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2025 Vol. 55, No. 6
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2025, 55(6): 1-7.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG24041509
Abstract:
The industrial built environment is a spatial aggregation with unique ontological properties： its factors are mutable （showing more synchronic characteristics）， while its layout remains relatively stable （presenting diachronic features more prominently）.Based on the internal construction logic of industrial built environments and opposing the binary perspective of integrity and authenticity in industrial heritage， this paper proposes an operable theoretical paradigm of "layout restoration and gradient conservation of elements". Taking the initial status of the existing industrial built environment as the reference， with the integrity of the layout as the primary principle and the authenticity of the elements as the secondary principle， this method was interpreted in detail. Then， the proposed method was empirically demonstrated using the Magang No.9 Blast Furnace as a case study. Through the binary dialectical recollection， the applicable conservation methods for the industrial built environment were summarized. The iterative succession of the industrial built environment was discussed through interventions such as conservation， restoration， regeneration， and reuse， providing a reference for future research and practice.
The industrial built environment is a spatial aggregation with unique ontological properties： its factors are mutable （showing more synchronic characteristics）， while its layout remains relatively stable （presenting diachronic features more prominently）.Based on the internal construction logic of industrial built environments and opposing the binary perspective of integrity and authenticity in industrial heritage， this paper proposes an operable theoretical paradigm of "layout restoration and gradient conservation of elements". Taking the initial status of the existing industrial built environment as the reference， with the integrity of the layout as the primary principle and the authenticity of the elements as the secondary principle， this method was interpreted in detail. Then， the proposed method was empirically demonstrated using the Magang No.9 Blast Furnace as a case study. Through the binary dialectical recollection， the applicable conservation methods for the industrial built environment were summarized. The iterative succession of the industrial built environment was discussed through interventions such as conservation， restoration， regeneration， and reuse， providing a reference for future research and practice.
2025, 55(6): 8-17.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25020403
Abstract:
Under the context of urban regeneration and sustainable development， industrial heritage conservation faces challenges such as functional homogenization and unsustainable business models. Taking the Shanghai World Expo Cultural Expo District as a case study， this paper explores an iterative conservation model for industrial heritage in urban renewal context. The study reveals that traditional conservation approaches， overly reliant on capital-driven interventions and neglecting long-term operations and community integration， usually lead to cycles of "gentrification" and a dilemma of secondary renewal. To address these issues， an "iterative conservation" theoretical framework is proposed， emphasizing dynamic adaptability， contextual relevance， and a people-oriented approach. By setting phased objectives， conducting dynamic value assessments， implementing comprehensive intervention measures， and establishing long-term governance mechanisms， this framework facilitates the synergistic evolution of industrial heritage and urban development. In the case study， the Cultural Expo District revitalizes industrial heritage into cultural catalysts for regional vitality through integrating historical contexts， constructing flexible functional layouts， adopting reversible design strategies， and building multi-stakeholder governance platforms. The research demonstrates that iterative conservation not only provides adaptive pathways for industrial heritage， but also offers a theoretical paradigm for preserving contemporary built heritage and driving holistic urban revitalization， highlighting the role of historical-cultural resources as core drivers of urban development.
Under the context of urban regeneration and sustainable development， industrial heritage conservation faces challenges such as functional homogenization and unsustainable business models. Taking the Shanghai World Expo Cultural Expo District as a case study， this paper explores an iterative conservation model for industrial heritage in urban renewal context. The study reveals that traditional conservation approaches， overly reliant on capital-driven interventions and neglecting long-term operations and community integration， usually lead to cycles of "gentrification" and a dilemma of secondary renewal. To address these issues， an "iterative conservation" theoretical framework is proposed， emphasizing dynamic adaptability， contextual relevance， and a people-oriented approach. By setting phased objectives， conducting dynamic value assessments， implementing comprehensive intervention measures， and establishing long-term governance mechanisms， this framework facilitates the synergistic evolution of industrial heritage and urban development. In the case study， the Cultural Expo District revitalizes industrial heritage into cultural catalysts for regional vitality through integrating historical contexts， constructing flexible functional layouts， adopting reversible design strategies， and building multi-stakeholder governance platforms. The research demonstrates that iterative conservation not only provides adaptive pathways for industrial heritage， but also offers a theoretical paradigm for preserving contemporary built heritage and driving holistic urban revitalization， highlighting the role of historical-cultural resources as core drivers of urban development.
2025, 55(6): 18-27.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG24111809
Abstract:
This article focuses on 72 industrial heritage sites in Shenyang City， using digital footprints as a starting point， data collection using octopus collectors， and combining ROST CM6’s word frequency and social network analysis functions， as well as UCINET’s centrality， structural holes， network density， and cohesive subgroup analysis methods， to deeply explore the tourist attention， development status， and co-occurrence network characteristics of Shenyang’s industrial heritage network. The research results show that：1） significant difference in attention. The attention to industrial heritage in Shenyang shows obvious differences and regularity.2） highlight of core nodes. In the social network co-occurrence of industrial heritage， nodes located at the core of the network are highly consistent with industrial heritage that ranks high in attention.3） difficulty in connection. There are significant difficulties in connecting various industrial heritage sites with other heritage nodes， with 50 heritage sites isolated in the network. The overall heritage network exhibits the characteristics of "large dispersion， small aggregation".4） construction of networked spatial structure. To break the current dilemma， this article proposes to construct a networked spatial structure with "two cores， nine nodes， and seven zones" as the core， aiming to promote the optimization and upgrading of Shenyang’s industrial heritage network through multi line connection， core node radiation guidance， and multi cluster integrated development， explore new paths for industrial heritage protection and utilization， and promote the sustainable development and industrial cultural revival of Shenyang.
This article focuses on 72 industrial heritage sites in Shenyang City， using digital footprints as a starting point， data collection using octopus collectors， and combining ROST CM6’s word frequency and social network analysis functions， as well as UCINET’s centrality， structural holes， network density， and cohesive subgroup analysis methods， to deeply explore the tourist attention， development status， and co-occurrence network characteristics of Shenyang’s industrial heritage network. The research results show that：1） significant difference in attention. The attention to industrial heritage in Shenyang shows obvious differences and regularity.2） highlight of core nodes. In the social network co-occurrence of industrial heritage， nodes located at the core of the network are highly consistent with industrial heritage that ranks high in attention.3） difficulty in connection. There are significant difficulties in connecting various industrial heritage sites with other heritage nodes， with 50 heritage sites isolated in the network. The overall heritage network exhibits the characteristics of "large dispersion， small aggregation".4） construction of networked spatial structure. To break the current dilemma， this article proposes to construct a networked spatial structure with "two cores， nine nodes， and seven zones" as the core， aiming to promote the optimization and upgrading of Shenyang’s industrial heritage network through multi line connection， core node radiation guidance， and multi cluster integrated development， explore new paths for industrial heritage protection and utilization， and promote the sustainable development and industrial cultural revival of Shenyang.
2025, 55(6): 28-35.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25021211
Abstract:
The new-type industrialization has drawn attention to the "living" industrial heritage in the context of continued production， and it is urgent to develop protection and utilization strategies distinct from deindustrialization. This paper summarized the relevant concepts of "living" industrial heritage and defined its characteristics of continuing production functions， preserving production processes， inheriting production culture， and promoting local development. Taking the Shanghai Zhabei Power Plant as an example， this paper analyzed the adaptive protection strategies and composite utilization strategies for "living" industrial heritage， guided by the "one drop of oil to one kw·h of electricity" production process， to balance the dual-relationship between protection and continued production. This study further explored the suitable strategies for protection and utilization of "living" industrial heritage， aiming to provide a reference for its sustainable development.
