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2014 Vol. 44, No. 11
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2014, 44(11): 1-4.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411001
Abstract:
In order to reveal mechanical behavior of steel and recycled coarse aggregate concrete after high temperature， the recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio of 100% recycled concrete cubic block and the artifactitious steel specimens were designed，which were put at normal temperature and at 200 ～ 800 ℃ ( differential varying by 100 ℃) to do mechanical tests of high temperature simulation fire． The appearance after high temperature of recycled coarse aggregate concrete and steel was observed，and the damage process，failure mode of recycled coarse aggregate concrete and yield strength and ultimate strength of steel were observed． The effect of high temperature on their residual strengths was analyzed and the formula to calculate their residual strengths was also proposed． The results showed that with the increasing of temperature，the yield strength of steel was in the change trend of decline after rising first． Temperature under 600 ℃ had little influence on ultimate strength，while the effect of temperature above 600 ℃ was significant． With the increasing of temperature，compressive strength decreased gradually．
In order to reveal mechanical behavior of steel and recycled coarse aggregate concrete after high temperature， the recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio of 100% recycled concrete cubic block and the artifactitious steel specimens were designed，which were put at normal temperature and at 200 ～ 800 ℃ ( differential varying by 100 ℃) to do mechanical tests of high temperature simulation fire． The appearance after high temperature of recycled coarse aggregate concrete and steel was observed，and the damage process，failure mode of recycled coarse aggregate concrete and yield strength and ultimate strength of steel were observed． The effect of high temperature on their residual strengths was analyzed and the formula to calculate their residual strengths was also proposed． The results showed that with the increasing of temperature，the yield strength of steel was in the change trend of decline after rising first． Temperature under 600 ℃ had little influence on ultimate strength，while the effect of temperature above 600 ℃ was significant． With the increasing of temperature，compressive strength decreased gradually．
2014, 44(11): 5-12.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411002
Abstract:
ZTo study the mechanical behavior and ultimate bearing capacity of recycled aggregate concrete-filled circle steel tube short columns under axial compression after high temperature，20 recycled aggregate concrete-filled circular steel tubular short columns specimens were designed and tested，and three varying parameters were considered in the test，which were recycled coarse aggregate replacement percentage，constant temperature and constant temperature time． The influences of different parameters on ultimate bearing capacity of specimens were analyzed． Unified strengthen theory and superposition calculation theory were used to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of specimens，whose results were compared with the test results． The results of study showed that the failure process and form of recycled aggregate concretefilled circular steel tubular columns under axial compression after high temperature were similar to ordinary concrete-filled steel tube columns． Constant temperature had significant effect on the bearing behavior． Bearing capacity with the extension of constant temperature time showed a trend of first increase and then decrease at the same temperature; aggregate replacement had little effect on bearing capacity; the unified strengthen theory calculation formulas proposed by Zhong Shantong was used to calculate ultimate bearing capacity of recycled aggregate concrete-filled circular steel tubular short columns after high temperature， the calculated results agreed well with the test results．
ZTo study the mechanical behavior and ultimate bearing capacity of recycled aggregate concrete-filled circle steel tube short columns under axial compression after high temperature，20 recycled aggregate concrete-filled circular steel tubular short columns specimens were designed and tested，and three varying parameters were considered in the test，which were recycled coarse aggregate replacement percentage，constant temperature and constant temperature time． The influences of different parameters on ultimate bearing capacity of specimens were analyzed． Unified strengthen theory and superposition calculation theory were used to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of specimens，whose results were compared with the test results． The results of study showed that the failure process and form of recycled aggregate concretefilled circular steel tubular columns under axial compression after high temperature were similar to ordinary concrete-filled steel tube columns． Constant temperature had significant effect on the bearing behavior． Bearing capacity with the extension of constant temperature time showed a trend of first increase and then decrease at the same temperature; aggregate replacement had little effect on bearing capacity; the unified strengthen theory calculation formulas proposed by Zhong Shantong was used to calculate ultimate bearing capacity of recycled aggregate concrete-filled circular steel tubular short columns after high temperature， the calculated results agreed well with the test results．
2014, 44(11): 13-18.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411003
Abstract:
Twenty-four specimens were designed to study the mechanical behavior of square steel tube short columns filled with recycled aggregate concrete under axial compression after high temperature． Two parameters，i． e replacement ratio and temperature were taken into consideration． The damage process and failure mode of specimens were observed，and stress-strain curve and ultimate bearing capacity as well as other important data were obtained by test． The effects of replacement ratio and temperature of that new kind of composite structures were investigated． The method to calculate ultimate bearing capacity of square steel tube short columns filled with recycled aggregate concrete under axial compression after high temperature was analyzed． The results indicated that the ultimate bearing capacity and elastic stiffness of the specimens after high ten perature presented a decrease trend with an increase temperature． With the increasing of temperature，ductility and energy dissipation first decreased and then increased． An increase recycled aggregate replacement ratio decreased the bearing capacity but increased ductility and energy dissipation． While increasing recycled aggregate replacement ratio，the elastic stiffness first increased and then decreased．
Twenty-four specimens were designed to study the mechanical behavior of square steel tube short columns filled with recycled aggregate concrete under axial compression after high temperature． Two parameters，i． e replacement ratio and temperature were taken into consideration． The damage process and failure mode of specimens were observed，and stress-strain curve and ultimate bearing capacity as well as other important data were obtained by test． The effects of replacement ratio and temperature of that new kind of composite structures were investigated． The method to calculate ultimate bearing capacity of square steel tube short columns filled with recycled aggregate concrete under axial compression after high temperature was analyzed． The results indicated that the ultimate bearing capacity and elastic stiffness of the specimens after high ten perature presented a decrease trend with an increase temperature． With the increasing of temperature，ductility and energy dissipation first decreased and then increased． An increase recycled aggregate replacement ratio decreased the bearing capacity but increased ductility and energy dissipation． While increasing recycled aggregate replacement ratio，the elastic stiffness first increased and then decreased．
2014, 44(11): 19-24.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411004
Abstract:
To study the mechanical behavior of recycled aggregate concrete-filled circular steel tube ( ＲACFCST) columns under eccentric loading after high temperatures，by changing parameters including replacement ratio and high temperature， 9 ＲACFCST columns with different recycled coarse aggregate after different high temperatures were designed and tested under monotonic static loading． The failure modes of specimens were observed，and then the loading-deformation and loading-strain curves of the entire loading process were obtained． The influence of the two varying parameters on the mechanical behavior of ＲACFSCT eccentric compression columns， for instance，bearing capacity，stiffness degradation， displacement ductility，and energy dissipation was analyzed． The results showed that the failure process and failure modes of ＲACFCST columns after high temperature were similar to normal specimens． It was found that ＲACFCST columns had high bearing capacity and better deformation performance．With the increase of temperature，ultimate bearing capacity and initial stiffness of RACFCST columns significantly reduced，while the influence of aggregate replacement ratio on the mechanical behaviors，such as bearing capacity，stiffness etc was not obvious．
