Experimential Research on the Dynamic Characteristics of Wind Turbine Support Structures Using Vibration Table Model
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摘要: 为研究海上风电机组支撑结构的动力特性,针对某6.45 MW、高度约135 m的海上单桩风力发电机塔架进行相似比为1∶15的振动台缩尺模型设计。基于量纲分析法进行相似设计,利用“配重平台+配重块”的形式设计附加质量以满足刚度相似,参考等效嵌固点法确定嵌土钢管桩的有效计算长度,通过施加定位移激励和在塔架底部输入双向白噪声激励,对塔架结构进行动力特性测试。试验结果表明:塔架试验模型的阻尼比为0.67%,结构自身阻尼较低;缩尺模型的试验频率与原型实测频率相接近,且试验模型与足尺模型的归一化振型分布吻合度较高,验证该模型缩尺相似方法具备合理有效性;塔顶加速度响应存在明显的拍振现象,说明高柔的细长结构在水平向外激励下会产生扭转。Abstract: In order to study the dynamic characteristics of the support structure of an offshore wind turbine (OWT), a 1∶15 scaling model was designed for a 6.45 MW offshore single-pile wind turbine with a height of approximately 135 m. The similar design was carried out based on dimensional analysis, and the additional mass was designed in the form of “counterweight platform +counterweight block” to meet the similar stiffness. The effective length of the embedded steel pipe pile was determined using the equivalent embedding point method, and the dynamic characteristics of the tower structure were tested by applying a predefined displacement excitation along with bidirectional white noise input at its base. The test results showed that the damping ratio of the tower model was 0.67%, demonstrating low inherent structural damping. The experimental frequency was close to that of the prototype. Furthermore, the normalized mode shapes of the model and the full-scale structure showed good agreement, thereby validating the scaling method as reasonable and effective. The acceleration response at the tower top exhibited a distinct "beat vibration" phenomenon. This indicates that the highly flexible and slender structure produces torsion under the action of horizontal outward-excitation.
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Key words:
- wind turbine tower /
- shaking table test /
- scale model /
- dynamic characteristic
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