The new-type industrialization has drawn attention to the "living" industrial heritage in the context of continued production， and it is urgent to develop protection and utilization strategies distinct from deindustrialization. This paper summarized the relevant concepts of "living" industrial heritage and defined its characteristics of continuing production functions， preserving production processes， inheriting production culture， and promoting local development. Taking the Shanghai Zhabei Power Plant as an example， this paper analyzed the adaptive protection strategies and composite utilization strategies for "living" industrial heritage， guided by the "one drop of oil to one kw·h of electricity" production process， to balance the dual-relationship between protection and continued production. This study further explored the suitable strategies for protection and utilization of "living" industrial heritage， aiming to provide a reference for its sustainable development.
2025, 55(6): 36-45.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25020402
Abstract:
The Chongqing Project 816 is a key military industrial project of the Third Front Construction and serves as the second nuclear raw material industrial base in China. Since its establishment in Fuling in 1966 until its transition from military to civilian use， it has undergone nearly 60 years of construction and transformation. The living quarters， as a vital component of the Project 816， represent the most direct material manifestation of its social form， reflecting changes in China’s planning and construction models. This study commences with an overview of the basic situation and development history of the Project 816 living quarters. Subsequently， it examines the housing policies within the living quarters of the Project 816 during the 1970 to 1999， particularly conducting an in-depth analysis of the allocation principles， housing standards， and rental conditions during the period of housing allocation. The study summarizes the reform stages and characteristics of the housing system in the living quarters of the Project 816. Ultimately， the study analyzes the architectural forms and spatial layouts of the living quarters， categorizing the typical structural forms of residential buildings in the Project 816 living quarters， represented by earth-rammed structures， red-brick buildings， grey-brick buildings， and cement buildings. Furthermore， it explores the evolutionary characteristics of their spatial layouts， aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and basis for the preservation and development of the Project 816 living quarters.
The Chongqing Project 816 is a key military industrial project of the Third Front Construction and serves as the second nuclear raw material industrial base in China. Since its establishment in Fuling in 1966 until its transition from military to civilian use， it has undergone nearly 60 years of construction and transformation. The living quarters， as a vital component of the Project 816， represent the most direct material manifestation of its social form， reflecting changes in China’s planning and construction models. This study commences with an overview of the basic situation and development history of the Project 816 living quarters. Subsequently， it examines the housing policies within the living quarters of the Project 816 during the 1970 to 1999， particularly conducting an in-depth analysis of the allocation principles， housing standards， and rental conditions during the period of housing allocation. The study summarizes the reform stages and characteristics of the housing system in the living quarters of the Project 816. Ultimately， the study analyzes the architectural forms and spatial layouts of the living quarters， categorizing the typical structural forms of residential buildings in the Project 816 living quarters， represented by earth-rammed structures， red-brick buildings， grey-brick buildings， and cement buildings. Furthermore， it explores the evolutionary characteristics of their spatial layouts， aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and basis for the preservation and development of the Project 816 living quarters.
2025, 55(6): 46-53.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25020404
Abstract:
This study aims to reconstruct the value system of railway heritage and explore its dynamic conservation and regeneration path， in view of the current dilemma of value cognition and sustainable utilization in China’s railway heritage conservation efforts. By constructing the framework of "concept change—connotation expansion—sustainable transformation"， the study systematically integrated the critical interpretation of colonial heritage， the restoration of linear spatial logic， and the recognition of process authenticity， breaking through the limitations of traditional conservation paradigms. Focusing on the multi-dimensional value transformation mechanism and incorporating the exploration of of technical， social， and artistic values， a strategy combining ownership integration， community participation， and heritage tourism was proposed. In order to coordinate the needs of railway heritage protection and sustainable urban development， this research proposes a thorough exploration of the technical， artistic， and social value of railway heritage from the perspective of its authenticity， integrity， and continuity.Furthermore， this study facilitates the value transformation of railway heritage from "static relics" to "dynamic resources" by adopting a stock-based development approach and addressing the negative legacy of colonial heritage， achieving synergy between cultural heritage and sustainable development.
This study aims to reconstruct the value system of railway heritage and explore its dynamic conservation and regeneration path， in view of the current dilemma of value cognition and sustainable utilization in China’s railway heritage conservation efforts. By constructing the framework of "concept change—connotation expansion—sustainable transformation"， the study systematically integrated the critical interpretation of colonial heritage， the restoration of linear spatial logic， and the recognition of process authenticity， breaking through the limitations of traditional conservation paradigms. Focusing on the multi-dimensional value transformation mechanism and incorporating the exploration of of technical， social， and artistic values， a strategy combining ownership integration， community participation， and heritage tourism was proposed. In order to coordinate the needs of railway heritage protection and sustainable urban development， this research proposes a thorough exploration of the technical， artistic， and social value of railway heritage from the perspective of its authenticity， integrity， and continuity.Furthermore， this study facilitates the value transformation of railway heritage from "static relics" to "dynamic resources" by adopting a stock-based development approach and addressing the negative legacy of colonial heritage， achieving synergy between cultural heritage and sustainable development.
2025, 55(6): 54-62.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25012702
Abstract:
This paper examines the transformation of village-level industrial parks in Guangzhou， with particular attention to the role of power relations in shaping decisions. It explores how various stakeholders interact and influence the transformation process， identifying three distinct modes： those led by operating entities， by the government， and by village collectives. The operating entities utilise their management rights to foster enterprise growth and increase asset value by providing professional services and improved facilities. In contrast， the government employs its administrative powers to promote industrial upgrading and enhance spatial quality through policy guidance and financial support. Meanwhile， the village collectives focus on developing their collective economy and improving local community environments through their ownership rights. This paper examines the differences among these three modes in terms of power bases， main objectives， stakeholder interests， property rights configurations， risk allocations， profit mechanisms and timelines， key transformation content， and power interaction mechanisms. It further examines the operational pathways of power relations and their spatial effects. The paper reveals the multidimensional and non-unilateral nature of power relations， proposing adherence to the principle of “power adaptation” when selecting a transformation mode. The chosen mode should align with the area's current development stage while comprehensively considering the rights and interests of all stakeholders.
This paper examines the transformation of village-level industrial parks in Guangzhou， with particular attention to the role of power relations in shaping decisions. It explores how various stakeholders interact and influence the transformation process， identifying three distinct modes： those led by operating entities， by the government， and by village collectives. The operating entities utilise their management rights to foster enterprise growth and increase asset value by providing professional services and improved facilities. In contrast， the government employs its administrative powers to promote industrial upgrading and enhance spatial quality through policy guidance and financial support. Meanwhile， the village collectives focus on developing their collective economy and improving local community environments through their ownership rights. This paper examines the differences among these three modes in terms of power bases， main objectives， stakeholder interests， property rights configurations， risk allocations， profit mechanisms and timelines， key transformation content， and power interaction mechanisms. It further examines the operational pathways of power relations and their spatial effects. The paper reveals the multidimensional and non-unilateral nature of power relations， proposing adherence to the principle of “power adaptation” when selecting a transformation mode. The chosen mode should align with the area's current development stage while comprehensively considering the rights and interests of all stakeholders.
2025, 55(6): 63-73.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25010501
Abstract:
The harbor heritage is an endangered species in the urban conservation of our country. As a supporting classic sample of China and a leading modern port in Asia， during the German lease period， Qingdao Dagang was systematically planned and built according to the situation， and has maintained a large-scale modern port planning and layout. Mainly from the perspective of port engineering and urban planning， based on history， based on combining the characteristics of the natural environment and the background of port construction， this paper accurately outlines the overall planning elements of Dagang port during the German lease period. Based on this， the wisdom and value of the port planning are analyzed. Based on the current situation， this paper proposes the concept of sustainable and holistic conservation promoted by planning heritage， and also explores the contents， principles， and strategies of holistic conservation， and improves the theory and path of holistic conservation of urban infrastructure heritage in China.
The harbor heritage is an endangered species in the urban conservation of our country. As a supporting classic sample of China and a leading modern port in Asia， during the German lease period， Qingdao Dagang was systematically planned and built according to the situation， and has maintained a large-scale modern port planning and layout. Mainly from the perspective of port engineering and urban planning， based on history， based on combining the characteristics of the natural environment and the background of port construction， this paper accurately outlines the overall planning elements of Dagang port during the German lease period. Based on this， the wisdom and value of the port planning are analyzed. Based on the current situation， this paper proposes the concept of sustainable and holistic conservation promoted by planning heritage， and also explores the contents， principles， and strategies of holistic conservation， and improves the theory and path of holistic conservation of urban infrastructure heritage in China.