To study the mechanical behavior of recycled aggregate concrete-filled circular steel tube ( ＲACFCST) columns under eccentric loading after high temperatures，by changing parameters including replacement ratio and high temperature， 9 ＲACFCST columns with different recycled coarse aggregate after different high temperatures were designed and tested under monotonic static loading． The failure modes of specimens were observed，and then the loading-deformation and loading-strain curves of the entire loading process were obtained． The influence of the two varying parameters on the mechanical behavior of ＲACFSCT eccentric compression columns， for instance，bearing capacity，stiffness degradation， displacement ductility，and energy dissipation was analyzed． The results showed that the failure process and failure modes of ＲACFCST columns after high temperature were similar to normal specimens． It was found that ＲACFCST columns had high bearing capacity and better deformation performance．With the increase of temperature，ultimate bearing capacity and initial stiffness of RACFCST columns significantly reduced，while the influence of aggregate replacement ratio on the mechanical behaviors，such as bearing capacity，stiffness etc was not obvious．
2014, 44(11): 25-31.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411005
Abstract:
In order to investigate mechanical performance of recycled aggregate concrete filled square steel tube column after high temperature subject to eccentric compression，eccentric compression static monotonic loading test were carried out to nine specimens． Two main influence factors including replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate and highest temperature of the specimens experienced were considered． It was observed the whole experiment process and the failure modes of the specimens，and got some important information such as ultimate bearing capacity，loaddeformation curves and cross section strain distribution． It was analyzed the influence of the changing parameters on the four main mechanical properties including ultimate bearing capacity，compressive stiffness，ductility and energy dissipation capacity． The destructive process was made up of three stages，the elastic stage，yield stage，and destruction stage． The results showed that the highest temperature had great impact on mechanical properties of specimens: with increase of temperature，the ultimate bearing capacity and the compressive stiffness of specimens decreased obviously; while the replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate had little influence on the mechanical properties of specimens．
In order to investigate mechanical performance of recycled aggregate concrete filled square steel tube column after high temperature subject to eccentric compression，eccentric compression static monotonic loading test were carried out to nine specimens． Two main influence factors including replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate and highest temperature of the specimens experienced were considered． It was observed the whole experiment process and the failure modes of the specimens，and got some important information such as ultimate bearing capacity，loaddeformation curves and cross section strain distribution． It was analyzed the influence of the changing parameters on the four main mechanical properties including ultimate bearing capacity，compressive stiffness，ductility and energy dissipation capacity． The destructive process was made up of three stages，the elastic stage，yield stage，and destruction stage． The results showed that the highest temperature had great impact on mechanical properties of specimens: with increase of temperature，the ultimate bearing capacity and the compressive stiffness of specimens decreased obviously; while the replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate had little influence on the mechanical properties of specimens．
2014, 44(11): 32-38.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411006
Abstract:
In order to reveal the axial compression behavior of steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete ( SＲＲAC) columns after high temperature，18 specimens were designed for monotonic loading experiment after high temperature， and five varying parameters were considered，which were the high temperature，the constant temperature time，the cover thickness，the steel ratio and the stirrup ratio． The failure processes and forms of specimens at different temperatures were observed，the percentage of mass decrement，load-displacement curves，residual bearing capacity， and other important data were obtained． And the effecting law of each changing parameters on the SＲＲAC columns’ mechanical behavior after high temperature was analyzed． Ｒesults showed that the failure mode of SＲＲAC columns after high temperature was similar to that at normal temperature． The SＲＲAC columns after high temperature had certain deformation performance after ultimate load，but the axial rigidity and residual bearing capacity of specimens were reduced compared with that at normal temperature． The strength of the specimens after high temperature was reduced by 13% to 50%，which was reduced by 32% to 42% at 600 ℃．
In order to reveal the axial compression behavior of steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete ( SＲＲAC) columns after high temperature，18 specimens were designed for monotonic loading experiment after high temperature， and five varying parameters were considered，which were the high temperature，the constant temperature time，the cover thickness，the steel ratio and the stirrup ratio． The failure processes and forms of specimens at different temperatures were observed，the percentage of mass decrement，load-displacement curves，residual bearing capacity， and other important data were obtained． And the effecting law of each changing parameters on the SＲＲAC columns’ mechanical behavior after high temperature was analyzed． Ｒesults showed that the failure mode of SＲＲAC columns after high temperature was similar to that at normal temperature． The SＲＲAC columns after high temperature had certain deformation performance after ultimate load，but the axial rigidity and residual bearing capacity of specimens were reduced compared with that at normal temperature． The strength of the specimens after high temperature was reduced by 13% to 50%，which was reduced by 32% to 42% at 600 ℃．
2014, 44(11): 39-44.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411007
Abstract:
Based on the static load tests of five steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete column specimens after high temperature and one contrastive specimen at ambient temperature，the damage process and failure mode of specimens were observed，ultimate bearing capacity，the stress distribution，load-deformation curve as well as other important information were obtained． The effects of replacement ratio and temperature on the mechanical properties of the specimens were analyzed． The results indicated that high temperature had a great influence on the mechanical properties of steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete bias columns． It was shown that higher temperature brings cracks forward． The results also indicated that increasing the temperature caused a decrease of bearing capacity and the flexural rigidity while the deformation and ductility were increased． It was shown that increase in replacement ratio of specimens，the ultimate concrete strain as well as ductility were increased but ultimate bearing capacity was decreased． Eccentricity of loading had an influence on the mechanical properties of specimens． With increasing the eccentricity of loading，residual bearing capacity and residual lateral stiffness significantly reduced．
Based on the static load tests of five steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete column specimens after high temperature and one contrastive specimen at ambient temperature，the damage process and failure mode of specimens were observed，ultimate bearing capacity，the stress distribution，load-deformation curve as well as other important information were obtained． The effects of replacement ratio and temperature on the mechanical properties of the specimens were analyzed． The results indicated that high temperature had a great influence on the mechanical properties of steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete bias columns． It was shown that higher temperature brings cracks forward． The results also indicated that increasing the temperature caused a decrease of bearing capacity and the flexural rigidity while the deformation and ductility were increased． It was shown that increase in replacement ratio of specimens，the ultimate concrete strain as well as ductility were increased but ultimate bearing capacity was decreased． Eccentricity of loading had an influence on the mechanical properties of specimens． With increasing the eccentricity of loading，residual bearing capacity and residual lateral stiffness significantly reduced．
