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2020 Vol. 50, No. 1
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2020, 50(1): 1-6.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001001
Abstract:
The paper introduced the research results of Meng Shaoping’s research group of Southeast University on prestressed self-reset frame structure in the past ten years, including the prestressed self-centering assembly structure system based on different energy-consuming components and the connected construction of the joints and the quasi-static tests of energy-consuming components and assembly joints. The development trend of prestressed self-centering frame structure was summarized. The future research of prestressed prefabricated assembly structure was prospected.
The paper introduced the research results of Meng Shaoping’s research group of Southeast University on prestressed self-reset frame structure in the past ten years, including the prestressed self-centering assembly structure system based on different energy-consuming components and the connected construction of the joints and the quasi-static tests of energy-consuming components and assembly joints. The development trend of prestressed self-centering frame structure was summarized. The future research of prestressed prefabricated assembly structure was prospected.
2020, 50(1): 7-11,6.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001002
Abstract:
A new type of prestressed precast concrete frame joint was proposed. The beam and column members of the joint were connected by prestressed tendons, angle steel and high-strength bolts. The joints showed good self-centering capability and energy consumption. A design method was proposed for the beam-column connections of the prestressed self-centering concrete frame joints based on the connection of angle steel and high-strength bolt. The contents of the design method included the bearing capacity limit state and normal service limit state in use stage and the working state in construction stage of the joints. The paper proposed the method for determining the design paramters, such as the area of prestressing tendon, the initial tension, the angle steel size, and the position of bolted connecting to the joints.
A new type of prestressed precast concrete frame joint was proposed. The beam and column members of the joint were connected by prestressed tendons, angle steel and high-strength bolts. The joints showed good self-centering capability and energy consumption. A design method was proposed for the beam-column connections of the prestressed self-centering concrete frame joints based on the connection of angle steel and high-strength bolt. The contents of the design method included the bearing capacity limit state and normal service limit state in use stage and the working state in construction stage of the joints. The paper proposed the method for determining the design paramters, such as the area of prestressing tendon, the initial tension, the angle steel size, and the position of bolted connecting to the joints.
2020, 50(1): 12-15,98.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001003
Abstract:
The numerical model in OpenSees was established based on the previous research on the new prestressed prefabricated concrete frame connection strengthened by energy dissipaters. Firstly, the numerical results were compared with experimental results, which demonstrated that the proposed numerical model could simulate the bearing capacity and self-centering characteristics of the connection well. Secondly, the bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the new prestressed prefabricated concrete frame connection were found to increase with the increase of the yield stress of energy dissipater, but the prestressed prefabricated concrete frame connection with energy dissipaters with lower yield stress could dissipate the energy earlier. Finally, compared with the prestressed prefabricated concrete frame connection installed with mild steel dampers, the prestressed prefabricated concrete frame connection installed with aluminum alloy dampers sustained similar bearing capacity but had lower connection's stiffness and yielding force.
The numerical model in OpenSees was established based on the previous research on the new prestressed prefabricated concrete frame connection strengthened by energy dissipaters. Firstly, the numerical results were compared with experimental results, which demonstrated that the proposed numerical model could simulate the bearing capacity and self-centering characteristics of the connection well. Secondly, the bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the new prestressed prefabricated concrete frame connection were found to increase with the increase of the yield stress of energy dissipater, but the prestressed prefabricated concrete frame connection with energy dissipaters with lower yield stress could dissipate the energy earlier. Finally, compared with the prestressed prefabricated concrete frame connection installed with mild steel dampers, the prestressed prefabricated concrete frame connection installed with aluminum alloy dampers sustained similar bearing capacity but had lower connection's stiffness and yielding force.
2020, 50(1): 16-21,124.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001004
Abstract:
The upper-bottom friction damper self-centering prestressed concrete beam-column connection with hidden corbel was numerically simulated by OpenSees to verify its hysteretic behavior, and analyzed the working mechanism and mechanical properties. The results showed that prestressed tendons provided self-centering capability to the connection, upper-bottom friction dampers were used to dissipate energy, and the hidden corbel was designed to improve the shear force transfer mechanism and reduce the difficulties of the fabrication. The cross-sectional area of the prestressed tendons, the initial prestressing forces and the friction forces of the friction damper were analyzed in order to study its hysteretic behavior and energy dissipation capacity. The results showed that the increase of cross-sectional area of the prestressed tendons could increase the second stiffness of the beam-column connection. The increase of initial prestressed forces could increase the gap opening forces of the beam-column interface. The increase of the frictions of the dampers could increase the gap-opening forces of the beam-column interface and energy dissipation performance.
The upper-bottom friction damper self-centering prestressed concrete beam-column connection with hidden corbel was numerically simulated by OpenSees to verify its hysteretic behavior, and analyzed the working mechanism and mechanical properties. The results showed that prestressed tendons provided self-centering capability to the connection, upper-bottom friction dampers were used to dissipate energy, and the hidden corbel was designed to improve the shear force transfer mechanism and reduce the difficulties of the fabrication. The cross-sectional area of the prestressed tendons, the initial prestressing forces and the friction forces of the friction damper were analyzed in order to study its hysteretic behavior and energy dissipation capacity. The results showed that the increase of cross-sectional area of the prestressed tendons could increase the second stiffness of the beam-column connection. The increase of initial prestressed forces could increase the gap opening forces of the beam-column interface. The increase of the frictions of the dampers could increase the gap-opening forces of the beam-column interface and energy dissipation performance.
2020, 50(1): 22-27.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001005
Abstract:
To investigate the seismic behavior of the "strong beam and weak column" PC frame joints, the quasi-static test of two full-scale "strong beam and weak column" PC frame joints with different axial compression ratios and a cast-in-place comparison specimen were designed and completed. The hysteresis curves and failure modes of such joints were obtained. The test results showed that after the column end of the PC joints yielded, the horizontal shear cracks appeared on the composition plane of the upper part of joint core area, and then the tensile fracture of reinforcement bars of the column in sleeves occurred and the column lost its bearing capacity. The failure mode of the RC joint was shear failure of the core region after the column end yielded and the structure still had a certain bearing capacity and plastic deformability. The initial stiffness of each joint was approximately the same, and the seismic bearing capacity of the RC joint was significantly better than that of the PC joints. The ductility factor of the RC joint was 3.23, while the failure mode of PC joints was brittle failure. In conclusion, the "strong beam and weak column" PC joints showed poor seismic behavior, and its failure mode was column end shear brittle failure,which should be avoided in design and construction.