2025, 55(6): 74-83.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG24111102
Abstract:
By systematically reviewing Japan’s inscription process， supported by historical data and field research， this paper identifies key factors in Japan’s success： foundational inscription work， driving forces， and major challenges. Japan’s achievements are attributed to sustained attention to global industrial heritage， a robust heritage protection system， and an accurate understanding of World Heritage trends. Its objectives for inscription include strengthening national image， supporting economic growth， and enhancing social recognition. Key aspects of their approach include emphasizing universal values on a global scale， coordinating efforts between government and civil society， managing living industrial heritage， and utilizing multi-channel funding mechanisms. Finally， for China’s industrial heritage inscription， this paper proposes strategies to enhance universal value， develop industrial heritage clusters， and establish a robust bidding framework to guide China’s heritage inscription efforts.
By systematically reviewing Japan’s inscription process， supported by historical data and field research， this paper identifies key factors in Japan’s success： foundational inscription work， driving forces， and major challenges. Japan’s achievements are attributed to sustained attention to global industrial heritage， a robust heritage protection system， and an accurate understanding of World Heritage trends. Its objectives for inscription include strengthening national image， supporting economic growth， and enhancing social recognition. Key aspects of their approach include emphasizing universal values on a global scale， coordinating efforts between government and civil society， managing living industrial heritage， and utilizing multi-channel funding mechanisms. Finally， for China’s industrial heritage inscription， this paper proposes strategies to enhance universal value， develop industrial heritage clusters， and establish a robust bidding framework to guide China’s heritage inscription efforts.
2025, 55(6): 84-95.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25032201
Abstract:
As a typical representative of large-scale underground urban rail transit， the use of industrial construction techniques to build prefabricated subway stations is an important way to help urban industry optimization and upgrading while promoting green urban rail development. Based on an analysis of prefabricated metro stations with arch and rectangular structural forms implemented abroad， this study reviewed the recent promotion and application of assembled metro stations in various cities across China. Furthermore， the development of industrialized construction techniques for prefabricated metro stations in China was discussed， focusing on aspects such as structural typology， mechanical properties， seismic behavior， and waterproofing performance. The advantages of the prefabricated metro station model were also analyzed from the perspective of enhanced construction efficiency， structural reliability， and adaptability to complex underground environments. It also reflected on the significant issues existing in the current industrialized construction process of domestic metro stations， analyzed the high construction cost problem of prefabricated metro stations， and identified structural structural challenges in their design and implementation. Combined with the current status of domestic prefabricated metro station construction， the permanent and temporary metro structure of Shenzhen Xiyong Station was studied in detail， and an assembled honeycomb steel concrete metro structure system consisting of prefabricated honeycomb steel concrete components was proposed. Finally， in-depth research was conducted on composite structures in underground engineering， the selection of prefabricated station structures， and the design of digitalized， intelligent， green， and human-centered prefabricated stations.
As a typical representative of large-scale underground urban rail transit， the use of industrial construction techniques to build prefabricated subway stations is an important way to help urban industry optimization and upgrading while promoting green urban rail development. Based on an analysis of prefabricated metro stations with arch and rectangular structural forms implemented abroad， this study reviewed the recent promotion and application of assembled metro stations in various cities across China. Furthermore， the development of industrialized construction techniques for prefabricated metro stations in China was discussed， focusing on aspects such as structural typology， mechanical properties， seismic behavior， and waterproofing performance. The advantages of the prefabricated metro station model were also analyzed from the perspective of enhanced construction efficiency， structural reliability， and adaptability to complex underground environments. It also reflected on the significant issues existing in the current industrialized construction process of domestic metro stations， analyzed the high construction cost problem of prefabricated metro stations， and identified structural structural challenges in their design and implementation. Combined with the current status of domestic prefabricated metro station construction， the permanent and temporary metro structure of Shenzhen Xiyong Station was studied in detail， and an assembled honeycomb steel concrete metro structure system consisting of prefabricated honeycomb steel concrete components was proposed. Finally， in-depth research was conducted on composite structures in underground engineering， the selection of prefabricated station structures， and the design of digitalized， intelligent， green， and human-centered prefabricated stations.
2025, 55(6): 96-105.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25032605
Abstract:
The reinforced concrete segment is an important supporting component in tunnels and subway stations， and its mechanical properties determine the engineering quality of these structures. Currently， traditional reinforced concrete segments are designed with large dimensions， requiring substantial amounts of concrete and posing transportation challenges. To address these issues， this paper proposes embedding hollow steel pipes within traditional reinforced concrete segments， innovatively introducing a composite structural segment combining hollow steel pipes and concrete. This study conducted eccentric compression performance tests on three full-scale segment specimens and thoroughly analyzed their failure modes， failure mechanisms， bearing capacity， and crack development under eccentric loading. Based on experimental research， a calculation method for the bearing capacity of composite structural segments under eccentric loading was derived and established. The research results showed that the bonding performance between hollow steel pipes and concrete in composite structural segments was good， and the two materials could work together effectively. The composite structural segments exhibited good bearing capacity and stiffness. The lateral deflection of specimen ZHGP-2 was the smallest at both yield and peak stages， showing a 36% reduction compared to specimen ZHGP-1 and a 24% reduction compared to specimen ZHGP-3； the load of specimen ZHGP-2 reached its maximum at both yield and peak stages， with the peak load increasing by 6% compared to ZHGP-1 and by 15% compared to ZHGP-3. This indicated that the prestressed specimen ZHGP-2 significantly improved its crack resistance， bearing capacity， and stiffness. Finally， a formula for calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of eccentrically compressed sections in composite structural segments was established. The experimental results agreed well with theoretical calculations， demonstrating significant performance advantages and broad application prospects in subway station segment design.
The reinforced concrete segment is an important supporting component in tunnels and subway stations， and its mechanical properties determine the engineering quality of these structures. Currently， traditional reinforced concrete segments are designed with large dimensions， requiring substantial amounts of concrete and posing transportation challenges. To address these issues， this paper proposes embedding hollow steel pipes within traditional reinforced concrete segments， innovatively introducing a composite structural segment combining hollow steel pipes and concrete. This study conducted eccentric compression performance tests on three full-scale segment specimens and thoroughly analyzed their failure modes， failure mechanisms， bearing capacity， and crack development under eccentric loading. Based on experimental research， a calculation method for the bearing capacity of composite structural segments under eccentric loading was derived and established. The research results showed that the bonding performance between hollow steel pipes and concrete in composite structural segments was good， and the two materials could work together effectively. The composite structural segments exhibited good bearing capacity and stiffness. The lateral deflection of specimen ZHGP-2 was the smallest at both yield and peak stages， showing a 36% reduction compared to specimen ZHGP-1 and a 24% reduction compared to specimen ZHGP-3； the load of specimen ZHGP-2 reached its maximum at both yield and peak stages， with the peak load increasing by 6% compared to ZHGP-1 and by 15% compared to ZHGP-3. This indicated that the prestressed specimen ZHGP-2 significantly improved its crack resistance， bearing capacity， and stiffness. Finally， a formula for calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of eccentrically compressed sections in composite structural segments was established. The experimental results agreed well with theoretical calculations， demonstrating significant performance advantages and broad application prospects in subway station segment design.
