Influence of Natural Systems on Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Architecture in Mount Song in the Qing Dynasty

Mountain scenic architecture reflect the harmonious architecture wisdom in ancient China based on the natural system. Taking Mount Song as the research object and against the time background of the Qing Dynasty, through the research methods of historical data collection and analysis, field research, terrain space modeling etc, the natural system was divided into five basic elements: terrain, hydrology, meteorology, soil and biology. 37 buildings in Mount Song in the Qing Dynasty were sorted out and divided into 4 types: ritual buildings, religious buildings, residential buildings and educational buildings. The overall spatial distribution characteristics of buildings under the influence of each natural element and the spatial distribution differences of each type were explored respectively, which could deepen the understanding to the development mode of traditional mountains, and provide theoretical support for the positioning of scenic spots and the localization coustruction of the national park system. It was found that the buildings in Mount Song adapted to and made good use of the natural system, which reflected the wisdom of construction that conformed to nature, made good use of the situation, chosen the site according to the spiritual pursuit, and finally achieved the balance state of harmony between nature and humanity.