To investigate the seismic behavior of the "strong beam and weak column" PC frame joints, the quasi-static test of two full-scale "strong beam and weak column" PC frame joints with different axial compression ratios and a cast-in-place comparison specimen were designed and completed. The hysteresis curves and failure modes of such joints were obtained. The test results showed that after the column end of the PC joints yielded, the horizontal shear cracks appeared on the composition plane of the upper part of joint core area, and then the tensile fracture of reinforcement bars of the column in sleeves occurred and the column lost its bearing capacity. The failure mode of the RC joint was shear failure of the core region after the column end yielded and the structure still had a certain bearing capacity and plastic deformability. The initial stiffness of each joint was approximately the same, and the seismic bearing capacity of the RC joint was significantly better than that of the PC joints. The ductility factor of the RC joint was 3.23, while the failure mode of PC joints was brittle failure. In conclusion, the "strong beam and weak column" PC joints showed poor seismic behavior, and its failure mode was column end shear brittle failure,which should be avoided in design and construction.
2020, 50(1): 28-33.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001006
Abstract:
Aiming at the dual system composed of prefabricated concrete frame (PCF) and buckling restrained brace (BRB) system, the finite element analysis models of different story structures were established, and the influence of stiffness ratio (i.e. the lateral stiffness ratio of BRB system to PCF system) k on the seismic behavior of the structure was studied by using nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis method. The results showed that the proper arrangement of BRB in PCF system could reduce the peak story drifts of the structure and the damage degree of beam and column members, and improve the post-earthquake repair efficiency of the structure. When the stiffness ratio was small, increasing k could improve the seismic behavior of the structure, but when k≥1.5, increasing k would improve the seismic behavior of the structure less, and the reasonable range of stiffness ratio was suggested to be k≤1.5.
Aiming at the dual system composed of prefabricated concrete frame (PCF) and buckling restrained brace (BRB) system, the finite element analysis models of different story structures were established, and the influence of stiffness ratio (i.e. the lateral stiffness ratio of BRB system to PCF system) k on the seismic behavior of the structure was studied by using nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis method. The results showed that the proper arrangement of BRB in PCF system could reduce the peak story drifts of the structure and the damage degree of beam and column members, and improve the post-earthquake repair efficiency of the structure. When the stiffness ratio was small, increasing k could improve the seismic behavior of the structure, but when k≥1.5, increasing k would improve the seismic behavior of the structure less, and the reasonable range of stiffness ratio was suggested to be k≤1.5.
2020, 50(1): 34-39.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001007
Abstract:
The case-study five-story and nine-story self-centering prestressed concrete (SCPC) frames for the PRESSS-Technology Design Example Handbook were selected as analytical model.The friction damper was installed into beam-column connections and infill walls was installed into the SCPC frame structure. The numerical models of the 4 SCPC frame structures were established via the finite element software OpenSees to investigate the influence of infill walls on seismic performance (i.e.higher model effect) of SCPC frames. Furthermore, dynamic analysis under the design basis earthquake (DBE) and the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) actions of 22 suits ground motion records selected from FEMA P695 were carried out on the 4 models accordingly. Comparison of the results showed that the initial stiffness and energy dissipating capacity of structures were improved, the higher model effect and damage concentration effect of SCPC frames were decreased, the inter-story drift ratio was increased. Though the residual deformation was enhanced slightly when the infill walls was installed itno SCPC frame structures, the structure was still repairable.
The case-study five-story and nine-story self-centering prestressed concrete (SCPC) frames for the PRESSS-Technology Design Example Handbook were selected as analytical model.The friction damper was installed into beam-column connections and infill walls was installed into the SCPC frame structure. The numerical models of the 4 SCPC frame structures were established via the finite element software OpenSees to investigate the influence of infill walls on seismic performance (i.e.higher model effect) of SCPC frames. Furthermore, dynamic analysis under the design basis earthquake (DBE) and the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) actions of 22 suits ground motion records selected from FEMA P695 were carried out on the 4 models accordingly. Comparison of the results showed that the initial stiffness and energy dissipating capacity of structures were improved, the higher model effect and damage concentration effect of SCPC frames were decreased, the inter-story drift ratio was increased. Though the residual deformation was enhanced slightly when the infill walls was installed itno SCPC frame structures, the structure was still repairable.
2020, 50(1): 40-46.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001008
Abstract:
U-shaped steel plate damper is a kind of bending yield energy dissipater which can adapt to large displacement. Firstly, two U-shaped steel dampers were designed and manufactured, and the quasi-static test was carried out. The results showed that the dampers had good and stable energy dissipation capacity and deformation capacity. Based on this, in order to study the effect of the facade panel with damper on the seismic behavior of the main structure, a full-scale prefabricated concrete shear wall specimen with this kind of panel was designed and fabricated. Precast concrete sandwich panel was used for facade panel, and double-row reinforcement was employed to connect the top of the panel with the coupling beam, avoiding the plastic hinge region. U-shaped steel plate dampers were connected with the foundation at the bottom of the panel by bolts. Quasi-static test was carried out for the specimen, and the test results indicated that the U-shaped steel plate dampers yielded first when the displacement was quite small, then plastic hinges appeared successively at the root of wall and the end of coupling beam, and finally, the concrete in the plastic hinge area crushed; the beam hinge mechanism could be achieved; the U-shaped steel plate dampers had ideal crawler rolling deformation manner which could meet the expectation; the hysteresis loop of the specimen was relatively full, and the specimen had good energy dissipation and deformation capacity.
U-shaped steel plate damper is a kind of bending yield energy dissipater which can adapt to large displacement. Firstly, two U-shaped steel dampers were designed and manufactured, and the quasi-static test was carried out. The results showed that the dampers had good and stable energy dissipation capacity and deformation capacity. Based on this, in order to study the effect of the facade panel with damper on the seismic behavior of the main structure, a full-scale prefabricated concrete shear wall specimen with this kind of panel was designed and fabricated. Precast concrete sandwich panel was used for facade panel, and double-row reinforcement was employed to connect the top of the panel with the coupling beam, avoiding the plastic hinge region. U-shaped steel plate dampers were connected with the foundation at the bottom of the panel by bolts. Quasi-static test was carried out for the specimen, and the test results indicated that the U-shaped steel plate dampers yielded first when the displacement was quite small, then plastic hinges appeared successively at the root of wall and the end of coupling beam, and finally, the concrete in the plastic hinge area crushed; the beam hinge mechanism could be achieved; the U-shaped steel plate dampers had ideal crawler rolling deformation manner which could meet the expectation; the hysteresis loop of the specimen was relatively full, and the specimen had good energy dissipation and deformation capacity.