2025, 55(6): 106-112.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25042303
Abstract:
The C-T connection joint is applied in the concrete-filled steel tube（CFST） composite segment to achieve rapid connection of the segment. In order to study the mechanical properties and design calculation methods of the C-T connection joint in CFST composite segments， experimental research was conducted on the eccentric compression performance of six C-T connection joints， including three single-row C-T connection joints and three double-row C-T connection joints. The study primarily investigated the influence of segment joint forms and key eccentricity parameters on the eccentric compression performance of the joints.The experimental study focused on the failure morphology， failure mode， stress-strain development， bearing capacity， deformation capacity， and other mechanical properties of the specimens under different parameters. The results showed that under eccentric loading， the C-T connection joints exhibited favorable stress performance. The specimens experienced typical eccentric compression failure， and their ultimate bearing capacity gradually decreased as eccentricity increased. The C-T connection connection joints exhibited excellent bearing capacity and stiffness， making them suitable for on-site rapid assembly of CFST composite segments.
The C-T connection joint is applied in the concrete-filled steel tube（CFST） composite segment to achieve rapid connection of the segment. In order to study the mechanical properties and design calculation methods of the C-T connection joint in CFST composite segments， experimental research was conducted on the eccentric compression performance of six C-T connection joints， including three single-row C-T connection joints and three double-row C-T connection joints. The study primarily investigated the influence of segment joint forms and key eccentricity parameters on the eccentric compression performance of the joints.The experimental study focused on the failure morphology， failure mode， stress-strain development， bearing capacity， deformation capacity， and other mechanical properties of the specimens under different parameters. The results showed that under eccentric loading， the C-T connection joints exhibited favorable stress performance. The specimens experienced typical eccentric compression failure， and their ultimate bearing capacity gradually decreased as eccentricity increased. The C-T connection connection joints exhibited excellent bearing capacity and stiffness， making them suitable for on-site rapid assembly of CFST composite segments.
2025, 55(6): 113-122.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25012103
Abstract:
In order to study the axial compression performance of UHPC-encased concrete-filled steel tubular（CFST） composite columns with high-strength stirrups， six specimens of the UHPC-encased CFST composite columns and one unreinforced CFST column were designed， fabricated， and tested under axial compression. The effects of different transverse restraint modes and their spacing on axial compression performance were analyzed. The results showed that all UHPC concrete-filled steel tubular composite column specimens subjected to loading exhibited strength failure upon reaching their ultimate bearing capacity state， while maintaining good integrity at failure. Compared with CFST columns， UHPC-encased CFST composite columns with high-strength stirrups exhibited a significant improvement in compressive bearing capacity and stiffness. In terms of ductility， they also demonstrated superior performance.
In order to study the axial compression performance of UHPC-encased concrete-filled steel tubular（CFST） composite columns with high-strength stirrups， six specimens of the UHPC-encased CFST composite columns and one unreinforced CFST column were designed， fabricated， and tested under axial compression. The effects of different transverse restraint modes and their spacing on axial compression performance were analyzed. The results showed that all UHPC concrete-filled steel tubular composite column specimens subjected to loading exhibited strength failure upon reaching their ultimate bearing capacity state， while maintaining good integrity at failure. Compared with CFST columns， UHPC-encased CFST composite columns with high-strength stirrups exhibited a significant improvement in compressive bearing capacity and stiffness. In terms of ductility， they also demonstrated superior performance.
2025, 55(6): 123-132.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG23110503
Abstract:
The reinforced concrete structure used in the prefabricated subway station is an important load-bearing component， and its mechanical properties determine the technical quality of the subway station. Conventional reinforced concrete structures have problems such as large amounts of concrete materials， complex construction techniques， and high self-weight， resulting in greater difficulty in transportation and assembly. This paper introduced the concept of composite structures into subway station structures， proposing a prefabricated steel-concrete hollow composite structure to optimize the design of reinforced concrete structures. To ensure that the material costs of conventional prefabricated reinforced concrete structures and the prefabricated hollow composite structures were similar， the cross-sectional reinforcement of prefabricated hollow composite structure was designed. A model for calculating the bearing capacity of prefabricated hollow composite structures was proposed， and the N-M relationship curve was drawn. The calculated results agreed well with the finite element simulation values.
The reinforced concrete structure used in the prefabricated subway station is an important load-bearing component， and its mechanical properties determine the technical quality of the subway station. Conventional reinforced concrete structures have problems such as large amounts of concrete materials， complex construction techniques， and high self-weight， resulting in greater difficulty in transportation and assembly. This paper introduced the concept of composite structures into subway station structures， proposing a prefabricated steel-concrete hollow composite structure to optimize the design of reinforced concrete structures. To ensure that the material costs of conventional prefabricated reinforced concrete structures and the prefabricated hollow composite structures were similar， the cross-sectional reinforcement of prefabricated hollow composite structure was designed. A model for calculating the bearing capacity of prefabricated hollow composite structures was proposed， and the N-M relationship curve was drawn. The calculated results agreed well with the finite element simulation values.
2025, 55(6): 133-142.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG23022009
Abstract:
In the structural design of industrial buildings and infrastructure， the focus is often only on their practicality， economic and other technical elements， while the shaping of aesthetic qualities under the structural form is neglected. In the Mid-20th century， Mexican designer Félix Candela， who played multiple roles as an architect， structural engineer， and engineering contractor， began with the structural principle of hyperbolic paraboloid shells， studied the typological umbrella shells， and applied them to various industrial buildings and infrastructure under the premise of ensuring practicality and economy. He shaped the aesthetic quality of structural forms through the rich and diverse formal changes of umbrella shells. The paper’s study of the design principles and practical examples of Candela’s concrete umbrella shells aim to enlighten contemporary design and seeking the unity of architectural art and structural technology.
In the structural design of industrial buildings and infrastructure， the focus is often only on their practicality， economic and other technical elements， while the shaping of aesthetic qualities under the structural form is neglected. In the Mid-20th century， Mexican designer Félix Candela， who played multiple roles as an architect， structural engineer， and engineering contractor， began with the structural principle of hyperbolic paraboloid shells， studied the typological umbrella shells， and applied them to various industrial buildings and infrastructure under the premise of ensuring practicality and economy. He shaped the aesthetic quality of structural forms through the rich and diverse formal changes of umbrella shells. The paper’s study of the design principles and practical examples of Candela’s concrete umbrella shells aim to enlighten contemporary design and seeking the unity of architectural art and structural technology.
2025, 55(6): 143-153.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG24071908
Abstract:
The Yunnan-Vietnam Railway has played a significant role in Yunnan’s modern development. Its remaining railway stations are not only witnesses to the modern development history of Yunnan but also an important part of industrial civilization. Renewing and utilizing the railway stations along the line is not only of great significance to current urban stock planning but also achieves the protection and revitalization of railway heritage on the material level as well as on the spiritual level. This paper takes Yiliang Station of the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway as the research object. Focusing on the problems such as deserted railway stations，cut-off traffic of railway， and the lack of railway cultural heritage， this study introduces the catalytic theory to leverage its point-line-plane synergistic effects. The aim is to construct an integrated urban framework that connects rural areas， railways， and urban spaces， optimizing functional layout， traffic organization， and spatial configuration， etc.Through a development path that integrates railways with parks， tourism， cultural creativity， and other elements， this study explores the renewal design required for the development of related railways and other industrial heritage， and provides insights for the renewal and transformation design of similar railway industrial heritage sites.
The Yunnan-Vietnam Railway has played a significant role in Yunnan’s modern development. Its remaining railway stations are not only witnesses to the modern development history of Yunnan but also an important part of industrial civilization. Renewing and utilizing the railway stations along the line is not only of great significance to current urban stock planning but also achieves the protection and revitalization of railway heritage on the material level as well as on the spiritual level. This paper takes Yiliang Station of the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway as the research object. Focusing on the problems such as deserted railway stations，cut-off traffic of railway， and the lack of railway cultural heritage， this study introduces the catalytic theory to leverage its point-line-plane synergistic effects. The aim is to construct an integrated urban framework that connects rural areas， railways， and urban spaces， optimizing functional layout， traffic organization， and spatial configuration， etc.Through a development path that integrates railways with parks， tourism， cultural creativity， and other elements， this study explores the renewal design required for the development of related railways and other industrial heritage， and provides insights for the renewal and transformation design of similar railway industrial heritage sites.
