Abstract: Engineered cementitious composite ( ECC) can significantly improve the anti-cracking performance and damage resistance ability of concrete structure due to its pseudo strain hardening and multiple cracking performances． Specimens of 9 groups with different mix of engineered cementitious composite were designed and their compressive properties were tested． By comparing with concrete and mortar matrix，the following conclusions were drawn: 1) engineered cementitious composite showed good compressive resilience in the compression failure，which was markedly different from ordinary concrete and mortar matrix; 2) on the secondary loading，the fiber of the fractured cross-section carried most of the tension and multiple cracks occurred within the specimens，which made energy releasing during damage of the material; 3) on the condition of full dispersion of fiber and liquidity of mixture，the lower the water-binder ratio，the higher the compressive strength，and the increase of fly ash could improve interface property and ductility of the material; 4) the secondary compression strength of engineered cementitious composite was close to its first compression strength and its strength continued to grow to some extent even after damaged， so its ability of resistance to damage is significantly better than that of ordinary concrete．