An Immersive VR Experimental System for Human Fire Evacuation Behavior Integrating Multi-Sensory Human-Computer Interaction

Virtual Reality （VR） technology has been gradually used in recent years for research related to evacuation behavior in fires due to its features of high experimental control and low human injury. However， it also faces the great challenges of how to create a highly realistic human-computer interaction environment and how to obtain reliable behavioral experimental data. In this study， a multi-sensory human-computer interaction virtual reality fire evacuation behavior experimental system has been developed based on Unity 3D engine. The system creates a highly realistic fire scene in a virtual environment， integrating multi-sensory interaction mechanisms such as vision， hearing， touch， temperature， smell， motion， and socialization. The system can enhance the sense of environmental immersion for participants in behavioral experiments and motivate them to exhibit behavioral responses similar to those in real fires. In addition， the system has diversified experimental data collection and analysis functions， which can record the behavioral decisions and physiological state indicators of experimental participants in the evacuation process in real time， providing reliable data support for the study of evacuation behavior. Finally， a system validation experiment was carried out using the proposed experimental system. The results of the validation experiment indicate the stability of the system， the operational fluency of the interaction module and the data acquisition system， and the expected performance of the system. Therefore， the proposed system can effectively support experimental research in the field of fire emergency evacuation behavior.