2020, 50(1): 55-61.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001010
Abstract:
In recent years, the domestic research on planning decision-making mechanisms in river planning is relatively poor, still having inadequacies in balancing multiple conflicts in order to achieve maximum benefits. A standardized and programmatic decision-making mechanism has not yet been formed. Taking the Rhone-Thur river revitalization program in Switzerland as an example, the study expounded the Swiss river planning decision experience from the main components of river planning decision and their relationships as well as the procedures and decision support methods in the decision process. Suggestions for research proposes in China were proposed, including 3 aspects: improving the organization and coordination of decision-making bodies in river planning, carefully considering the completeness and complexity of decision-making procedures, and actively developing multiple scientific prediction methods.
In recent years, the domestic research on planning decision-making mechanisms in river planning is relatively poor, still having inadequacies in balancing multiple conflicts in order to achieve maximum benefits. A standardized and programmatic decision-making mechanism has not yet been formed. Taking the Rhone-Thur river revitalization program in Switzerland as an example, the study expounded the Swiss river planning decision experience from the main components of river planning decision and their relationships as well as the procedures and decision support methods in the decision process. Suggestions for research proposes in China were proposed, including 3 aspects: improving the organization and coordination of decision-making bodies in river planning, carefully considering the completeness and complexity of decision-making procedures, and actively developing multiple scientific prediction methods.
2020, 50(1): 62-68,147.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001011
Abstract:
With the rapid development of cities, the construction of urban slow-traffic systems has gradually become an important way to solve traffic congestion issue and promote the construction of healthy cities. As a linear factor, river corridors in cities have great potential to build slow networks, improve urban environmental quality, and enhance urban vitality. However, riverside sites in urban built-up areas often face many problems such as complex land use conditions, lack of space, and fragmentation by cities. The study aimed to build a high-quality urban riverside slow-traffic system with complex city functions, slow-moving comfort, and convenient surrounding connections. Four aspects were disscused including land and space combing, slow-traffic road section mode, slow-traffic mode, connection mode and slow-traffic service facilities to summarize the organization mode of the river corridor slow traffic system construction. The research of Houtang River in Ningbo was also taken as an example to explore the application of the mode in practical projects. Fimally, advices for future research and practical were proposed.
With the rapid development of cities, the construction of urban slow-traffic systems has gradually become an important way to solve traffic congestion issue and promote the construction of healthy cities. As a linear factor, river corridors in cities have great potential to build slow networks, improve urban environmental quality, and enhance urban vitality. However, riverside sites in urban built-up areas often face many problems such as complex land use conditions, lack of space, and fragmentation by cities. The study aimed to build a high-quality urban riverside slow-traffic system with complex city functions, slow-moving comfort, and convenient surrounding connections. Four aspects were disscused including land and space combing, slow-traffic road section mode, slow-traffic mode, connection mode and slow-traffic service facilities to summarize the organization mode of the river corridor slow traffic system construction. The research of Houtang River in Ningbo was also taken as an example to explore the application of the mode in practical projects. Fimally, advices for future research and practical were proposed.
2020, 50(1): 69-74.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001012
Abstract:
With the rapid development of society and the transformation of industrial structure, the traditional industrial production mode was replaced by the tertiary industry. The buildings left over from industrial production lost their original production capacity and were idle or abandoned, causing environmental pollution to a certain extent. In the process of urban development, the "going to stay" of industrial buildings occupying a superior geographical position has become a common concern of the society. At present, China’s research on the utilization of waste industrial buildings is in the stage of long-term exploration. It is mainly used in various industrial plants. The paper studied the utiation of special waste industrial buildings such as boiler houses, which could provide references for the utilization of waste industrial buildings with particularity, use "speciality" to exert its own value, highlight urban characteristics, and, to a certain extent, promote urban economic development through transformation.
With the rapid development of society and the transformation of industrial structure, the traditional industrial production mode was replaced by the tertiary industry. The buildings left over from industrial production lost their original production capacity and were idle or abandoned, causing environmental pollution to a certain extent. In the process of urban development, the "going to stay" of industrial buildings occupying a superior geographical position has become a common concern of the society. At present, China’s research on the utilization of waste industrial buildings is in the stage of long-term exploration. It is mainly used in various industrial plants. The paper studied the utiation of special waste industrial buildings such as boiler houses, which could provide references for the utilization of waste industrial buildings with particularity, use "speciality" to exert its own value, highlight urban characteristics, and, to a certain extent, promote urban economic development through transformation.
2020, 50(1): 75-79.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001013
Abstract:
Through the introduction of the planning and design of Yangzhou Incubator Base of Software Park, park planning, modular design, space organization mode and soon. the application of the container modular building from the aspects of in plant transformation and incubation park planning and the application of the science and technology innovation type building design method were exalored. It a new attempt on architeotural space and architectural aesthetics.
Through the introduction of the planning and design of Yangzhou Incubator Base of Software Park, park planning, modular design, space organization mode and soon. the application of the container modular building from the aspects of in plant transformation and incubation park planning and the application of the science and technology innovation type building design method were exalored. It a new attempt on architeotural space and architectural aesthetics.
2020, 50(1): 80-83,90.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001014
Abstract:
Under the background of sharing era, the development of sharing economy permeates every aspect of life, and sharing community gradually emerges. Based on the current situation of the old community development lagging behind urban development, through the acupuncture point intervention technique was applied on modification of old community public space, building sharing platform, and integrating community resources to have catalytic effect to the surrounding by cocals. The shared community can fully integrate and make use of the existing resources in the community. By constantly updating the old community’s public space,which is beneficial to the construction of the community and even the city.
Under the background of sharing era, the development of sharing economy permeates every aspect of life, and sharing community gradually emerges. Based on the current situation of the old community development lagging behind urban development, through the acupuncture point intervention technique was applied on modification of old community public space, building sharing platform, and integrating community resources to have catalytic effect to the surrounding by cocals. The shared community can fully integrate and make use of the existing resources in the community. By constantly updating the old community’s public space,which is beneficial to the construction of the community and even the city.