2014, 44(11): 45-50.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411008
Abstract:
In order to reveal the flexural failure mechanism of steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete ( SRRAC) beams after high temperature，twelve SRRAC specimens were designed for monotonic loading experiment at ambient temperature，200，400 and 600 ℃． The experiment involved high temperature and the replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate． Appearance changes，the failure processes，and forms of specimens at different temperatures were observed，the load-displacement curves， cross-sectional stress distribution， ultimate load and other important information were obtained． And the effecting law of each changing parameter on the SRRAC beams’mechanical behavior after high temperature was analyzed． Results showed that the failure mode of SRRAC beams after high temperature was similar to that at ambient temperature． The SRRAC beams after temperature had good deformation performance after ultimate load，but the ultimate bearing capacity of beams after 600 ℃ reduced obviously，the bearing capacity of full recycled aggregate concrete beams decreased most seriously． Finally，the residual flexural bearing capacity calculation methods of SRRAC beams after high temperature were proposed．
In order to reveal the flexural failure mechanism of steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete ( SRRAC) beams after high temperature，twelve SRRAC specimens were designed for monotonic loading experiment at ambient temperature，200，400 and 600 ℃． The experiment involved high temperature and the replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate． Appearance changes，the failure processes，and forms of specimens at different temperatures were observed，the load-displacement curves， cross-sectional stress distribution， ultimate load and other important information were obtained． And the effecting law of each changing parameter on the SRRAC beams’mechanical behavior after high temperature was analyzed． Results showed that the failure mode of SRRAC beams after high temperature was similar to that at ambient temperature． The SRRAC beams after temperature had good deformation performance after ultimate load，but the ultimate bearing capacity of beams after 600 ℃ reduced obviously，the bearing capacity of full recycled aggregate concrete beams decreased most seriously． Finally，the residual flexural bearing capacity calculation methods of SRRAC beams after high temperature were proposed．
2014, 44(11): 51-57.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411009
Abstract:
To study the shear properties of steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beams subjected to elevated temperatures，17 specimens were designed for static load test under different elevated temperatures，and the replacement rates of recycled coarse aggregate，temperatures and concrete strength grades were considered． The physical and mechanical properties of steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beams after different temperatures were tested． The damage processes and patterns were observed． The load-midspan deflection curves and ultimate bearing capacities were obtained． The influence regularities of varying parameters on the initial stiffness，peak stresses，the ductility coefficients and energy dissipation of steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beams subjected to elevated temperatures were analyzed． The results showed that as the increase of temperatures，the masses of steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beams lost; initial stiffness and peak stresses decreased; the ductility coefficient and energy dissipation first decreased and then increased． As the increase of replacement ratios， mechanical properties changed a little． As the increase of concrete strength，the initial stiffness and peak stresses increased; the ductility coefficient was smaller; energy dissipation changed rarely．
To study the shear properties of steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beams subjected to elevated temperatures，17 specimens were designed for static load test under different elevated temperatures，and the replacement rates of recycled coarse aggregate，temperatures and concrete strength grades were considered． The physical and mechanical properties of steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beams after different temperatures were tested． The damage processes and patterns were observed． The load-midspan deflection curves and ultimate bearing capacities were obtained． The influence regularities of varying parameters on the initial stiffness，peak stresses，the ductility coefficients and energy dissipation of steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beams subjected to elevated temperatures were analyzed． The results showed that as the increase of temperatures，the masses of steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beams lost; initial stiffness and peak stresses decreased; the ductility coefficient and energy dissipation first decreased and then increased． As the increase of replacement ratios， mechanical properties changed a little． As the increase of concrete strength，the initial stiffness and peak stresses increased; the ductility coefficient was smaller; energy dissipation changed rarely．
2014, 44(11): 58-63.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411010
Abstract:
Based on the static load tests of 16 steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete ( SRRAC) beams after high temperature，the damage process and failure mode of specimens were observed，and the load-deflection curves were obtained． The effects of replacement ratio of recycled aggregate concrete and high temperature on SRRAC beams were investigated，and the method to calculate flexural rigidity was analyzed． The test results indicated that the SRRAC beams after high temperature had a good deformation performance． It was shown that temperature had an influence on deformation performance of SRRAC beams，i． e． increasing the temperature caused a decrease of initial flexural rigidity as well as peak load． However，replacement ratio had little influence on deformation performance． Based on superposition method and Technical Specification for Steel Reinforced Concrete Composite Structure ( JGJ 138—2001) ， the post-correction formula was proposed to calculate the flexural rigidity of SRRAC beams after high temperature．
Based on the static load tests of 16 steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete ( SRRAC) beams after high temperature，the damage process and failure mode of specimens were observed，and the load-deflection curves were obtained． The effects of replacement ratio of recycled aggregate concrete and high temperature on SRRAC beams were investigated，and the method to calculate flexural rigidity was analyzed． The test results indicated that the SRRAC beams after high temperature had a good deformation performance． It was shown that temperature had an influence on deformation performance of SRRAC beams，i． e． increasing the temperature caused a decrease of initial flexural rigidity as well as peak load． However，replacement ratio had little influence on deformation performance． Based on superposition method and Technical Specification for Steel Reinforced Concrete Composite Structure ( JGJ 138—2001) ， the post-correction formula was proposed to calculate the flexural rigidity of SRRAC beams after high temperature．
2014, 44(11): 64-66.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411011
Abstract:
From the requirements of the land and water resource utilization and subsidence governance，it was explored a new type of urban morphology and lifestyle—building the floating city in mining subsidence waters． It was attempted to open up new ideas in order to alleviate the intensified contradiction between people and land in our country，stick to 120 million hm2 of arable land red line，research the new type of urbanization construction，realize the ecological livable“beautiful China”
From the requirements of the land and water resource utilization and subsidence governance，it was explored a new type of urban morphology and lifestyle—building the floating city in mining subsidence waters． It was attempted to open up new ideas in order to alleviate the intensified contradiction between people and land in our country，stick to 120 million hm2 of arable land red line，research the new type of urbanization construction，realize the ecological livable“beautiful China”
2014, 44(11): 67-70.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411012
Abstract:
External fringe space is easier to be ignored in the plan of open space of a waterfront building，but it is also one of the most frequently used forms of space under the unconscious． Taking Wuzhen for example， and starting from the analysis of the concept of the edge space，it was analyzed all kinds of edge spaces formed between the building and inner street，building and building，as well as building and river，in order to develop the beneficial fringe space of the waterfront building reasonably，and enrich the shape of its space.
