风速对油罐车火灾下钢桥承载性能影响研究

王中文; 李志生; 彭银辉; 张清华; 崔闯

doi:10.3724/j.gyjzG24090307

风速对油罐车火灾下钢桥承载性能影响研究

doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG24090307

1. 保利长大工程有限公司, 广州 510602;
2. 西南交通大学土木工程学院, 成都 610031

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目（52108176，52278318，52378316）。

详细信息

作者简介:
王中文，博士，高级工程师，主要从事公路桥梁建造技术方向研究，wangzhongwen@vip.163.com。

通讯作者:
崔闯，博士，副教授，主要从事高性能钢与组合结构桥梁方向研究，ccui@swjtu.edu.cn。

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-03
- 网络出版日期: 2026-08-31
- 刊出日期: 2026-07-20

Effects of Wind Speed on the Load-Bearing Performance of Steel Bridges Under Tank Truck Fires

1. Poly Changda Engineering Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510602, China;
2. Department of Bridge Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China

摘要

摘要: 当处于环境风场中的钢桥发生极端火灾时，风速对火灾的发展过程有重要影响，研究考虑环境风场影响的多灾耦合作用下钢桥火灾温度场及结构响应是目前钢桥抗火研究亟待解决的关键问题。以某30 m简支钢箱梁桥为背景，基于燃烧学及火灾学原理，结合计算流体动力学软件（FDS）数值模拟计算出不同风速中50 m³油罐车火灾最大热释放速率，利用指数模型确定了火灾热释放速率曲线，通过CFD-FEM耦合方法分析了不同风速油罐车火灾作用下钢箱梁火灾温度场，采用热-结构耦合分析法确定火灾作用下钢桥的耐火极限。结果表明：环境风速由平均风速4.20 m/s增至最大风速9.86 m/s时，50 m³油罐车火灾最大热释放速率随风速增大由52.436 MW增大至104.636 MW，其增量逐渐减小；随着风速的增加，火灾燃烧时间约缩短为原来的50%，火焰高度逐渐降低，并趋近稳定［稳定在6.75 m（去除油罐车高度）］，火焰中心区域逐渐扩大，烟气流动向下风向倾斜；油罐车火灾作用下钢箱梁表面高温核心区随风速的增大往下风向逐渐迁移并不断扩大，不同风速工况下钢箱梁经热传导、对流及辐射作用最高温度在600~730 ℃变化，受火约30~40 min时基本保持恒定；不同风速工况火灾作用下主梁跨中挠度均超过限值，风速由4.20 m/s增大至9.86 m/s时，主梁耐火时间由25.7 min缩短至13.3 min，降低约50%，钢箱梁因变形过大导致失效。
- 钢桥 /
- 油罐车火灾 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 热释放速率 /
- 热释放速率曲线 /
- 火灾温度场 /
- 耐火时间
Abstract: When extreme fires occur in steel bridges in ambient wind field， wind speed influences the fire development process. The study of the fire temperature field and structural response of steel bridges under the effect of multi-hazard coupling， considering the influence of ambient wind field， is a key problem that needs to be solved in the current research on steel bridge fire resistance. This paper calculated the maximum heat release rate of a 50 m³ tank truck fire at different wind speeds based on the background of a 30 m simply-supported steel box girder bridge and the principles of combustion and fire science， combined with FDS numerical simulation. In addition， this paper determined the fire heat release rate curve through the exponential model， analyzed the steel box girder fire temperature field under the action of different wind speeds of tank truck fire through the CFD-FEM coupling method. Finally， it determined the fire resistance limit of the steel bridge under the action of fire through thermal-structure coupling analysis. The analysis showed that when the average wind speed increased from 4.20 m /s to 9.86 m /s， the maximum heat release rate of a 50 m³ tank truck fire increased from 52.436 MW to 104.636 MW with increasing wind speed， and its increment gradually decreased； as the wind speed increased， the fire burning time was reduced to approximately 50% of the original， the flame height gradually decreased and tended to stabilize at 6.75 m （removing the height of the tanker）， the central area of the flame gradually expanded， and the smoke flow tilted downwind. The high-temperature core area on the surface of the steel box girder under the action of a tank truck fire gradually migrated and expanded downwind with the increase of wind speed， and the highest temperature of the steel box girder under different wind speed conditions varied from 600 ℃ to 730 ℃ due to heat conduction， convection， and radiation， and remained basically constant when subjected to fire for about 30-40 min； the mid-span deflection of the main girder under fire conditions at different wind speeds exceeded the limit value. When the wind speed increased from 4.20 m/s to 9.86 m/s， the fire resistance time of the main girder was shortened from 25.7 min to 13.3 min， representing a a reduction of approximately 50%. The steel box girder ultimately failed due to excessive deformation.
- steel bridge /
- tanker truck fire /
- numerical simulation /
- heat release rate /
- heat release rate curve /
- fire temperature field /
- fire resistance time

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