Deformation and Mechanism Analysis of Tunnel Surrounding Rock Crossing Active Fault Zones
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摘要: 为了研究穿活动断裂带隧道中的围岩变形破坏机理,以华丽高速东马场1号隧道为例,通过现场数据监测分析穿活动断裂带隧道围岩的变形规律,总结了支护结构的破坏特征并根据相关规范对隧道大变形进行分级,提出了活动断裂影响下隧道围岩的大变形机理。分析结果表明:穿活动断裂带隧道围岩变形以拱顶沉降为主,大变形现象集中在岩体破碎程度高的断层影响区与地应力较大的隧道出口段;隧道围岩中软岩占比较大(68.9%),支护结构开裂破坏以及围岩流变变形现象严重;围岩整体强度应力比小于0.25,围岩变形速率大于50 mm/d,整体变形量大于500 mm,属于强烈大变形;围岩变形机理为断裂带及影响区岩体破碎风化机制,软岩在高地应力作用下的塑性流动机制,以及软-硬接触或软弱夹层岩体的软弱层发生塑性挤压机制。Abstract: In order to study the deformation and failure mechanism of surrounding rock in tunnels crossing active fault zones, the Dongmachang No. 1 Tunnel of the Huali high-speed railway was taken as an example. The deformation behavior of the surrounding rock in the tunnel crossing an active fault zone was analyzed through field monitoring data, and the failure characteristics of the supporting structure were summarized. Based on relevant standards, the large deformation mechanism of the tunnel surrounding rock under the influence of the active fault was proposed. The analysis results showed that the deformation of the surrounding rock in the tunnel crossing an active fault zone was mainly the arch roof settlement. Large deformation was concentrated both in the highly fractured fault-influenced zone and in the tunnel exit section with high ground stress. The proportion of soft rock in the surrounding rock was relatively high (68.9%), and cracking and rheological deformation of the supporting structure were severe. The overall strength-to-stress ratio of the surrounding rock was less than 0.25, the deformation rate exceeded 50 mm/d, and the total deformation exceeded 500 mm, indicating strong and large deformation. The deformation mechanisms of the surrounding rock included the fracturing and weathering of the rock mass in the fracture zone and its affected zones, the plastic flow mechanism of soft rock under high ground stress, and the plastic extrusion mechanism at soft-hard contacts or within soft interlayers in the soft rock mass.
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