Research on Wind Tunnel Test and Strengthening Measures of Standing Seam Metal Roofs
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摘要: 金属屋面作为一种重要的建筑结构,因其造型美观,轻质高强等独特优势,已被广泛应用于各种大型公共场馆中。然而,当前针对金属屋面抗风性能的研究还存在一定不足,国内外金属屋面风揭破坏现象时有发生,对人们的生命财产安全产生严重威胁。基于此,以厦门国际博览中心金属屋面工程为背景,采用风洞试验研究了大型金属屋面在风荷载作用下的抗风性能。通过搭建风洞试验平台,模拟不同风速和风向角下金属屋面的受力状态,测量和分析其受力特点、等效风荷载和风振系数等分布规律,得出了围护结构风荷载标准值,并对常见的两种计算方法进行了对比分析,得到在围护结构的风荷载标准值计算中采用两种方法的包络结果较为安全。采用ANSYS有限元软件建立了陆侧展厅的金属屋面模型,并进行风振计算,通过分析位移时程、典型节点等效风荷载等,得出了可用于本工程设计的整体风荷载值。总结了金属屋面在强风环境下的受力特点和失稳形态,并分析了影响金属屋面抗风性能的因素。提出了金属屋面抗风设计的加固措施,包括增强抗风连接和锁边高度,合理选用材料和构造形式等,以期为今后该类结构的设计提供理论指导和科学依据。Abstract: As a common building structure, metal roofs have been widely used in various large public buildings because of their unique advantages such as beautiful shape, light weight and high strength. However, there are still some limitations in the current research on the wind resistance of metal roofing. Therefore, this paper studies the wind resistance of large metal roofing under wind load based on wind tunnel tests on the background of the metal roofing project of Xiamen New International Expo Center. Through the wind tunnel testing, the stress state of the metal roofing under different wind speeds and wind angles was simulated. The distribution of force characteristics, equivalent wind load, and wind vibration coefficient were measured. The standard value of wind load of the envelope structure was obtained, and the two common calculation methods were compared. The envelope results of the two methods are safe in the calculation of the standard wind load of the envelope structure. Finally, the ANSYS finite element software was used to establish the metal roof model of the landside exhibition hall, and the wind vibration calculation was carried out. By analyzing the displacement time history and the equivalent wind load of typical joints, the overall wind load value which could be used in this project design was obtained. The stress characteristics and instability modes of metal roofing in a strong wind environment were summarized, and the factors affecting the wind resistance of metal roofing were analyzed. The strengthening measures for wind resistance design of metal roofing were put forward, including enhancing wind resistance connection and locking height, rational selection of materials and structures, so as to provide a certain theoretical guidance and scientific basis for the design of such structures in the future.
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