Based on the steel bridge project on Guangde Road in Hefei, this study investigated the step-by-step incremental launching technology for long-span steel box girder grillage systems. Considering the site constraints and river navigation requirements, a systematic study of the incremental launching scheme was conducted, establishing standardized design principles for the launching scheme, guide beams, sliding system, power system, control system, support system, and protection system. A finite element model was developed to analyze the launching process, identifying the most unfavorable loading conditions and the corresponding structural stresses at each launching step. The monitoring scheme and key control points were determined based on the numerical results. Full-process monitoring was performed during construction, and the measured data verified the accuracy of the numerical model.