2025, 55(6): 154-167.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG24080301
Abstract:
The industrial remains of the Third Front Construction are the industrial cultural remains left behind by military-industrial development during the Third Front Construction period. These remains hold special value and have complex causes. Exploring their spatial distribution characteristics is of great significance for their protection and utilization. Taking 167 third front construction industrial remains from the Third Front Construction in the Yangtze River Delta as the research object， this study analyzed their spatial distribution characteristics by GIS. The results show that： 1）73% of the remains are located in Anhui Province， and 74% of the remains are distributed in rural areas， forming a functional combination layout model of "military factory， medical care， education， logistics， and management" in the overall spatial area； 2） macroscopically， the spatial distribution shows the characteristics of "overall concentration， scattered areas， one core with many pairs， and uneven distribution"， forming a high-density gathering area in the border area between southern Anhui and western Zhejiang， while Huoshan County， Shucheng County， and Lishui City form two sub-density gathering areas； 3） at the micro level， it exhibites the synchronic characteristics of "relying on deep mountains， being close to water sources， connecting with main roads， relying on villages， and gathering locally" and the diachronic evolution characteristics of "independence turning to integration". The factory area is laid out along mountain gullies， forming four layout types： linear series along gullies， concentrated clusters in wide gullies， parallel arrangements along gullies， and radial patterns branching from forked gullies. Meanwhile， rural Third Front industrial remains rely on the surrounding villages， creating three spatial relationships： independent， connected， and interwoven.
The industrial remains of the Third Front Construction are the industrial cultural remains left behind by military-industrial development during the Third Front Construction period. These remains hold special value and have complex causes. Exploring their spatial distribution characteristics is of great significance for their protection and utilization. Taking 167 third front construction industrial remains from the Third Front Construction in the Yangtze River Delta as the research object， this study analyzed their spatial distribution characteristics by GIS. The results show that： 1）73% of the remains are located in Anhui Province， and 74% of the remains are distributed in rural areas， forming a functional combination layout model of "military factory， medical care， education， logistics， and management" in the overall spatial area； 2） macroscopically， the spatial distribution shows the characteristics of "overall concentration， scattered areas， one core with many pairs， and uneven distribution"， forming a high-density gathering area in the border area between southern Anhui and western Zhejiang， while Huoshan County， Shucheng County， and Lishui City form two sub-density gathering areas； 3） at the micro level， it exhibites the synchronic characteristics of "relying on deep mountains， being close to water sources， connecting with main roads， relying on villages， and gathering locally" and the diachronic evolution characteristics of "independence turning to integration". The factory area is laid out along mountain gullies， forming four layout types： linear series along gullies， concentrated clusters in wide gullies， parallel arrangements along gullies， and radial patterns branching from forked gullies. Meanwhile， rural Third Front industrial remains rely on the surrounding villages， creating three spatial relationships： independent， connected， and interwoven.
2025, 55(6): 168-181.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG24080206
Abstract:
The long and complex industrial history of the Central and Southern Liaoning urban agglomeration has created a rich industrial heritage， which not only records the vicissitudes of regional economic development， but also carries a deep urban cultural memory. This study focused on 382 identified and potential industrial heritage sites in the Central and Southern Liaoning urban agglomeration and used advanced geospatial analysis techniques， including standard deviation ellipse， kernel density estimation， and spatial autocorrelation， to deeply analyze their spatiotemporal evolution and geospatial patterns. Relying on the geographic detector with optimal parameters， the key factors driving the spatial distribution of industrial heritage were accurately identified， and their interactions and formation mechanisms were explored. The results aim to reveal the regional differences in regional industrial development， provide empirical evidence for the coordinated development of the regional economy， and build a theoretical basis for the effective protection and innovative utilization of industrial heritage， actively respond to the regional development strategy of the Central and Southern Liaoning urban agglomeration， and strengthen the regional characteristics and integrated value of the industrial heritage group.
The long and complex industrial history of the Central and Southern Liaoning urban agglomeration has created a rich industrial heritage， which not only records the vicissitudes of regional economic development， but also carries a deep urban cultural memory. This study focused on 382 identified and potential industrial heritage sites in the Central and Southern Liaoning urban agglomeration and used advanced geospatial analysis techniques， including standard deviation ellipse， kernel density estimation， and spatial autocorrelation， to deeply analyze their spatiotemporal evolution and geospatial patterns. Relying on the geographic detector with optimal parameters， the key factors driving the spatial distribution of industrial heritage were accurately identified， and their interactions and formation mechanisms were explored. The results aim to reveal the regional differences in regional industrial development， provide empirical evidence for the coordinated development of the regional economy， and build a theoretical basis for the effective protection and innovative utilization of industrial heritage， actively respond to the regional development strategy of the Central and Southern Liaoning urban agglomeration， and strengthen the regional characteristics and integrated value of the industrial heritage group.
2025, 55(6): 182-192.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG23022010
Abstract:
A double-sided synchronized pressure test was conducted on a rigid model of a complex cylindrical long-span roof in a terrain B boundary layer wind tunnel. The time histories of wind pressure in 24 wind directions were obtained from the wind pressure measurements. Based on the test results， the influence of wind direction and opening state on the mean wind pressure distribution characteristics was analyzed， the power spectral densities， correlation coefficients， and coherence functions of the wind loads were studied in detail. The results showed that the roof surface was predominantly governed by negative pressure， with high negative pressure zones prone to forming within approximately 20 meters at the structural ends and near the roof apex； the geometric complexity of the structure led to distinct local wind pressure distributions at structural junctions compared to individual cylindrical structures at all wind angles except 0° and 180°； the open configuration significantly reduced wind suction on the roof surface； the spectral characteristics of fluctuating wind pressure were associated with turbulence scale， where low-frequency components dominated the windward side while high-frequency components prevailed on the leeward side. Both along-wind and cross-wind coherence decreased with increasing frequency and spatial distance between measurement points， and the latter decayed more rapidly.
A double-sided synchronized pressure test was conducted on a rigid model of a complex cylindrical long-span roof in a terrain B boundary layer wind tunnel. The time histories of wind pressure in 24 wind directions were obtained from the wind pressure measurements. Based on the test results， the influence of wind direction and opening state on the mean wind pressure distribution characteristics was analyzed， the power spectral densities， correlation coefficients， and coherence functions of the wind loads were studied in detail. The results showed that the roof surface was predominantly governed by negative pressure， with high negative pressure zones prone to forming within approximately 20 meters at the structural ends and near the roof apex； the geometric complexity of the structure led to distinct local wind pressure distributions at structural junctions compared to individual cylindrical structures at all wind angles except 0° and 180°； the open configuration significantly reduced wind suction on the roof surface； the spectral characteristics of fluctuating wind pressure were associated with turbulence scale， where low-frequency components dominated the windward side while high-frequency components prevailed on the leeward side. Both along-wind and cross-wind coherence decreased with increasing frequency and spatial distance between measurement points， and the latter decayed more rapidly.
2025, 55(6): 193-202.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG22080314
Abstract:
The prestressed pipe truss structure has good mechanical properties and economy， which can meet the long-span requirements of the closed structure of the coal storage yard. Based on the wind tunnel test of the coal storage yard structure（with a span of 170 m） at Yushuwan Coal Mine， the most unfavorable wind direction angle of the prestressed pipe truss structure and the wind load shape coefficients of different zones were clarified. The mechanical properties and structural dynamic characteristics of each scheme were analyzed under wind load and earthquake conditions， such as internal forces/stresses and displacements of members， support reaction forces， and cable stresses. The results showed that the variations in internal forces along the three-center circular axis of each design scheme were similar， with negligible variations in magnitude. However， the stress varied significantly across individual member cross-sections in each scheme. Notably， members with combined rectangular and inverted trapezoidal cross-sections exhibited higher stress. The cross-sections designed with an inverted triangle or a combination of an inverted trapezoid and an inverted triangle exhibited higher stiffness， resulting in smaller displacement responses and internal forces， while the latter design required slightly more steel material. The comprehensive analysis showed that the section form designed with an inverted triangle exhibited good mechanical properties and economy， making it a preferred choice in design.
