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An Intelligent Dynamic Welding Method of Prefabricated Steel Structures Guided by High-Precision 3D Laser Scanning
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摘要: 装配式钢结构因其良好的施工便捷性，在现代建筑工程中得到广泛应用。然而，传统的焊接工艺在钢结构的连接过程中面临焊接精度低、自动化水平不足、施工质量受人为因素影响较大等问题，严重制约了装配式建筑的智能化和高效化发展。为此，提出了一种基于高精度三维激光引导的装配式钢结构智能动态焊接方法，以提升焊接精度，减少人为误差，并实现焊接过程的智能化控制。本方法利用高精度三维激光扫描技术获取焊接区域的空间特征，通过点云数据处理与智能识别算法，自动识别焊缝位置及形态，进而精确规划焊接轨迹。结合机器人视觉引导技术与自适应控制算法，系统能够实时调整焊接参数，以适应焊缝间隙、构件公差及施工环境变化，提高焊接精度和一致性。同时，引入深度学习模型对焊接过程进行智能监测与缺陷检测，通过焊缝成形质量分析和焊接缺陷识别，实现焊接质量的实时评估和优化调整。为验证该方法的有效性，搭建了高精度三维激光扫描与智能焊接试验平台，并在不同工况下进行了焊接精度、焊接效率及焊接质量的测试分析。试验结果表明，该方法能够显著提高焊缝定位精度，减少焊接变形，提高焊接强度与一致性，并有效降低施工成本和人工干预需求。相比传统焊接方式，本研究提出的方法在装配式钢结构施工中展现出了更高的智能化水平和更优的工程适用性，为装配式建筑智能建造提供了一种高效、可靠的焊接解决方案。Abstract: Prefabricated steel structures have been widely employed due to their easy assembly. However， traditional welding processes suffer from low accuracy， limited automation， and significant dependence on manual operation， which hinder the intelligent and efficient development of prefabricated buildings. To address these challenges， this paper proposes an intelligent dynamic welding method for prefabricated steel reinforced concrete （SRC） structures based on high-precision three-dimensional laser guidance. This method enhances welding accuracy， minimizes manual errors， and enables intelligent control of the welding process. It utilizes high-precision 3D laser scanning to capture the spatial characteristics of the welding area， automatically identifying weld positions and shapes through point cloud data processing and intelligent recognition algorithms. The system then precisely plans the welding trajectory. By integrating robotic vision guidance and adaptive control algorithms， it dynamically adjusts welding parameters in real time to accommodate variations in weld gaps， component tolerances， and environmental conditions， thereby improving welding accuracy and consistency. Additionally， a deep learning model is incorporated to intelligently monitor and detect welding defects， enabling real-time evaluation and optimization through weld formation quality analysis and defect recognition. To validate the proposed method， a high-precision 3D laser scanning and intelligent welding experimental platform was developed， and welding accuracy， efficiency， and quality were tested under various conditions. Experimental results demonstrated that this method significantly improved weld positioning accuracy， reduced deformation， enhanced welding strength and consistency， and lowered both construction costs and manual intervention. Compared to traditional welding techniques， the proposed method offers greater intelligence and superior engineering applicability， providing an efficient and reliable welding solution for the intelligent construction of prefabricated SRC structures.
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