External fringe space is easier to be ignored in the plan of open space of a waterfront building，but it is also one of the most frequently used forms of space under the unconscious． Taking Wuzhen for example， and starting from the analysis of the concept of the edge space，it was analyzed all kinds of edge spaces formed between the building and inner street，building and building，as well as building and river，in order to develop the beneficial fringe space of the waterfront building reasonably，and enrich the shape of its space.
2014, 44(11): 71-74.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411013
Abstract:
Roof insulation performance has a great influence on the indoor thermal environment of top householder in summer，so test research on the actual heat insulation effect of several common roofs is practical valuable． In the summer of 2013，two residential buildings were selected in a housing estate in downtown of Changsha． Several test modules commonly used for residential roofing construction practices were made，under the same external conditions， building floors，walls etc， and continuous testings were done for roof inner surface temperature， indoor air temperature，outdoor air temperature and a comparison analysis was carried out． The results showed that planting roofing insulation effect was of the best insulation effect and the traditional roof without heat insulation was poorer， after adding thermal insulation layer，the heat insulation effect was improved，if the outer surface was white-washed， heat insulation performance would be improved significantly． The ventilated roof had a certain insulation effect，after adding thermal insulation layer the effect was better．
Roof insulation performance has a great influence on the indoor thermal environment of top householder in summer，so test research on the actual heat insulation effect of several common roofs is practical valuable． In the summer of 2013，two residential buildings were selected in a housing estate in downtown of Changsha． Several test modules commonly used for residential roofing construction practices were made，under the same external conditions， building floors，walls etc， and continuous testings were done for roof inner surface temperature， indoor air temperature，outdoor air temperature and a comparison analysis was carried out． The results showed that planting roofing insulation effect was of the best insulation effect and the traditional roof without heat insulation was poorer， after adding thermal insulation layer，the heat insulation effect was improved，if the outer surface was white-washed， heat insulation performance would be improved significantly． The ventilated roof had a certain insulation effect，after adding thermal insulation layer the effect was better．
2014, 44(11): 75-77.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411014
Abstract:
Taking the scheme design of the Haibowan water conservancy hub over the Yellow Ｒiver for example，it was expounded how to embody culture in industrial architecture design，and then，three significant characteristics of culture in the industrial building were summarized through the practice project．
Taking the scheme design of the Haibowan water conservancy hub over the Yellow Ｒiver for example，it was expounded how to embody culture in industrial architecture design，and then，three significant characteristics of culture in the industrial building were summarized through the practice project．
2014, 44(11): 78-80.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411015
Abstract:
Natural ventilation benefits the health of inhabitants，building energy-saving，and environment protection greatly． Architecture shape and orientation have a great effect on natural ventilation． Taking an hotel for example，a model was established to simulate the effects on natural ventilation due to different architectural shapes and orientations by PHOENICS software． The outcomes could be beneficial for the health of inhabitants，which also promoted the energy efficiency and environment protection．
Natural ventilation benefits the health of inhabitants，building energy-saving，and environment protection greatly． Architecture shape and orientation have a great effect on natural ventilation． Taking an hotel for example，a model was established to simulate the effects on natural ventilation due to different architectural shapes and orientations by PHOENICS software． The outcomes could be beneficial for the health of inhabitants，which also promoted the energy efficiency and environment protection．
2014, 44(11): 81-84.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411016
Abstract:
Color stainless steel not only presents the aesthetic characteristics of bright color and brightness，also has many excellent physical performances，which both adapts to the non-linear architectural design trends，and caters the development trend of building materials which can be recycled． Color aesthetic characteristics of stainless steel were analyzed in this paper，the principle of coloring，coloring process，and excellent properties，Finally，the perspectives of its application were also prospected．
Color stainless steel not only presents the aesthetic characteristics of bright color and brightness，also has many excellent physical performances，which both adapts to the non-linear architectural design trends，and caters the development trend of building materials which can be recycled． Color aesthetic characteristics of stainless steel were analyzed in this paper，the principle of coloring，coloring process，and excellent properties，Finally，the perspectives of its application were also prospected．
2014, 44(11): 85-90.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411017
Abstract:
It was presented a finite element ( FE) model updating strategy based on static virtual distortion method ( VDM) which belonged to the fast and exact structural reanalysis methods． The influence matrix of beam element and structural displacement sensitivity based on VDM were deduced． According to the static displacements and influence matrix of initial structure，the nodal displacements of interest could be recalculated and then FE model updating could be implemented without modifying structural stiffness matrix． Different from the traditional algorithm requiring stiffness matrix inversion，the corresponding static displacement sensitivity could be directly obtained using VDM， thus enhancing computational efficiency． Finally，FE model updating of a plane frame structure was conducted using numerical simulation results and measured displacements respectively．
It was presented a finite element ( FE) model updating strategy based on static virtual distortion method ( VDM) which belonged to the fast and exact structural reanalysis methods． The influence matrix of beam element and structural displacement sensitivity based on VDM were deduced． According to the static displacements and influence matrix of initial structure，the nodal displacements of interest could be recalculated and then FE model updating could be implemented without modifying structural stiffness matrix． Different from the traditional algorithm requiring stiffness matrix inversion，the corresponding static displacement sensitivity could be directly obtained using VDM， thus enhancing computational efficiency． Finally，FE model updating of a plane frame structure was conducted using numerical simulation results and measured displacements respectively．
2014, 44(11): 91-98.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411018
Abstract:
After discussing the seismic mitigation effect of soil stiffness，scarp height，and number of spans under the scarp on viscoelastic frame structure with special-shaped cloumns connected with ground by multiple-floor，the conclusions were as follows: 1) The natural vibration frequency of structure decreased with the soil stiffness decrease， increased with the scarp height increase，and decreased with the spans under the scarp increase． But when the scarp height increases to a certain extent，the higher order frequency would be reduced． 2) The soil stiffness effect on structure was related to the inputting of seismic motion． When the inputting wave contained less high frequency，the seismic responses might increase with the soil stiffness decrease． When the inputting wave cantained more high frequency，the seismic responses might be reduced on softer soil ground． 3) The effect of scarp height and number of spans under the scarp on uncontrolled structure was related to the inputting of seismic motion，while on controlled structure it had less relation to the inputting of seismic motion． And the responses of floors under the scarp had greater impact than floors above when the scarp height and number of spans under the scarp were changed． 4) The ground and inputting wave would both affect the control efficiency of viscoelastic structure on scarp． The ground condition and earthquake group of the site must be both taken account seriously when designing the damping device．