The prestressed pipe truss structure has good mechanical properties and economy， which can meet the long-span requirements of the closed structure of the coal storage yard. Based on the wind tunnel test of the coal storage yard structure（with a span of 170 m） at Yushuwan Coal Mine， the most unfavorable wind direction angle of the prestressed pipe truss structure and the wind load shape coefficients of different zones were clarified. The mechanical properties and structural dynamic characteristics of each scheme were analyzed under wind load and earthquake conditions， such as internal forces/stresses and displacements of members， support reaction forces， and cable stresses. The results showed that the variations in internal forces along the three-center circular axis of each design scheme were similar， with negligible variations in magnitude. However， the stress varied significantly across individual member cross-sections in each scheme. Notably， members with combined rectangular and inverted trapezoidal cross-sections exhibited higher stress. The cross-sections designed with an inverted triangle or a combination of an inverted trapezoid and an inverted triangle exhibited higher stiffness， resulting in smaller displacement responses and internal forces， while the latter design required slightly more steel material. The comprehensive analysis showed that the section form designed with an inverted triangle exhibited good mechanical properties and economy， making it a preferred choice in design.
2025, 55(6): 203-210.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG24051801
Abstract:
Due to the aging or functional changes of the buildings， the existing floor slab can no longer meet the requirements of bearing capacity and needs to be strengthened. Taking a reinforcement and reconstruction project as the background， this study investigated the influence of different parameters on the flexural performance of a floor structure strengthened with newly added steel beams. Five analysis models were established using finite element software， considering both the connection modes between the steel beam and the floor slab as well as whether the floor surface was strengthened by sticking steel chips in the direction perpendicular to the steel beam. The results showed that under all kinds of strengthening methods， the steel beam and the concrete slab were subjected to bending together， forming a tensile plastic zone on both sides of the beam， and the floor slab exhibited no negative bending moment in the direction perpendicular to the steel beam. When the interface was connected using adhesive or studs， the flexural bearing capacity of the strengthened structure was about 2 times that of the original structure. When there was no adhesive at the interface， or if the adhesive had failed， the yield load of the strengthened structure was still 3.11 times the design load. Setting steel chips on the plate surface in the direction perpendicular to the steel beam had no effect on the bearing capacity. When setting adhesive at the interface， the contact stress distribution between the steel beam and the floor slab was the most uniform， the stress on the anchor bolts at the beam ends was the smallest， and the cooperative working performance between the steel beam and the floor slab was the best， followed by the method strengthened by setting studs at the interface.
Due to the aging or functional changes of the buildings， the existing floor slab can no longer meet the requirements of bearing capacity and needs to be strengthened. Taking a reinforcement and reconstruction project as the background， this study investigated the influence of different parameters on the flexural performance of a floor structure strengthened with newly added steel beams. Five analysis models were established using finite element software， considering both the connection modes between the steel beam and the floor slab as well as whether the floor surface was strengthened by sticking steel chips in the direction perpendicular to the steel beam. The results showed that under all kinds of strengthening methods， the steel beam and the concrete slab were subjected to bending together， forming a tensile plastic zone on both sides of the beam， and the floor slab exhibited no negative bending moment in the direction perpendicular to the steel beam. When the interface was connected using adhesive or studs， the flexural bearing capacity of the strengthened structure was about 2 times that of the original structure. When there was no adhesive at the interface， or if the adhesive had failed， the yield load of the strengthened structure was still 3.11 times the design load. Setting steel chips on the plate surface in the direction perpendicular to the steel beam had no effect on the bearing capacity. When setting adhesive at the interface， the contact stress distribution between the steel beam and the floor slab was the most uniform， the stress on the anchor bolts at the beam ends was the smallest， and the cooperative working performance between the steel beam and the floor slab was the best， followed by the method strengthened by setting studs at the interface.
2025, 55(6): 211-218.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG24040309
Abstract:
Partially encased concrete （PEC） composite beams and concrete-encased concrete-filled steel tube（CFST） composite columns both exhibite high bearing capacity， excellent ductility， and superior fire resistance，and the use of all-bolts for the connection can effectively utilize the excellent performance of the two components and avoid the disadvantages of the commonly used welded node zone such as the difficult construction and the large welding workload. In this paper， a fully bolted prefabricated frame structure consisting of CFST composite columns and PEC beams was proposed. Based on the component method， considering the diffusion mechanisms of tension and pressure in outer concrete， the bearing capacity and stiffness design methods for all bolted joint were established. An elastoplastic analysis model for the prefabricated frame structure was established using OpenSEES， and its accuracy and rationality were verified through test results. Time-history analysis was performed on the prefabricated CFST composite column frame structure， demonstrating that the frame structure exhibited favorable seismic performance and meets the current code requirements. In addition， the fragility of the assembled frame structure was analyzed， and the results show that the collapse resistance of this type of frame structure meets the requirements of the code.
Partially encased concrete （PEC） composite beams and concrete-encased concrete-filled steel tube（CFST） composite columns both exhibite high bearing capacity， excellent ductility， and superior fire resistance，and the use of all-bolts for the connection can effectively utilize the excellent performance of the two components and avoid the disadvantages of the commonly used welded node zone such as the difficult construction and the large welding workload. In this paper， a fully bolted prefabricated frame structure consisting of CFST composite columns and PEC beams was proposed. Based on the component method， considering the diffusion mechanisms of tension and pressure in outer concrete， the bearing capacity and stiffness design methods for all bolted joint were established. An elastoplastic analysis model for the prefabricated frame structure was established using OpenSEES， and its accuracy and rationality were verified through test results. Time-history analysis was performed on the prefabricated CFST composite column frame structure， demonstrating that the frame structure exhibited favorable seismic performance and meets the current code requirements. In addition， the fragility of the assembled frame structure was analyzed， and the results show that the collapse resistance of this type of frame structure meets the requirements of the code.
2025, 55(6): 219-227.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG23012909
Abstract:
In order to realize the connection between the prefabricated shear wall and the foundation while ensuring structural reparability after earthquake-induced damage， a replaceable steel energy-dissipator joint was proposed. In order to explore the seismic performance and post-earthquake repairability of the joint， quasi-static tests were conducted on replaceable steel energy-dissipating joints with two connection forms. The tests included both initial loading and reloading after repair of earthquake-induced damage. The results showed that the ultimate failure modes of the replaceable steel energy-dissipating joints with vertical slits or horizontal slits were both caused by the failure of the slotted shear plates in the joints. In addition， the two types of replaceable steel energy-dissipating joints exhibited excellent hysteretic performance and energy-dissipation capacity. In the two types of connection joints， the replaceable steel energy-dissipating joints with vertical slotted shear plates exhibited better deformation and energy-dissipation capacity； the connection joints with horizontal slotted shear plates demondtrated higher bearing capacity， but the ductility and energy-dissipation capacity were slightly reduced. Moreover， the two types of connection joints exhibited comparable seismic performance after post-earthquake repair to their initial loading conditions， therefore， it was verified that the joints realized the structural reparability after earthquake-induced damage.
In order to realize the connection between the prefabricated shear wall and the foundation while ensuring structural reparability after earthquake-induced damage， a replaceable steel energy-dissipator joint was proposed. In order to explore the seismic performance and post-earthquake repairability of the joint， quasi-static tests were conducted on replaceable steel energy-dissipating joints with two connection forms. The tests included both initial loading and reloading after repair of earthquake-induced damage. The results showed that the ultimate failure modes of the replaceable steel energy-dissipating joints with vertical slits or horizontal slits were both caused by the failure of the slotted shear plates in the joints. In addition， the two types of replaceable steel energy-dissipating joints exhibited excellent hysteretic performance and energy-dissipation capacity. In the two types of connection joints， the replaceable steel energy-dissipating joints with vertical slotted shear plates exhibited better deformation and energy-dissipation capacity； the connection joints with horizontal slotted shear plates demondtrated higher bearing capacity， but the ductility and energy-dissipation capacity were slightly reduced. Moreover， the two types of connection joints exhibited comparable seismic performance after post-earthquake repair to their initial loading conditions， therefore， it was verified that the joints realized the structural reparability after earthquake-induced damage.