2020, 50(1): 84-90.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001015
Abstract:
In order to study the axial compression behavior of composite confined reinforced concrete circular column with multiple spiral stirrups, a total of 8 specimens were tested under axial compression. Three parameters including spiral stirrup spacing, steel cage spacing and number of spiral stirrups were taken into consideration. The failure process and mode of specimens were observed, and the load-deformation curve, peak load, and peak deflection were obtained. Furthermore, the effects of different parameters on axial compression behavior were analyzed. The results showed that the failure process and mode of circular columns with triple spiral stirrups were similar to those of circular columns with double spiral stirrups under axial compression. It had greater initial compression stiffness and better ductility and energy dissipation capacity, but increasing the amount of steel did not effectively improve its bearing capacity. Increasing the spacing of spiral stirrup could significantly reduce the steel consumption without significantly reducing the bearing capacity, while the peak deformation, initial compression stiffness, ductility and energy dissipation gradually decreased. With the increase of steel cage spacing, the reduction of steel consumption was greater than that of bearing capacity, and the ductility and energy dissipation capacity were improved, but the peak deformation and initial compression stiffness had no obvious regularity.
In order to study the axial compression behavior of composite confined reinforced concrete circular column with multiple spiral stirrups, a total of 8 specimens were tested under axial compression. Three parameters including spiral stirrup spacing, steel cage spacing and number of spiral stirrups were taken into consideration. The failure process and mode of specimens were observed, and the load-deformation curve, peak load, and peak deflection were obtained. Furthermore, the effects of different parameters on axial compression behavior were analyzed. The results showed that the failure process and mode of circular columns with triple spiral stirrups were similar to those of circular columns with double spiral stirrups under axial compression. It had greater initial compression stiffness and better ductility and energy dissipation capacity, but increasing the amount of steel did not effectively improve its bearing capacity. Increasing the spacing of spiral stirrup could significantly reduce the steel consumption without significantly reducing the bearing capacity, while the peak deformation, initial compression stiffness, ductility and energy dissipation gradually decreased. With the increase of steel cage spacing, the reduction of steel consumption was greater than that of bearing capacity, and the ductility and energy dissipation capacity were improved, but the peak deformation and initial compression stiffness had no obvious regularity.
2020, 50(1): 91-98.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001016
Abstract:
By using finite element to simulate the medhanical propersies of the prefabricated prestressed channel slab structure system under explosion load, the simulation results of scaled model were compared with the test results, through comparing the mechanical properties and failure mode, the model accoded with experiment was established, and based on the full scale model, the dynamic performance and deformation performance prefabricated prestressed channel slab structure in the civil air defense under explosion load were simulation and analyzed. The results showed that the dynamic constitutive model of high strain rate could well simulate the mechanical properties and failure mode of the structure under explosion load. Under the action of nuclear level 6, nuclear level 5, nuclear level 4B and nuclear level 4, the concrete damage under compression and tension was less than 0.5. The prefabricated prestressed channed plate hds good blast-resistant performance under explosion load, and the overall ductility ratio of the structure was more flon 7.5.
By using finite element to simulate the medhanical propersies of the prefabricated prestressed channel slab structure system under explosion load, the simulation results of scaled model were compared with the test results, through comparing the mechanical properties and failure mode, the model accoded with experiment was established, and based on the full scale model, the dynamic performance and deformation performance prefabricated prestressed channel slab structure in the civil air defense under explosion load were simulation and analyzed. The results showed that the dynamic constitutive model of high strain rate could well simulate the mechanical properties and failure mode of the structure under explosion load. Under the action of nuclear level 6, nuclear level 5, nuclear level 4B and nuclear level 4, the concrete damage under compression and tension was less than 0.5. The prefabricated prestressed channed plate hds good blast-resistant performance under explosion load, and the overall ductility ratio of the structure was more flon 7.5.
2020, 50(1): 99-108.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001017
Abstract:
The application of composite structure in metro depot was briefly described firstly. Then the base joint, beam-column joint, joint of upper column and lower column, joint of beam-supported column, steel chapiter reserved joint of the composite frame structure,were classified and introduced one by one. Several typical complicated situations in practical design were explained in detail, which were not covered by present codes or atlases of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) and concrete filled steel tube. Finally, based on experience, some improvements and measures to solve these problems were recommended, and their technical rationality and constructive feasibility were also expounded, which could provide some references and inspirations for the design of composite frame joints of metro depot in the future.
The application of composite structure in metro depot was briefly described firstly. Then the base joint, beam-column joint, joint of upper column and lower column, joint of beam-supported column, steel chapiter reserved joint of the composite frame structure,were classified and introduced one by one. Several typical complicated situations in practical design were explained in detail, which were not covered by present codes or atlases of steel reinforced concrete (SRC) and concrete filled steel tube. Finally, based on experience, some improvements and measures to solve these problems were recommended, and their technical rationality and constructive feasibility were also expounded, which could provide some references and inspirations for the design of composite frame joints of metro depot in the future.
2020, 50(1): 109-117,183.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001018
Abstract:
As a kind of geological disaster, water gushing-out is more common in the construction of karst tunnels, and the structural type, failure mode of the rock mass resisting water gushing-out is closely related to the occurrence of such disaster. Through the statistical analysis on 30 cases of water gushing-out accidents, it was found that the water gushing-out disaster mainly occurred in the deep-long and long-span karst tunnel, and the discharge of water was about 100 to 10 000 m3/h. Based on the detail description of the rock mass resisting water gushing-out structure in the cases, six structural types were summerized, including intact to relatively intact structure, layered fragmented structure, block fractured structure, intermittent structure, soil-rock mixture structure and dense bulk structure. The failure mode of each rock mass structure was described in detail. Then, the permeability characteristics of three representative types of rock mass resisting water gushing-out under high water pressure were described. It was known that the formation of water gushing-out channel was a gradual process in which the internal joint and fissure expanded, penetrated and scoured under the repeated action of high water pressure. Finally, in order to predict the possibility of water gushing-out, the magnitude and trend of water gushing-pressure, displacement change during deformation and failure of the rock mass resisting water gushing-out and variation of temperature field of rock mass affected by groundwater were distinguished and analyzed. They were used as early warning identification of water gushing-out disaster, and the measures were taken to control the disaster before water gushing-out happened.
