开敞建筑顶棚风荷载试验和数值模拟研究

李明; 蒋媛; 张奥; 朱皓

doi:10.3724/j.gyjzG25032502

开敞建筑顶棚风荷载试验和数值模拟研究

doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25032502

中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司, 成都 610072

基金项目:

中国电建集团成都院科技项目（P49321，P62824）。

详细信息

作者简介:
李明，正高级工程师，主要从事结构防灾减灾工程方面的工作。

通讯作者:
蒋媛，博士研究生，正高级工程师，主要从事建筑结构抗风设计，2012026@chidi.com.cn。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-03-25
- 网络出版日期: 2026-11-06

Experimental and Numerical Simulations of Wind Loads on Open Building Canopies

Power China Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Chengdu 610072, China

摘要

摘要: 针对建筑屋顶附属雨棚在复合干扰下的风荷载作用机理不明问题，通过风洞试验与数值模拟相结合的方法，系统研究了不同建筑高度与风向角对雨棚风压分布的影响规律。基于1∶50缩尺模型的风洞试验，模拟B类地貌风场，分析了建筑高度（6，12，18，24 m）及风向角（0°~45°）对平均风压与极值风压的调控效应。数值模拟采用NSRFG方法生成湍流边界层，结合大涡模拟（LES）解析流场特性，并通过涡量分布与流场结构揭示了风荷载动态响应机制。研究表明：建筑高度显著影响雨棚风荷载，临界高度为12 m时极值风压系数达-3.0，且风向角25°附近风荷载方向敏感性最强；风压分布受柱状涡与锥形涡主导，迎风缘涡流分离导致局部负压峰值，下表面正压与上表面负压叠加形成“双负效应”，加剧整体风吸力；数值模拟进一步表明，12 m高度下柱状涡尺度与尾流涡强度最大，覆盖雨棚全表面，导致风荷载骤增。研究成果阐明了屋顶雨棚在复杂干扰下的风压动态演化机理，为开敞建筑顶棚的抗风设计提供了理论依据，并验证了试验与数值方法协同研究的有效性。
- 风洞试验 /
- 大涡模拟 /
- 风压分布 /
- 抗风设计
Abstract: This study addresses the mechanism by which wind loads act on roof-attached canopies under complex interference conditions， which remains inadequately understood. Combining wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations， this study systematically investigated the effects of building height and wind direction angle on the wind pressure distribution on canopies. Wind tunnel tests were conducted using a 1∶50 scale model in a simulated Class B topographic wind field， and the effects of building heights （6 m， 12 m， 18 m， 24 m） and wind direction angles （0°-45°） on mean and extreme wind pressures were analyzed. Numerical simulations employed the NSRFG method to generate turbulent boundary layers and large eddy simulation （LES） to analyze flow field characteristics， revealing the dynamic response mechanism of wind loads through vorticity distribution and flow structure. The results showed that building height significantly influenced the wind load on canopies， with a critical height of 12 m identified. At this height， the extreme wind pressure coefficient reached -3.0， and the wind load exhibited the strongest directional sensitivity at a wind direction angle of approximately 25°. The wind pressure distribution was dominated by cylindrical and conical vortices. Local negative pressure peaks were caused by vortex separation at the windward edge， and a “double negative effect” was formed by the superposition of positive pressure on the lower surface and negative pressure on the upper surface， which collectively enhanced the overall wind suction. Numerical simulations further indicated that at a height of 12 m， the cylindrical vortex size and wake vortex intensity were the largest， covering the entire canopy surface and causing a sharp increase in wind load. This study clarified the dynamic evolution mechanism of wind pressure on roof-attached canopies under complex interference conditions， providing a theoretical basis for the wind-resistant design of such structures and validating the effectiveness of the combined experimental and numerical simulations.
- wind tunnel testing /
- large eddy simulation /
- wind pressure distribution /
- wind-resistant design

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