In order to study the structural response and damage form under earthquake, a two-bay-three-span three-story space steel frame structure with incomplete scale was selected. Ninghe wave, El Centro wave, and Taft wave were used as excitation to conduct shaking table tests. The paper analyzed the dynamic performance of the model frame, and conducted seismic performance research and damage analysis of the structure in terms of acceleration response, displacement response and strain response. The results showed that as the earthquake intensity increased and the structural damage accumulated, the structural dynamic amplification factor decreased and the displacement response increased. The seismic performance of the structure was evaluated based on the IDA method, so as to provide a reference for the selection of sub-structures in structural seismic experimental analysis.