After discussing the seismic mitigation effect of soil stiffness，scarp height，and number of spans under the scarp on viscoelastic frame structure with special-shaped cloumns connected with ground by multiple-floor，the conclusions were as follows: 1) The natural vibration frequency of structure decreased with the soil stiffness decrease， increased with the scarp height increase，and decreased with the spans under the scarp increase． But when the scarp height increases to a certain extent，the higher order frequency would be reduced． 2) The soil stiffness effect on structure was related to the inputting of seismic motion． When the inputting wave contained less high frequency，the seismic responses might increase with the soil stiffness decrease． When the inputting wave cantained more high frequency，the seismic responses might be reduced on softer soil ground． 3) The effect of scarp height and number of spans under the scarp on uncontrolled structure was related to the inputting of seismic motion，while on controlled structure it had less relation to the inputting of seismic motion． And the responses of floors under the scarp had greater impact than floors above when the scarp height and number of spans under the scarp were changed． 4) The ground and inputting wave would both affect the control efficiency of viscoelastic structure on scarp． The ground condition and earthquake group of the site must be both taken account seriously when designing the damping device．
2014, 44(11): 99-103.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411019
Abstract:
On the basis of model test，the nonlinear static analysis of frame structure model，frame structure with bulit-in swaying wall model and frame structure with external swaying wall model was carried out through the software SAP 2000． The results showed that both frame structure with bulit-in swaying wall and frame structure with external rocking wall seismic performance had difference in the structural stiffness，seismic bearing capacity，damage characteristics，interlayer deformation and the deformation intensity． The kinds of the connection between swaying wall and frame structure had remarkable influence on the seismic performance of the structures．
On the basis of model test，the nonlinear static analysis of frame structure model，frame structure with bulit-in swaying wall model and frame structure with external swaying wall model was carried out through the software SAP 2000． The results showed that both frame structure with bulit-in swaying wall and frame structure with external rocking wall seismic performance had difference in the structural stiffness，seismic bearing capacity，damage characteristics，interlayer deformation and the deformation intensity． The kinds of the connection between swaying wall and frame structure had remarkable influence on the seismic performance of the structures．
2014, 44(11): 104-107.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411020
Abstract:
In order to study the assembling and connection reliability of pre-cast concrete structural components，a grouting connection was proposed with the steel bars inserted pre-buried bellows． Considering of the bar diameter， sleeve diameter，anchorage length，and so on，48 pull out tests of 16 groups were carried out under the continuous load． The results showed that there were two sorts of final failures in the specimens，namely the bond slip failure and reinforced tension yield or being broken，that there was no non-production bond slip failure． It also showed that the connection mode could be applied to assembly and connect pre-cast concrete structures with the reliable anchoring performance，simple construction operation and high efficiency of molding． In this paper，it was proposed that the anchor length of grouting connection should be 15 times of the steel bars diameter and the outer diameter of pre-buried bellows should be 2 times of the steel bars diameter．
In order to study the assembling and connection reliability of pre-cast concrete structural components，a grouting connection was proposed with the steel bars inserted pre-buried bellows． Considering of the bar diameter， sleeve diameter，anchorage length，and so on，48 pull out tests of 16 groups were carried out under the continuous load． The results showed that there were two sorts of final failures in the specimens，namely the bond slip failure and reinforced tension yield or being broken，that there was no non-production bond slip failure． It also showed that the connection mode could be applied to assembly and connect pre-cast concrete structures with the reliable anchoring performance，simple construction operation and high efficiency of molding． In this paper，it was proposed that the anchor length of grouting connection should be 15 times of the steel bars diameter and the outer diameter of pre-buried bellows should be 2 times of the steel bars diameter．
2014, 44(11): 108-111.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411021
Abstract:
On account of the complexity of fracture mechanism of hard rock surrounding the underground tunnel， uniaxial compressive experiment of the mixed gneiss specimen with a circular cavity at center was carried out，and the whole process of fracture initiation and propagation was observed carefully． The different uniaxial stresses of primary crack，slabbing crack and remote crack around the cavity of mixed gneiss were obtained． The stress averaging method was adopted for the analysis of primary crack initiation and slabbing crack initiation based on the mechanical properties of mixed gneiss． The results of stress averaging method were basically agreed with the experiment results and the disadvantages of theoretic analysis were discussed． At last，the scale effects of cavity dimension were also studied．
On account of the complexity of fracture mechanism of hard rock surrounding the underground tunnel， uniaxial compressive experiment of the mixed gneiss specimen with a circular cavity at center was carried out，and the whole process of fracture initiation and propagation was observed carefully． The different uniaxial stresses of primary crack，slabbing crack and remote crack around the cavity of mixed gneiss were obtained． The stress averaging method was adopted for the analysis of primary crack initiation and slabbing crack initiation based on the mechanical properties of mixed gneiss． The results of stress averaging method were basically agreed with the experiment results and the disadvantages of theoretic analysis were discussed． At last，the scale effects of cavity dimension were also studied．
2014, 44(11): 112-118.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411022
Abstract:
The mechanical parameters of coal rock were measured through unconfined compression experiment，then the mesomechanical parameters of coal rock were obtained by particle flow code and Fish program and experiments were carried out under unequal bilateral confining pressure． It was analyzed the mechanical and deformation property and acoustic emission characteristics in the failure process of coal rock． Some main research results were as follows: with the increasing of confining pressure ratio，coal rock stiffness angle increased，slightly，brittleness angle increased， strengthening angle kept constant，softening angle first increased and then decreased; Confining pressure ratio had no effect on volumetric strain in linear compression stage，obvious effect on the linear expansion stage and significant effect on the nonlinear expansion stage． In nonlinear expansion stage，coal rock volumetric strain still was linear on lower confining pressure ratio while coal rock rapidly expanded and instability on higher confining pressure ratio． The maximum intensity of acoustic emission lagged behind the peak stress，confining pressure ratio had no effect on the lag， the ratio of stress at acoustic emission maximum strength to peak stress was about 0. 92; On lower confining pressure ratio，shear failare occured along a single shear surface of coal rock，on higher confining pressure ratio X conjugate shear failure occured． Main failure surface width increased and developed into fracture zone with the increasing of confining pressure ratio，the coal rock in the zone was a crushing failure state．
