) and 19.59% (29.79%), respectively. For all parameter cases, the bearing capacity of the precast joint differed from the theoretical value of the cast-in-situ joint by less than 10%, and all ductility coefficients exceeded 5. These results indicate that shear wall-concrete composite slab joints anchored by slab-end projecting reinforcement can achieve reliable fixed connections and exhibit satisfactory seismic performance.
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