2025, 55(6): 228-234.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25040702
Abstract:
Virtual Reality （VR） technology has been gradually used in recent years for research related to evacuation behavior in fires due to its features of high experimental control and low human injury. However， it also faces the great challenges of how to create a highly realistic human-computer interaction environment and how to obtain reliable behavioral experimental data. In this study， a multi-sensory human-computer interaction virtual reality fire evacuation behavior experimental system has been developed based on Unity 3D engine. The system creates a highly realistic fire scene in a virtual environment， integrating multi-sensory interaction mechanisms such as vision， hearing， touch， temperature， smell， motion， and socialization. The system can enhance the sense of environmental immersion for participants in behavioral experiments and motivate them to exhibit behavioral responses similar to those in real fires. In addition， the system has diversified experimental data collection and analysis functions， which can record the behavioral decisions and physiological state indicators of experimental participants in the evacuation process in real time， providing reliable data support for the study of evacuation behavior. Finally， a system validation experiment was carried out using the proposed experimental system. The results of the validation experiment indicate the stability of the system， the operational fluency of the interaction module and the data acquisition system， and the expected performance of the system. Therefore， the proposed system can effectively support experimental research in the field of fire emergency evacuation behavior.
Virtual Reality （VR） technology has been gradually used in recent years for research related to evacuation behavior in fires due to its features of high experimental control and low human injury. However， it also faces the great challenges of how to create a highly realistic human-computer interaction environment and how to obtain reliable behavioral experimental data. In this study， a multi-sensory human-computer interaction virtual reality fire evacuation behavior experimental system has been developed based on Unity 3D engine. The system creates a highly realistic fire scene in a virtual environment， integrating multi-sensory interaction mechanisms such as vision， hearing， touch， temperature， smell， motion， and socialization. The system can enhance the sense of environmental immersion for participants in behavioral experiments and motivate them to exhibit behavioral responses similar to those in real fires. In addition， the system has diversified experimental data collection and analysis functions， which can record the behavioral decisions and physiological state indicators of experimental participants in the evacuation process in real time， providing reliable data support for the study of evacuation behavior. Finally， a system validation experiment was carried out using the proposed experimental system. The results of the validation experiment indicate the stability of the system， the operational fluency of the interaction module and the data acquisition system， and the expected performance of the system. Therefore， the proposed system can effectively support experimental research in the field of fire emergency evacuation behavior.
2025, 55(6): 235-242.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG23080301
Abstract:
Nowadays， due to the extensive construction of long-span buildings， the requirements for the stability of scaffolding are becoming higher and higher. Previous studies have found that the connection nodes of spigot and disk-buckle steel pipe scaffolding play a crucial role in the stability of scaffolding. In this regard， this paper first conducts finite element modeling and analysis of the connection nodes of heavy socket disk-buckle steel pipe scaffold based on the semi-rigid theory， compares the bending moment-angle curve obtained with the existing bending experiments of heavy socket disk-buckle steel pipe scaffold， verifies the reliability of the finite element analysis， establishes a refined numerical model， and analyzes the thickness of the connecting disc that affects the bending performance of the node. Four parameters， namely， the material structure of the latch， the thickness of the latch， and the insertion depth， are analyzed， and a conclusion is drawn， which lays a foundation for the subsequent research on the random defects of the joints and the establishment of the simplified model of the scaffold.
Nowadays， due to the extensive construction of long-span buildings， the requirements for the stability of scaffolding are becoming higher and higher. Previous studies have found that the connection nodes of spigot and disk-buckle steel pipe scaffolding play a crucial role in the stability of scaffolding. In this regard， this paper first conducts finite element modeling and analysis of the connection nodes of heavy socket disk-buckle steel pipe scaffold based on the semi-rigid theory， compares the bending moment-angle curve obtained with the existing bending experiments of heavy socket disk-buckle steel pipe scaffold， verifies the reliability of the finite element analysis， establishes a refined numerical model， and analyzes the thickness of the connecting disc that affects the bending performance of the node. Four parameters， namely， the material structure of the latch， the thickness of the latch， and the insertion depth， are analyzed， and a conclusion is drawn， which lays a foundation for the subsequent research on the random defects of the joints and the establishment of the simplified model of the scaffold.
2025, 55(6): 243-250.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG23070803
Abstract:
Numerical calculation models for a new-type composite foundation of electricity transmission lines in mountainous areas were established， consisting of a short rock-socketed pile and three inclined anchor bolts. The uplift performance of the composite foundation was simulated and compared to that of rock-socketed short piles without anchor bolts. The characteristics of the uplift load-displacement curves were analyzed， as well as the distribution patterns and features of stress in the rock mass and pile concrete. In addition， the influence of the connected position between inclined anchor bolts and short piles on the uplift performance of the foundation was also investigated. In general， the uplift load-displacement curves of the composite foundation approximately exhibited three typical regions： an initial linear region， a curvilinear transition， and a final linear region. The anchoring effect of inclined anchor bolts transfered the uplift load to deeper and more extensive rock masses around the foundation， thereby improving the uplift bearing capacity of the composite foundation. The concrete section of the pile at the anchor connection position was in an overall tensile stress state， but there was a partial compressive stress zone in the concrete near the connection position between anchor bolts and was short piles. By optimizing the length of inclined anchor bolts and the anchor connection position， it is possible to reduce the embedment depth of a rock-socketed pile while still meeting the same uplift capacity requirements for the foundation. As a result， the difficulty of foundation construction can be effectively reduced， achieving significant safety and economic benefits.
Numerical calculation models for a new-type composite foundation of electricity transmission lines in mountainous areas were established， consisting of a short rock-socketed pile and three inclined anchor bolts. The uplift performance of the composite foundation was simulated and compared to that of rock-socketed short piles without anchor bolts. The characteristics of the uplift load-displacement curves were analyzed， as well as the distribution patterns and features of stress in the rock mass and pile concrete. In addition， the influence of the connected position between inclined anchor bolts and short piles on the uplift performance of the foundation was also investigated. In general， the uplift load-displacement curves of the composite foundation approximately exhibited three typical regions： an initial linear region， a curvilinear transition， and a final linear region. The anchoring effect of inclined anchor bolts transfered the uplift load to deeper and more extensive rock masses around the foundation， thereby improving the uplift bearing capacity of the composite foundation. The concrete section of the pile at the anchor connection position was in an overall tensile stress state， but there was a partial compressive stress zone in the concrete near the connection position between anchor bolts and was short piles. By optimizing the length of inclined anchor bolts and the anchor connection position， it is possible to reduce the embedment depth of a rock-socketed pile while still meeting the same uplift capacity requirements for the foundation. As a result， the difficulty of foundation construction can be effectively reduced， achieving significant safety and economic benefits.
2025, 55(6): 251-259.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG24110701
Abstract:
In order to obtain the mechanical properties required for structural design，the metallographic structure evolution and mechanical properties of the composite interface of novel 316SC stainless steel-clad rebar were studied using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and uniaxial tensile tests. The results showed that a metallurgical bond layer of approximately 15 μm formed at the composite interface of the stainless steel-clad rebar， with a tight bond between the outer stainless steel layer and the inner carbon steel core. The stainless steel-clad rebars with different diameters exhibited varying stress-strain curve shapes. The yield platform disappeared in the 12 mm diameter stainless steel-clad rebar， whereas the 16 mm and 25 mm diameter rebars displayed mechanical properties similar to those of HRB400E rebars， with obvious yield platforms and strain-strengthening sections in their stress-strain curves. The strength and ductility of 316SC stainless steel-clad rebars， composed of 316L stainless steel and HRB400E carbon steel， were improved to varying degrees compared to HRB400E rebars， but the elastic modulus decreased slightly. On the basis of experimental research and theoretical analysis， the stress-strain constitutive model of stainless steel-clad rebars was established. A composite formula for calculating the elastic modulus of stainless steel-clad rebars was also proposed， showing good agreement with the measured values.