As a kind of geological disaster, water gushing-out is more common in the construction of karst tunnels, and the structural type, failure mode of the rock mass resisting water gushing-out is closely related to the occurrence of such disaster. Through the statistical analysis on 30 cases of water gushing-out accidents, it was found that the water gushing-out disaster mainly occurred in the deep-long and long-span karst tunnel, and the discharge of water was about 100 to 10 000 m3/h. Based on the detail description of the rock mass resisting water gushing-out structure in the cases, six structural types were summerized, including intact to relatively intact structure, layered fragmented structure, block fractured structure, intermittent structure, soil-rock mixture structure and dense bulk structure. The failure mode of each rock mass structure was described in detail. Then, the permeability characteristics of three representative types of rock mass resisting water gushing-out under high water pressure were described. It was known that the formation of water gushing-out channel was a gradual process in which the internal joint and fissure expanded, penetrated and scoured under the repeated action of high water pressure. Finally, in order to predict the possibility of water gushing-out, the magnitude and trend of water gushing-pressure, displacement change during deformation and failure of the rock mass resisting water gushing-out and variation of temperature field of rock mass affected by groundwater were distinguished and analyzed. They were used as early warning identification of water gushing-out disaster, and the measures were taken to control the disaster before water gushing-out happened.
2020, 50(1): 118-124.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001019
Abstract:
In order to explore a reasonable improvement method in sulfate saline soil to reduce the salt expansion damage of foundation projects, the lab experiment was experimentalized by using the typical saline soil in Hexi corridor of Gansu as the research object, and the salt expansion ratios of the sulfate saline soil were tested under freeze-thaw cycle conditions. The properties of sulfate salt soils were improved by adding nanometer materials (nano-calcium carbonate, nano-silica) and phase change material (PCM), and salt expansion amounts were measured on the modified sulfate saline soil. Finally, the supersaturation ratio theory and electron microscope scanning images were combined to briefly analyze the precipitation law of salt crystal and the influence of various admixtures on it. The experimental results showed that nano-silica, nano-calcium carbonate and phase change material had an inhibitory effect on the salt expansion of the sulfate saline soil. When the mix content was 2%, each of them showed good improvement effects on sulfate saline soils with no more than 3% salt content. And the improvement effects of nano-silica on salt swelling of sulfate saline soil were better than that of nano-calcium carbonate or PCM, and there existed a optial mix amount of PCM, which was about 2%.
In order to explore a reasonable improvement method in sulfate saline soil to reduce the salt expansion damage of foundation projects, the lab experiment was experimentalized by using the typical saline soil in Hexi corridor of Gansu as the research object, and the salt expansion ratios of the sulfate saline soil were tested under freeze-thaw cycle conditions. The properties of sulfate salt soils were improved by adding nanometer materials (nano-calcium carbonate, nano-silica) and phase change material (PCM), and salt expansion amounts were measured on the modified sulfate saline soil. Finally, the supersaturation ratio theory and electron microscope scanning images were combined to briefly analyze the precipitation law of salt crystal and the influence of various admixtures on it. The experimental results showed that nano-silica, nano-calcium carbonate and phase change material had an inhibitory effect on the salt expansion of the sulfate saline soil. When the mix content was 2%, each of them showed good improvement effects on sulfate saline soils with no more than 3% salt content. And the improvement effects of nano-silica on salt swelling of sulfate saline soil were better than that of nano-calcium carbonate or PCM, and there existed a optial mix amount of PCM, which was about 2%.
2020, 50(1): 125-129,141.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001020
Abstract:
At present, the research factors for the bond properties of reinforced concrete structures are relatively simple,and the coupling effect of various environmental factors is not considered,which is still quite different from the actual service environment of reinforced concrete structure. From the point of view that considering the interaction of fatigue and corrosion, a group of reinforced concrete specimens were designed and divided into three test groups: fatigue test group, corrosion test group and coupling test group.Through the test results, the bond properties degradation law, failure characteristics and slipping trend of the reinforced concrete under the coupling and single factor effects were analyzed.The experimental results showed that the coupling effect on the bond properties was more remarkable than that of the effect of single factor;with the deepening of the environmental impact, the bond properties decreased and the failure mode changed; the fracture occurred in a small number of steel bars after being subjected to coupling action, the fundamental reason was that there was "amplification effect" between the two influencing factors.
At present, the research factors for the bond properties of reinforced concrete structures are relatively simple,and the coupling effect of various environmental factors is not considered,which is still quite different from the actual service environment of reinforced concrete structure. From the point of view that considering the interaction of fatigue and corrosion, a group of reinforced concrete specimens were designed and divided into three test groups: fatigue test group, corrosion test group and coupling test group.Through the test results, the bond properties degradation law, failure characteristics and slipping trend of the reinforced concrete under the coupling and single factor effects were analyzed.The experimental results showed that the coupling effect on the bond properties was more remarkable than that of the effect of single factor;with the deepening of the environmental impact, the bond properties decreased and the failure mode changed; the fracture occurred in a small number of steel bars after being subjected to coupling action, the fundamental reason was that there was "amplification effect" between the two influencing factors.
2020, 50(1): 130-134,161.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001021
Abstract:
In order to further study the semi-soaked environment in actual engineering, the part of concrete exposed to the air suffers from more serious erosion and damage, and the difference of the degradation law between the adsorption zone and the immersion zone, five kinds of stress ratio axial load and two concentrations of sulfate solution coupling under long-term semi-immersion and dry-wet cycle tests were designed, and the concrete under full immersion was set as a control. Comparing the difference of deterioration law between adsorption zone and immersion zone, analyzing the influence of different axial loads and sulfate concentration on mass, relative dynamic elastic modulus and compressive strength.The test results showed that the deterioration degree of concrete in all combined adsorption zones at the same age was greater than that in the immersion zone and full immersion, the low stress ratio had a certain effect of inhibiting deterioration on the early stage of erosion, and the higher stress ratio and larger sulfate concentration had a significant effect on the deterioration of the specimen. Under the coupling action of 0.2 and 0.3 ratio and 5% sulfate concentration, the relative dynamic elastic modulus of specimen in 300 d age decreased by 12% and 7%.The relative dynamic elastic modulus at 50% stress ratio and 5%, 10% sulfate coupling decreased to 38% and 42%.