The mechanical parameters of coal rock were measured through unconfined compression experiment，then the mesomechanical parameters of coal rock were obtained by particle flow code and Fish program and experiments were carried out under unequal bilateral confining pressure． It was analyzed the mechanical and deformation property and acoustic emission characteristics in the failure process of coal rock． Some main research results were as follows: with the increasing of confining pressure ratio，coal rock stiffness angle increased，slightly，brittleness angle increased， strengthening angle kept constant，softening angle first increased and then decreased; Confining pressure ratio had no effect on volumetric strain in linear compression stage，obvious effect on the linear expansion stage and significant effect on the nonlinear expansion stage． In nonlinear expansion stage，coal rock volumetric strain still was linear on lower confining pressure ratio while coal rock rapidly expanded and instability on higher confining pressure ratio． The maximum intensity of acoustic emission lagged behind the peak stress，confining pressure ratio had no effect on the lag， the ratio of stress at acoustic emission maximum strength to peak stress was about 0. 92; On lower confining pressure ratio，shear failare occured along a single shear surface of coal rock，on higher confining pressure ratio X conjugate shear failure occured． Main failure surface width increased and developed into fracture zone with the increasing of confining pressure ratio，the coal rock in the zone was a crushing failure state．
2014, 44(11): 119-122.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411023
Abstract:
Based on resource sharing and a resource-efficient society built，the design process of deep excavation support system was to be re-examined． The necessity and the ways of design system reconstruction of deep excavation support system were proposed，especially risk analysis and assessment module，economy assessment module，scheme optimization module，construction drawing module and the case module． Finally，some discussions were made．
Based on resource sharing and a resource-efficient society built，the design process of deep excavation support system was to be re-examined． The necessity and the ways of design system reconstruction of deep excavation support system were proposed，especially risk analysis and assessment module，economy assessment module，scheme optimization module，construction drawing module and the case module． Finally，some discussions were made．
2014, 44(11): 123-125.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411024
Abstract:
VDepth modification of the bearing capacity of a composite foundation involves project safety and investment． Due to lacking research and unified understanding in that issue，and based on the regulations of Technical Code for Ground Treatment of Buildings ( JGJ 79—2012) and related points of view in The Understanding and Use of the Technical Code ( JGJ 79—2012) ，the substance of depth modification of cohesive-pile composite foundation was analyzed and，two methods to predict the modified bearing capacity of pile and soil between piles were deduced． The suitability of the two methods was testified by an example，the principle and method to revise the bearing capacity were also presented．
VDepth modification of the bearing capacity of a composite foundation involves project safety and investment． Due to lacking research and unified understanding in that issue，and based on the regulations of Technical Code for Ground Treatment of Buildings ( JGJ 79—2012) and related points of view in The Understanding and Use of the Technical Code ( JGJ 79—2012) ，the substance of depth modification of cohesive-pile composite foundation was analyzed and，two methods to predict the modified bearing capacity of pile and soil between piles were deduced． The suitability of the two methods was testified by an example，the principle and method to revise the bearing capacity were also presented．
2014, 44(11): 126-130.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411025
Abstract:
The spalling behaviour and the temperature field distribution of RPC under high temperature were tested． The result showed that the spalling of RPC would occur when furnace temperate reached to 330 ℃ with the heating rate being 4. 8 ℃ /min． Before the explosion，the temperature differences were significant between the center and corner of specimens． The spalling critical temperature and time of RPC was analysed，and the calculation model of the spalling critical temperature and time as well as space was established． The results provided the scientific basis for the further quantificational calculation of the internal thermal stress in RPC，and the interpretation of spalling mechanism．
The spalling behaviour and the temperature field distribution of RPC under high temperature were tested． The result showed that the spalling of RPC would occur when furnace temperate reached to 330 ℃ with the heating rate being 4. 8 ℃ /min． Before the explosion，the temperature differences were significant between the center and corner of specimens． The spalling critical temperature and time of RPC was analysed，and the calculation model of the spalling critical temperature and time as well as space was established． The results provided the scientific basis for the further quantificational calculation of the internal thermal stress in RPC，and the interpretation of spalling mechanism．
2014, 44(11): 131-134.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411026
Abstract:
At present，there are no test methods for detecting compressive strength of non-standard concrete hollow block in Chinese Code． Through the study of American Product Standard and combing with the characteristics of product types in China，it was presented an experiment on cutting method for detecting compressive strength of nonstandard concrete hollow block，and finally it was also given the intensity conversion relationship between the detected strength of specimen for non-standard concrete hollow block and the strength of standard block，which had reference value for perfecting the Chinese block inspection standard．
At present，there are no test methods for detecting compressive strength of non-standard concrete hollow block in Chinese Code． Through the study of American Product Standard and combing with the characteristics of product types in China，it was presented an experiment on cutting method for detecting compressive strength of nonstandard concrete hollow block，and finally it was also given the intensity conversion relationship between the detected strength of specimen for non-standard concrete hollow block and the strength of standard block，which had reference value for perfecting the Chinese block inspection standard．
2014, 44(11): 135-140.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411027
Abstract:
Based on reliability design theory， taking the long-term concrete strength of transmission project foundation as research object，the drilling samples which were obtained in Zhejiang，Anhui，Ningxia，and Qinghai regions were subjected to compressive strength tests，the effects of regional and time factors on transmission concrete foundation strength were studied，then the probability distribution of foundation long-term strength was researched by combining with probability and statistics theory，and based on Bayesian statistical theory，conjugate distribution method was used to study the characteristic parameter of foundation long-term strength． The results showed that due to erosive environment，the mean value of long-term strength in different regions was presented with difference; long-term strength was declined with the increase of time，the longer service time，the larger standard deviation value，and the discreteness of strength value was more obvious． When the test samples in different regions，different service life but the same strength grade were collected，the probability characteristic of long-term strength is subjected to Gaussian distributions． The variation coefficients of C15 and C20 grade concrete foundation of transmission project were 0. 25 and 0. 26，respectively，improvement of the designed strength had a limited impact on its long-term strength enhancement under the influence of multiple factors．
Based on reliability design theory， taking the long-term concrete strength of transmission project foundation as research object，the drilling samples which were obtained in Zhejiang，Anhui，Ningxia，and Qinghai regions were subjected to compressive strength tests，the effects of regional and time factors on transmission concrete foundation strength were studied，then the probability distribution of foundation long-term strength was researched by combining with probability and statistics theory，and based on Bayesian statistical theory，conjugate distribution method was used to study the characteristic parameter of foundation long-term strength． The results showed that due to erosive environment，the mean value of long-term strength in different regions was presented with difference; long-term strength was declined with the increase of time，the longer service time，the larger standard deviation value，and the discreteness of strength value was more obvious． When the test samples in different regions，different service life but the same strength grade were collected，the probability characteristic of long-term strength is subjected to Gaussian distributions． The variation coefficients of C15 and C20 grade concrete foundation of transmission project were 0. 25 and 0. 26，respectively，improvement of the designed strength had a limited impact on its long-term strength enhancement under the influence of multiple factors．
