To investigate the vibration response characteristics of overhead transmission lines and the influence of icing and anti-vibration dampers, a typical long-span conductor was taken as the research object. The fluctuating wind model was established with the harmonic superposition method based on the theory of stochastic process, and then, the functional expression of natural wind load was obtained. The dynamic analysis of conductors was carried out by the general finite element software ANSYS. In the self-damping condition, the wind-induced vibration responses of bare conductor and ice-covered conductor were analyzed and compared. Finally, by simplifying the anti-vibration dampers as a spring vibrator, the dynamic response simulation was conducted on the system of ice-covered conductors and anti-vibration dampers, the effect of the multi-point centrally arranged dampers in controlling the vibration response of conductors was verified in both downwind and veritical wind directions.