In order to further study the semi-soaked environment in actual engineering, the part of concrete exposed to the air suffers from more serious erosion and damage, and the difference of the degradation law between the adsorption zone and the immersion zone, five kinds of stress ratio axial load and two concentrations of sulfate solution coupling under long-term semi-immersion and dry-wet cycle tests were designed, and the concrete under full immersion was set as a control. Comparing the difference of deterioration law between adsorption zone and immersion zone, analyzing the influence of different axial loads and sulfate concentration on mass, relative dynamic elastic modulus and compressive strength.The test results showed that the deterioration degree of concrete in all combined adsorption zones at the same age was greater than that in the immersion zone and full immersion, the low stress ratio had a certain effect of inhibiting deterioration on the early stage of erosion, and the higher stress ratio and larger sulfate concentration had a significant effect on the deterioration of the specimen. Under the coupling action of 0.2 and 0.3 ratio and 5% sulfate concentration, the relative dynamic elastic modulus of specimen in 300 d age decreased by 12% and 7%.The relative dynamic elastic modulus at 50% stress ratio and 5%, 10% sulfate coupling decreased to 38% and 42%.
2020, 50(1): 135-141.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001022
Abstract:
The water content of concrete specimen was pre-treated by soaking and baking without changing the internal pore structure and distribution, then through the axial compressive test at different cryogenic temperatures, the influencing regularities of three factors including cryogenic temperature action (-40 ℃ to -180 ℃), concrete water content (1.5% to 5.5%) and strength grade (C30, C40 and C50) on cryogenic temperature compressive strength of concrete were systematically discussed, and corresponding coupling function was fitted out. The test results showed that the higher the concrete water content and strength grade, and the lower the cryogenic temperature, the greater the damage-induced sound and crispness extent, meanwhile the more obvious the brittleness failure and eccentricity feature; the broken residual blocks of the upper and lower cones became more different and the fragments became finer, and the phenomenon of aggregate splitting was more apparent. The compressive strength of concrete increased greatly at cryogenic temperature, the higher the concrete water content, and the lower the concrete strength grade and the cryogenic temperature, the more obvious this changing trend, and it was closer to the linear relationship with increase in concrete water content. Among the three key factors, the effects of concrete water content and cryogenic temperature on concrete compressive strength were obvious, but the influence of concrete strength grade was weaker.
The water content of concrete specimen was pre-treated by soaking and baking without changing the internal pore structure and distribution, then through the axial compressive test at different cryogenic temperatures, the influencing regularities of three factors including cryogenic temperature action (-40 ℃ to -180 ℃), concrete water content (1.5% to 5.5%) and strength grade (C30, C40 and C50) on cryogenic temperature compressive strength of concrete were systematically discussed, and corresponding coupling function was fitted out. The test results showed that the higher the concrete water content and strength grade, and the lower the cryogenic temperature, the greater the damage-induced sound and crispness extent, meanwhile the more obvious the brittleness failure and eccentricity feature; the broken residual blocks of the upper and lower cones became more different and the fragments became finer, and the phenomenon of aggregate splitting was more apparent. The compressive strength of concrete increased greatly at cryogenic temperature, the higher the concrete water content, and the lower the concrete strength grade and the cryogenic temperature, the more obvious this changing trend, and it was closer to the linear relationship with increase in concrete water content. Among the three key factors, the effects of concrete water content and cryogenic temperature on concrete compressive strength were obvious, but the influence of concrete strength grade was weaker.
2020, 50(1): 142-147.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001023
Abstract:
The pre-crack method was used to simulate the cracked concrete in the actual engineering. The damage degradation process and mechanical properties of the concrete with cracks under freeze-thaw cycles were studied. Through the observation of surface change, uniaxial compression and elastic modulus test of concrete specimens with and without pre-crack to study the freeze-thaw cycles effected on the elastic modulus, axial compressive strength, stress-strain relationship of specimens with and without pre-crack, the relationship between peak stress and peak strain as a function of freeze-thaw cycles was obtained. Combined with the damage mechanics, the effects of pre-formed cracks on the frost resistance of concrete were analyzed. The results showed that, after freezing and thawing, the crack-free specimens appeared flaking of surface and corner cutted. The phenomenon of radial propagation of pre-cracks and lateral initiation of transverse cracks appeared in pre-crack specimens. The loss rate of strength and modulus of elasticity of precast cracked concrete specimens were faster. The formulas for calculating peak stress and freeze-thaw cycles of pre-crack specimens were obtained. The cracks caused the concrete damage rate to be greater than that of the specimens without pre-crack.
The pre-crack method was used to simulate the cracked concrete in the actual engineering. The damage degradation process and mechanical properties of the concrete with cracks under freeze-thaw cycles were studied. Through the observation of surface change, uniaxial compression and elastic modulus test of concrete specimens with and without pre-crack to study the freeze-thaw cycles effected on the elastic modulus, axial compressive strength, stress-strain relationship of specimens with and without pre-crack, the relationship between peak stress and peak strain as a function of freeze-thaw cycles was obtained. Combined with the damage mechanics, the effects of pre-formed cracks on the frost resistance of concrete were analyzed. The results showed that, after freezing and thawing, the crack-free specimens appeared flaking of surface and corner cutted. The phenomenon of radial propagation of pre-cracks and lateral initiation of transverse cracks appeared in pre-crack specimens. The loss rate of strength and modulus of elasticity of precast cracked concrete specimens were faster. The formulas for calculating peak stress and freeze-thaw cycles of pre-crack specimens were obtained. The cracks caused the concrete damage rate to be greater than that of the specimens without pre-crack.
2020, 50(1): 148-153,27.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001024
Abstract:
Based on the combination of hydraulic synchronous sliding technique and construction prestressing technique applied in the long-span steel roof construction of Hongdao International Exhibition Center construction, the paper studied the combined application of the two techniques by taking the influence of construction prestressing on the construction process as the breakthrough point. The results showed that the removing temporary support sequence of the sliding unit and the time of filling the gear bar should consider the influence of construction prestress; the application of construction prestress changed the stress stiffness of the sliding unit and increased the risk of out-of-plane instability of the sliding unit, so it was necessary to determine whether to take reinforcement measures according to the specific project; the effects of sliding boots unsynchronization on the mechanical properties of the sliding unit during the sliding process were discussed with consideration of prestressing superposition effect.
Based on the combination of hydraulic synchronous sliding technique and construction prestressing technique applied in the long-span steel roof construction of Hongdao International Exhibition Center construction, the paper studied the combined application of the two techniques by taking the influence of construction prestressing on the construction process as the breakthrough point. The results showed that the removing temporary support sequence of the sliding unit and the time of filling the gear bar should consider the influence of construction prestress; the application of construction prestress changed the stress stiffness of the sliding unit and increased the risk of out-of-plane instability of the sliding unit, so it was necessary to determine whether to take reinforcement measures according to the specific project; the effects of sliding boots unsynchronization on the mechanical properties of the sliding unit during the sliding process were discussed with consideration of prestressing superposition effect.