In order to obtain the mechanical properties required for structural design，the metallographic structure evolution and mechanical properties of the composite interface of novel 316SC stainless steel-clad rebar were studied using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and uniaxial tensile tests. The results showed that a metallurgical bond layer of approximately 15 μm formed at the composite interface of the stainless steel-clad rebar， with a tight bond between the outer stainless steel layer and the inner carbon steel core. The stainless steel-clad rebars with different diameters exhibited varying stress-strain curve shapes. The yield platform disappeared in the 12 mm diameter stainless steel-clad rebar， whereas the 16 mm and 25 mm diameter rebars displayed mechanical properties similar to those of HRB400E rebars， with obvious yield platforms and strain-strengthening sections in their stress-strain curves. The strength and ductility of 316SC stainless steel-clad rebars， composed of 316L stainless steel and HRB400E carbon steel， were improved to varying degrees compared to HRB400E rebars， but the elastic modulus decreased slightly. On the basis of experimental research and theoretical analysis， the stress-strain constitutive model of stainless steel-clad rebars was established. A composite formula for calculating the elastic modulus of stainless steel-clad rebars was also proposed， showing good agreement with the measured values.
2025, 55(6): 260-267.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG23102404
Abstract:
In order to study the chloride ion erosion of Engineered Cementitious Composite（ECC） with cracks in the dry and wet cycling environment， a COMSOL one-dimensional electrochemical numerical model was established based on the empirical formula of chloride ion diffusion coefficient under the damaged matrix and the measured chloride ion diffusion coefficient with crack width as the variable， and the difference in chloride ion concentration between the crack area and the lower area wrapped by the intact concrete protective layer was also considered. The slope correction of anode Tafel is introduced， and the data sensitivity is analyzed by comparing the test data with the simulation results. The results show that the ECC simulation results of erosion under a single fracture fit well with the experimental data， and the larger the main fracture， the more accurate the fitting results. The closer the main crack is， the higher the chloride ion concentration is， and the closer the chloride ion boundary concentration is， the higher the corrosion rate is. The simulation error decreases with the increase of damage degree. The maximum error is 15% under 50% damage condition， while the minimum error is only 10% under 90% damage condition. ECC corrosion rate and crack width in the range of 50 μm to 200 μm crack width conform to the functional relationship of logistics function， and the correlation coefficient is 0.98.
In order to study the chloride ion erosion of Engineered Cementitious Composite（ECC） with cracks in the dry and wet cycling environment， a COMSOL one-dimensional electrochemical numerical model was established based on the empirical formula of chloride ion diffusion coefficient under the damaged matrix and the measured chloride ion diffusion coefficient with crack width as the variable， and the difference in chloride ion concentration between the crack area and the lower area wrapped by the intact concrete protective layer was also considered. The slope correction of anode Tafel is introduced， and the data sensitivity is analyzed by comparing the test data with the simulation results. The results show that the ECC simulation results of erosion under a single fracture fit well with the experimental data， and the larger the main fracture， the more accurate the fitting results. The closer the main crack is， the higher the chloride ion concentration is， and the closer the chloride ion boundary concentration is， the higher the corrosion rate is. The simulation error decreases with the increase of damage degree. The maximum error is 15% under 50% damage condition， while the minimum error is only 10% under 90% damage condition. ECC corrosion rate and crack width in the range of 50 μm to 200 μm crack width conform to the functional relationship of logistics function， and the correlation coefficient is 0.98.
2025, 55(6): 268-277.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG24112802
Abstract:
Rubber concrete， as an environmentally innovative material， combines waste rubber recycling with performance enhancement of concrete， making its damage mechanism a critical research focus. This study investigates the dynamic compressive damage process of rubber concrete using acoustic emission （AE） technology， with variables including rubber content， particle size， and loading modes. The results indicate that the damage progression is divided into four stages： compaction of initial defects， stable crack propagation until penetration， macroscopic crack expansion accompanied by bulging， and compressive failure. In the early and middle stages， increasing rubber content elevates the frequency of high-energy AE events， while reducing rubber particle size initially increases and subsequently decreases such events. During the final stage， high-energy AE events decline across all variable conditions. Cyclic loading tests confirm the presence of the Kaiser effect in rubber concrete， defining its effective stress range： the lower limit can be neglected， while the upper limit follows trends consistent with compressive strength variations under different variables. The physical mechanisms underlying the Kaiser effect in rubber concrete are elucidated.
Rubber concrete， as an environmentally innovative material， combines waste rubber recycling with performance enhancement of concrete， making its damage mechanism a critical research focus. This study investigates the dynamic compressive damage process of rubber concrete using acoustic emission （AE） technology， with variables including rubber content， particle size， and loading modes. The results indicate that the damage progression is divided into four stages： compaction of initial defects， stable crack propagation until penetration， macroscopic crack expansion accompanied by bulging， and compressive failure. In the early and middle stages， increasing rubber content elevates the frequency of high-energy AE events， while reducing rubber particle size initially increases and subsequently decreases such events. During the final stage， high-energy AE events decline across all variable conditions. Cyclic loading tests confirm the presence of the Kaiser effect in rubber concrete， defining its effective stress range： the lower limit can be neglected， while the upper limit follows trends consistent with compressive strength variations under different variables. The physical mechanisms underlying the Kaiser effect in rubber concrete are elucidated.
2025, 55(6): 278-287.
doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG24102302
Abstract:
Machine learning technology is used to predict the compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. A total of 112 sets of data were collected， and 11 variables such as fly ash content and composition were selected as inputs and compressive strength was output variable， which were divided into training sets and test sets according to the proportion of 70% and 30% for analysis. A single machine learning algorithm （SVM） and two integrated machine learning algorithms （RF， Adaboost） were used to construct the prediction model. The performance of the models was evaluated using the training set and the test set， and the results showed that all models showed strong predictive ability on both sets. Among them， RF model had the best performance， its test set R2=0.91，ΔMES=14.76，ΔRMSE=3.84，ΔMAE=2.89. The SHAP value algorithm was used to determine that fly ash content， Al2O3 and SiO2 content in fly ash， NaOH molar concentration and water content were the five most important factors affecting the compressive strength of concrete. When the fly ash dosage was greater than 400 kg/m3， the SiO2 content in fly ash was less than 60%， and the NaOH concentration was relatively high， all these factors contributed to the enhancement of concrete strength. When the Al2O3 content in fly ash was greater than 15%， the concrete strength increased with the increase of Al2O3 content. Excessive water addition would increase the porosity of concrete， thereby reduced its compressive strength.
Machine learning technology is used to predict the compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. A total of 112 sets of data were collected， and 11 variables such as fly ash content and composition were selected as inputs and compressive strength was output variable， which were divided into training sets and test sets according to the proportion of 70% and 30% for analysis. A single machine learning algorithm （SVM） and two integrated machine learning algorithms （RF， Adaboost） were used to construct the prediction model. The performance of the models was evaluated using the training set and the test set， and the results showed that all models showed strong predictive ability on both sets. Among them， RF model had the best performance， its test set R2=0.91，ΔMES=14.76，ΔRMSE=3.84，ΔMAE=2.89. The SHAP value algorithm was used to determine that fly ash content， Al2O3 and SiO2 content in fly ash， NaOH molar concentration and water content were the five most important factors affecting the compressive strength of concrete. When the fly ash dosage was greater than 400 kg/m3， the SiO2 content in fly ash was less than 60%， and the NaOH concentration was relatively high， all these factors contributed to the enhancement of concrete strength. When the Al2O3 content in fly ash was greater than 15%， the concrete strength increased with the increase of Al2O3 content. Excessive water addition would increase the porosity of concrete， thereby reduced its compressive strength.
