Experimental and Numerical Simulations of Wind Loads on Open Building Canopies

LI Ming; JIANG Yuan; ZHANG Ao; ZHU Hao

doi:10.3724/j.gyjzG25032502

Volume 56 Issue 8

Aug. 2026

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LI Ming, JIANG Yuan, ZHANG Ao, ZHU Hao. Experimental and Numerical Simulations of Wind Loads on Open Building Canopies[J]. INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTION, 2026, 56(8): 110-120. doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25032502

Citation:

LI Ming, JIANG Yuan, ZHANG Ao, ZHU Hao. Experimental and Numerical Simulations of Wind Loads on Open Building Canopies[J]. INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTION, 2026, 56(8): 110-120. doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25032502

LI Ming, JIANG Yuan, ZHANG Ao, ZHU Hao. Experimental and Numerical Simulations of Wind Loads on Open Building Canopies[J]. INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTION, 2026, 56(8): 110-120. doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25032502

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Experimental and Numerical Simulations of Wind Loads on Open Building Canopies

doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25032502

Power China Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Chengdu 610072, China

Received Date: 2025-03-25
Available Online: 2026-11-06

Abstract

Abstract

This study addresses the mechanism by which wind loads act on roof-attached canopies under complex interference conditions， which remains inadequately understood. Combining wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations， this study systematically investigated the effects of building height and wind direction angle on the wind pressure distribution on canopies. Wind tunnel tests were conducted using a 1∶50 scale model in a simulated Class B topographic wind field， and the effects of building heights （6 m， 12 m， 18 m， 24 m） and wind direction angles （0°-45°） on mean and extreme wind pressures were analyzed. Numerical simulations employed the NSRFG method to generate turbulent boundary layers and large eddy simulation （LES） to analyze flow field characteristics， revealing the dynamic response mechanism of wind loads through vorticity distribution and flow structure. The results showed that building height significantly influenced the wind load on canopies， with a critical height of 12 m identified. At this height， the extreme wind pressure coefficient reached -3.0， and the wind load exhibited the strongest directional sensitivity at a wind direction angle of approximately 25°. The wind pressure distribution was dominated by cylindrical and conical vortices. Local negative pressure peaks were caused by vortex separation at the windward edge， and a “double negative effect” was formed by the superposition of positive pressure on the lower surface and negative pressure on the upper surface， which collectively enhanced the overall wind suction. Numerical simulations further indicated that at a height of 12 m， the cylindrical vortex size and wake vortex intensity were the largest， covering the entire canopy surface and causing a sharp increase in wind load. This study clarified the dynamic evolution mechanism of wind pressure on roof-attached canopies under complex interference conditions， providing a theoretical basis for the wind-resistant design of such structures and validating the effectiveness of the combined experimental and numerical simulations.
- wind tunnel testing,
- large eddy simulation,
- wind pressure distribution,
- wind-resistant design

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References(25)

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