2020, 50(1): 154-161.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001025
Abstract:
Technical Specificatiors for Steel Plate Shear Walls(JGJ/T 380—2015) do not involve specific values for the structural influence coefficient and the displacement amplification factor of the steel plate shear wall. According to Code for Seismic Design of Buildings(GB 50011—2010), the steel plate shear wall structures of the A and B groups with 4, 8, and 12 layers were designed. the displacement amplification factor and the structural influence coefficient of the single frame plane and the integrall steel shear wall structure were obtained under uniform load and inverted triangle load with Pushover analytical method by Midas/Gen. It was shown that: the structural influence coefficient and the displacement amplification factor of the single frame and the integral steel plate shear wall structure in the uniform load mode were generally larger than that in inverted triangle loading mode. The structural influence coefficient and the displacement amplification factor of the single frame shear wall structure were larger than the corresponding coefficients of the integral steel shear wall structure. The coefficient and the factor calculated by the single frame structure couldn’t replace the integral steel shear wall structure calculated coefficient. It was suggested that the structural influence coefficient and displacement amplification factor of the steel plate shear wall structure with no more than 12 layers should be 3.25 and 6.45.
Technical Specificatiors for Steel Plate Shear Walls(JGJ/T 380—2015) do not involve specific values for the structural influence coefficient and the displacement amplification factor of the steel plate shear wall. According to Code for Seismic Design of Buildings(GB 50011—2010), the steel plate shear wall structures of the A and B groups with 4, 8, and 12 layers were designed. the displacement amplification factor and the structural influence coefficient of the single frame plane and the integrall steel shear wall structure were obtained under uniform load and inverted triangle load with Pushover analytical method by Midas/Gen. It was shown that: the structural influence coefficient and the displacement amplification factor of the single frame and the integral steel plate shear wall structure in the uniform load mode were generally larger than that in inverted triangle loading mode. The structural influence coefficient and the displacement amplification factor of the single frame shear wall structure were larger than the corresponding coefficients of the integral steel shear wall structure. The coefficient and the factor calculated by the single frame structure couldn’t replace the integral steel shear wall structure calculated coefficient. It was suggested that the structural influence coefficient and displacement amplification factor of the steel plate shear wall structure with no more than 12 layers should be 3.25 and 6.45.
2020, 50(1): 162-169.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001026
Abstract:
In order to study the mechanical properties of earthquake-resilient box-shaped steel piers, the numerical analysis of the new box-shaped steel piers was carried out under axial tension and compression by ANSYS software. The axial compression tests and numerical simulation results of the new box-shaped steel piers were compared to verify the reliability of the finite element simulation method. On this basis, the influences of the height, width and thickness of the low-yield point energy-consuming steel plates on the skeleton curves, ductility coefficient and energy dissipation capacity of the new box-shaped steel piers were discussed. The results showed that the width and thickness of the steel plates with low-yield point had a great influence on the bearing capacity of the box-shaped steel piers. The bearing capacity of the specimens decreased with the increase of the width of the steel plates with low yield point, and increased with the increase of the thickness. The height of the low-yield point steel plates had little effect on the bearing capacity of the new box-shaped steel piers. If the height of the steel plates with low-yield point increased in the range of 1/3~5/7 times of the specimen, the energy dissipation capacity of the box-shaped steel piers would be improved. While the thickness of the steel plates with low-yield point increased in the range of 1~1.5 times the thickness of the web plates, the energy dissipation capacity of the box-shaped steel piers would also be improved. When the width of the steel plates with low-yield point increased, the energy dissipation capacity of the box-shaped steel piers decreased.
In order to study the mechanical properties of earthquake-resilient box-shaped steel piers, the numerical analysis of the new box-shaped steel piers was carried out under axial tension and compression by ANSYS software. The axial compression tests and numerical simulation results of the new box-shaped steel piers were compared to verify the reliability of the finite element simulation method. On this basis, the influences of the height, width and thickness of the low-yield point energy-consuming steel plates on the skeleton curves, ductility coefficient and energy dissipation capacity of the new box-shaped steel piers were discussed. The results showed that the width and thickness of the steel plates with low-yield point had a great influence on the bearing capacity of the box-shaped steel piers. The bearing capacity of the specimens decreased with the increase of the width of the steel plates with low yield point, and increased with the increase of the thickness. The height of the low-yield point steel plates had little effect on the bearing capacity of the new box-shaped steel piers. If the height of the steel plates with low-yield point increased in the range of 1/3~5/7 times of the specimen, the energy dissipation capacity of the box-shaped steel piers would be improved. While the thickness of the steel plates with low-yield point increased in the range of 1~1.5 times the thickness of the web plates, the energy dissipation capacity of the box-shaped steel piers would also be improved. When the width of the steel plates with low-yield point increased, the energy dissipation capacity of the box-shaped steel piers decreased.
2020, 50(1): 170-177.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001027
Abstract:
The finite element software ABAQUS was used to analyze the influence on the k value of the elastic distortional buckling stability coefficient considering changing of the type of opening, the size and the position of opening in the paper. The results showed that the position of the opening would affect the buckling mode of members, there was a safe distance between the openings, and the buckling stability coefficient k of the members with circle or slotted opening in web had different degrees of reduction. Finally, according to the main influencing parameters, the limits of end distance and distance between the opening were presented, some relative simple formulas were proposed to calculate the distortional buckling stability coefficient of cold-formed thin-walled lipped channel steel members with circle or slotted opening in web.
The finite element software ABAQUS was used to analyze the influence on the k value of the elastic distortional buckling stability coefficient considering changing of the type of opening, the size and the position of opening in the paper. The results showed that the position of the opening would affect the buckling mode of members, there was a safe distance between the openings, and the buckling stability coefficient k of the members with circle or slotted opening in web had different degrees of reduction. Finally, according to the main influencing parameters, the limits of end distance and distance between the opening were presented, some relative simple formulas were proposed to calculate the distortional buckling stability coefficient of cold-formed thin-walled lipped channel steel members with circle or slotted opening in web.