2014, 44(11): 141-144.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411028
Abstract:
As the horizontal load is the dominant factor for a super tall building，setting outrigger can improve the overall performance of the structure，so as to improve the lateral stiffness of the structure，control the displacement on top of the structure，and reduce overturning moment that core tube bears． However，when the outrigger trusses are in construction stage，the rate of progress of construction between the frame and core tube is not synchronous and structure arrangement is unequal etc，which will lead to uneven deformation between the frame and core tube． If the outrigger trusses are blindly installed，a greater internal stress will be generated in outrigger truss，which may cause the bearing condition of the whole structure can not match the original structure design model after the structure is finished． It was proposed a“delay connection”construction technology of outrigger truss for super tall buildings，and the use of this method in the construction of the main tower of Shenyang Henglong Plaza showed that it could effectively solve the problem of more stress generated in outrigger truss that caused by the uneven deformation between the frame and core tube; and also ensured the smooth installation of outrigger truss and the structural performance in the using stage．
As the horizontal load is the dominant factor for a super tall building，setting outrigger can improve the overall performance of the structure，so as to improve the lateral stiffness of the structure，control the displacement on top of the structure，and reduce overturning moment that core tube bears． However，when the outrigger trusses are in construction stage，the rate of progress of construction between the frame and core tube is not synchronous and structure arrangement is unequal etc，which will lead to uneven deformation between the frame and core tube． If the outrigger trusses are blindly installed，a greater internal stress will be generated in outrigger truss，which may cause the bearing condition of the whole structure can not match the original structure design model after the structure is finished． It was proposed a“delay connection”construction technology of outrigger truss for super tall buildings，and the use of this method in the construction of the main tower of Shenyang Henglong Plaza showed that it could effectively solve the problem of more stress generated in outrigger truss that caused by the uneven deformation between the frame and core tube; and also ensured the smooth installation of outrigger truss and the structural performance in the using stage．
2014, 44(11): 145-149.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411029
Abstract:
Based on the experiment results of 18 Q690 axial compression welded steel tubes，the overall stability bearing capacity of the high strength steel tube with different slenderness ratios was studied． On the basis of the experimental study，the analysis program was compiled by the inverse calculation segment length method and thus the stability coefficient formula was put forward． The analytical comparisons of numerically calculated values， experimental values and the values by Code of Design for Steel Structure ( GB 50017—2003 ) indicated that the calculated curve of the stability coefficient- slenderness ratio was reasonable，which could be used in the overall stability design of the axial compressive high strength steel members．
Based on the experiment results of 18 Q690 axial compression welded steel tubes，the overall stability bearing capacity of the high strength steel tube with different slenderness ratios was studied． On the basis of the experimental study，the analysis program was compiled by the inverse calculation segment length method and thus the stability coefficient formula was put forward． The analytical comparisons of numerically calculated values， experimental values and the values by Code of Design for Steel Structure ( GB 50017—2003 ) indicated that the calculated curve of the stability coefficient- slenderness ratio was reasonable，which could be used in the overall stability design of the axial compressive high strength steel members．
2014, 44(11): 150-154.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411030
Abstract:
The current research work lacks systematic considerations of stiffness changes in loading process for inner concave cable-arch structure． An intensive study was performed based on the experimental exploration and finite element analysis． Firstly，a principle for calculations of global stiffness was proposed for inner concave cable-arch structure． Then， the testing data obtained from the experimental model were analyzed with that principle． Considering both geometrical and material nonlinear effects，multiple finite element analysis models were built by varying the rise-to-span ratio and cross section of both arch and cable and initial imperfections of a typical inner concave cable arch structure． The corresponding analysis was also completed，which verified that the initial stiffness was mainly dependent on rise-to-span ratio and cross section of arch rather than those of cable． Moreover，the results obtained by both experiment tests and finite element analyses indicated that the load-displacement curve corresponding to elastic stage was obviously nonlinear when the difference between arch rise-to-span ratio and cable rise-to-span ratio was less than 0. 055．
The current research work lacks systematic considerations of stiffness changes in loading process for inner concave cable-arch structure． An intensive study was performed based on the experimental exploration and finite element analysis． Firstly，a principle for calculations of global stiffness was proposed for inner concave cable-arch structure． Then， the testing data obtained from the experimental model were analyzed with that principle． Considering both geometrical and material nonlinear effects，multiple finite element analysis models were built by varying the rise-to-span ratio and cross section of both arch and cable and initial imperfections of a typical inner concave cable arch structure． The corresponding analysis was also completed，which verified that the initial stiffness was mainly dependent on rise-to-span ratio and cross section of arch rather than those of cable． Moreover，the results obtained by both experiment tests and finite element analyses indicated that the load-displacement curve corresponding to elastic stage was obviously nonlinear when the difference between arch rise-to-span ratio and cable rise-to-span ratio was less than 0. 055．
2014, 44(11): 155-159.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411031
Abstract:
The girth butt weld attaching to the cast steel joint and the hot-rolled tube are the important object of the fatigue study of the cast steel joint due to the material nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity across the weld． However，the research on this issue rarely saw in China and the nominal stress method was not applicable to it． In the paper，the hot spot stress method was used while the results of hot spot stress extrapolations were compared． To reduce the impact of the stress concentration，different weld details were designed． The hot spot stress curve was drawn under consideration of the tube’s thickness and the other two parameters．
The girth butt weld attaching to the cast steel joint and the hot-rolled tube are the important object of the fatigue study of the cast steel joint due to the material nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity across the weld． However，the research on this issue rarely saw in China and the nominal stress method was not applicable to it． In the paper，the hot spot stress method was used while the results of hot spot stress extrapolations were compared． To reduce the impact of the stress concentration，different weld details were designed． The hot spot stress curve was drawn under consideration of the tube’s thickness and the other two parameters．
2014, 44(11): 160-167.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411032
Abstract:
Three specimens were designed and the low-cycle loading experiments，as well as finite element and theory analyses were performed for the self-centering beam-column connections using the bolted web friction devices( WFDs) in earthquake resilient steel frames，The comprehensive results indicated that the opening at beam-column interface and self-centering mechanism were realized in the procedure of loading and unloading of self-centering beam-column connections with WFDs． The hysteresis loops of specimens were observed to have a double-flag shape obviously． And their energy dissipation ratios( βE ) all satisfied the basic requirement that βE was greater than 0. 25 and the maximum PT force was below the 0. 9 yield PT force． During the whole experiment procedure，main structural components of specimens always kept elastic． The residual rotations was small and the goal of self-centering after earthquake was achieved． Besides，the increment of the initial PT force leads to an increase in the initial stiffness，stiffness after opening，opening critical moment and the maximum PT force in different degrees，but a gradual decrease in maximum opening rotation the downtrend in energy dissipation． The finite element analysis agreed well with matched the experimental data． The results of the theoretical models also agreed with those of the experiment and finite element analysis．
Three specimens were designed and the low-cycle loading experiments，as well as finite element and theory analyses were performed for the self-centering beam-column connections using the bolted web friction devices( WFDs) in earthquake resilient steel frames，The comprehensive results indicated that the opening at beam-column interface and self-centering mechanism were realized in the procedure of loading and unloading of self-centering beam-column connections with WFDs． The hysteresis loops of specimens were observed to have a double-flag shape obviously． And their energy dissipation ratios( βE ) all satisfied the basic requirement that βE was greater than 0. 25 and the maximum PT force was below the 0. 9 yield PT force． During the whole experiment procedure，main structural components of specimens always kept elastic． The residual rotations was small and the goal of self-centering after earthquake was achieved． Besides，the increment of the initial PT force leads to an increase in the initial stiffness，stiffness after opening，opening critical moment and the maximum PT force in different degrees，but a gradual decrease in maximum opening rotation the downtrend in energy dissipation． The finite element analysis agreed well with matched the experimental data． The results of the theoretical models also agreed with those of the experiment and finite element analysis．
2014, 44(11): 168-171.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411033
Abstract:
For a long-span and arched steel canopy without column on platform in Taizhou railway station，the steel pipe column filled with concrete and steel pipe truss with inverse triangle section were used for its main structural system． As a sensitive system to wind load，engineering design parameters were determined through wind tunnel test and vibration analysis; the internal forces were analyzed by three-dimensional finite element model，including temperature action and the influence of horizontal propulsive force on the long-span arched steel canopy; and the entire stability was studied; through rational support system，the structural stiffness was ensured also．
For a long-span and arched steel canopy without column on platform in Taizhou railway station，the steel pipe column filled with concrete and steel pipe truss with inverse triangle section were used for its main structural system． As a sensitive system to wind load，engineering design parameters were determined through wind tunnel test and vibration analysis; the internal forces were analyzed by three-dimensional finite element model，including temperature action and the influence of horizontal propulsive force on the long-span arched steel canopy; and the entire stability was studied; through rational support system，the structural stiffness was ensured also．
2014, 44(11): 172-177.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411034
Abstract:
Experiments of reinforced concrete (RC) members subjected to combined loading indicated that their tension，bending and shear strength would interact with each other． Based on the theory of tension-bending interaction and moment-shear correlation，a formula checking the bearing capacity of rectangular ＲC member was derived from the balance of sectional force，taking consideration of the interaction of small eccentric tension-shear and large eccentric tension-shear，respectively． Comparing with experimental data，the results calculated by the formula considering tension-bending-shear interaction consisted with the experimental data well． From a security point of view，it was suggested to further modify the design method for the members under combination of tension，bending and shear in Code for Design of Concrete Structures ( GB 50010—2010) ．
Experiments of reinforced concrete (RC) members subjected to combined loading indicated that their tension，bending and shear strength would interact with each other． Based on the theory of tension-bending interaction and moment-shear correlation，a formula checking the bearing capacity of rectangular ＲC member was derived from the balance of sectional force，taking consideration of the interaction of small eccentric tension-shear and large eccentric tension-shear，respectively． Comparing with experimental data，the results calculated by the formula considering tension-bending-shear interaction consisted with the experimental data well． From a security point of view，it was suggested to further modify the design method for the members under combination of tension，bending and shear in Code for Design of Concrete Structures ( GB 50010—2010) ．
2014, 44(11): 178-181.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411035
Abstract:
As a China’s old industrial base，Tianjin has a large number of industrial heritages． For a large number of industrial architectures with historic and cultural values，how to deal with them is very important subjects． It was tried to make an in-depth analysis of abundoned historic legacies for Tianjin to find out the solutions to solve the problems． Combining with the experiences of the domestic industrial architectural reconstruction and reuse，it was also tried to explore and perfect the concept and system of protection for industrial architectural heritages．
As a China’s old industrial base，Tianjin has a large number of industrial heritages． For a large number of industrial architectures with historic and cultural values，how to deal with them is very important subjects． It was tried to make an in-depth analysis of abundoned historic legacies for Tianjin to find out the solutions to solve the problems． Combining with the experiences of the domestic industrial architectural reconstruction and reuse，it was also tried to explore and perfect the concept and system of protection for industrial architectural heritages．
2014, 44(11): 182-185.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411036
Abstract:
A five-storey brick-concrete office building was planned to be rebuilt into shopping mall，and the wall of the 1st and 2nd floor would be dismantled to form a large space． Based on the test appraisal and the structure forced characteristics，the holistic hidden steel frame structure system strengthening scheme and tri-connection structure strengthening method were used． With the holding-wall beam to the key member of the structure，the monitoring results showed that the result of strengthening achieved the request of the design，and the building was safe in use up to now．
A five-storey brick-concrete office building was planned to be rebuilt into shopping mall，and the wall of the 1st and 2nd floor would be dismantled to form a large space． Based on the test appraisal and the structure forced characteristics，the holistic hidden steel frame structure system strengthening scheme and tri-connection structure strengthening method were used． With the holding-wall beam to the key member of the structure，the monitoring results showed that the result of strengthening achieved the request of the design，and the building was safe in use up to now．
2014, 44(11): 186-188.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz2001411037
Abstract:
It was tried to combine local culture and corporate culture with modern industrial architecture． In addition， the spirit of place was also embodied properly through the analysis of the environment and base in view of the overall environment concept，and found a unique architectural form and appearance to avoid the cold and dull industrial buildings，so as to create a colorful image of industrial architecture in line with the spirit of the area and places.
It was tried to combine local culture and corporate culture with modern industrial architecture． In addition， the spirit of place was also embodied properly through the analysis of the environment and base in view of the overall environment concept，and found a unique architectural form and appearance to avoid the cold and dull industrial buildings，so as to create a colorful image of industrial architecture in line with the spirit of the area and places.