2020, 50(1): 178-183.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001028
Abstract:
According to the current trend of industry production, a new type of precast steel-concrete laminated slab is developed in order to solve the problems of large weight and complex procedure of rib pouring of traditional precast ribbed laminated slab. The mid-span deflections of traditional ribbed slab and steel-concrete laminated slab in the construction phase were analyzed by using ABAQUS. Meanwhile, the influences of rib’s height and the width of flange on the mid-span deflection of new laminated slab were also studied. In addition, the load versus mid-span deflection curves, the ultimate bearing capacity and the ductility of the two precast slabs were compared, and the influence of different dimensions on the mechanical properties of the new laminated slabs was analyzed. The results showed that the deflection of new laminated slab was less than that of the traditional ribbed slab in the construction phase when the width of flange was more than 30 mm. The mid-span deflection of new ribbed slab decreased with the increase of rib’s height and the width of flange. Compared with traditional laminated slab, the stiffness degradation of new type of laminated slab was slower after the longitudinal bars yielded. Furthermore, it had higher ultimate bearing capacity and ductility. Increasing rib’s height and the width of flange could effectively improve the ultimate bearing capacity and ductility of new laminated slab.
According to the current trend of industry production, a new type of precast steel-concrete laminated slab is developed in order to solve the problems of large weight and complex procedure of rib pouring of traditional precast ribbed laminated slab. The mid-span deflections of traditional ribbed slab and steel-concrete laminated slab in the construction phase were analyzed by using ABAQUS. Meanwhile, the influences of rib’s height and the width of flange on the mid-span deflection of new laminated slab were also studied. In addition, the load versus mid-span deflection curves, the ultimate bearing capacity and the ductility of the two precast slabs were compared, and the influence of different dimensions on the mechanical properties of the new laminated slabs was analyzed. The results showed that the deflection of new laminated slab was less than that of the traditional ribbed slab in the construction phase when the width of flange was more than 30 mm. The mid-span deflection of new ribbed slab decreased with the increase of rib’s height and the width of flange. Compared with traditional laminated slab, the stiffness degradation of new type of laminated slab was slower after the longitudinal bars yielded. Furthermore, it had higher ultimate bearing capacity and ductility. Increasing rib’s height and the width of flange could effectively improve the ultimate bearing capacity and ductility of new laminated slab.
2020, 50(1): 184-189,177.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001029
Abstract:
Through the test and finite element simulation analysis of the flexural stiffness of bottom box of removable box house, the load-displacement curves of the bottom frame beam at the 1/4 section, the middle span and the bottom frame center were compared. The results showed that the finite element simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results, and the reliability of the finite element analysis was verified. Based on the finite element numerical simulation, the influence of the four factors on the flexural stiffness of bottom frame, such as calcium silicate board floor, corner opening, column and top and bottom frame bolted connection stiffness, corner piece corner constraint was analyzed, and the mid-span versus displacement curves of the bottom frame beam under different influencing tactors were obtained. The resulets showed that the connection between the column and the top and bottom frame was a semi-rigid connection. The influence of the opening of the corner piece on the mid-span load versus displacement curve was small, the connection stiffness of the calcium silicate board and the bolt, and the bending stiffness of the corner had a greater impact on the flexural stiffness, so these factors should be considered in the analysis.
Through the test and finite element simulation analysis of the flexural stiffness of bottom box of removable box house, the load-displacement curves of the bottom frame beam at the 1/4 section, the middle span and the bottom frame center were compared. The results showed that the finite element simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results, and the reliability of the finite element analysis was verified. Based on the finite element numerical simulation, the influence of the four factors on the flexural stiffness of bottom frame, such as calcium silicate board floor, corner opening, column and top and bottom frame bolted connection stiffness, corner piece corner constraint was analyzed, and the mid-span versus displacement curves of the bottom frame beam under different influencing tactors were obtained. The resulets showed that the connection between the column and the top and bottom frame was a semi-rigid connection. The influence of the opening of the corner piece on the mid-span load versus displacement curve was small, the connection stiffness of the calcium silicate board and the bolt, and the bending stiffness of the corner had a greater impact on the flexural stiffness, so these factors should be considered in the analysis.
2020, 50(1): 190-196.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001030
Abstract:
In recent years, intangible cultural heritage has become a new type of tourism resource with its own unique charm. Many tourist attractions have considered intangible cultural heritage as new scenic spots. Accordingly, exhibition factories of intangible cultural heritage also have come into being. Due to geographical features of objects and specific environment of building, within scenic areas, exhibition factories of intangible cultural heritage pose strict demands on expressing and highlighting regional characteristics of building. Taking the Wuyishan Bamboo Raft Factory within the scenic area as an example, the paper made an in-depth evaluation and analysis of the project from a regional perspective,so as to offer enlightenment and reference to regional creation of exhibition factories of intangible cultural heritage in the future.
In recent years, intangible cultural heritage has become a new type of tourism resource with its own unique charm. Many tourist attractions have considered intangible cultural heritage as new scenic spots. Accordingly, exhibition factories of intangible cultural heritage also have come into being. Due to geographical features of objects and specific environment of building, within scenic areas, exhibition factories of intangible cultural heritage pose strict demands on expressing and highlighting regional characteristics of building. Taking the Wuyishan Bamboo Raft Factory within the scenic area as an example, the paper made an in-depth evaluation and analysis of the project from a regional perspective,so as to offer enlightenment and reference to regional creation of exhibition factories of intangible cultural heritage in the future.
2020, 50(1): 197-201,74.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz202001031
Abstract:
Golden brick belongs to a type of clay brick in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province. Due to complicated manufacture process, this type of brick owns excellent quality. Many palaces in the Forbidden City have golden brick paving floors. The paving process of the golden brick floor includes cushion layer treatment, elevation of the brick surface determination, the sample rows in orthogonal direction paving, checking the floor, pouring mortar, jointing, repairing the defective locations, buffing the brick surface with water, pouring decoration material and so on. The whole process is strictly demanded, and the floor is paved firmly, durable and lightful, which reflects the exquisite construction skill of the buildings in the Forbidden City.
Golden brick belongs to a type of clay brick in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province. Due to complicated manufacture process, this type of brick owns excellent quality. Many palaces in the Forbidden City have golden brick paving floors. The paving process of the golden brick floor includes cushion layer treatment, elevation of the brick surface determination, the sample rows in orthogonal direction paving, checking the floor, pouring mortar, jointing, repairing the defective locations, buffing the brick surface with water, pouring decoration material and so on. The whole process is strictly demanded, and the floor is paved firmly, durable and lightful, which reflects the exquisite construction skill of the buildings in the Forbidden City.
