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2014 Vol. 44, No. 10
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2014, 44(10): 1-5.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410001
Abstract:
An experimental study was conducted to investigate into the axial compressive behavior of thermal damaged high-strength concrete ( HSC) confined with carbon fiber reinforced polymer ( CFRP) ． Based on tests，the axial compression failure mechanism was discussed，and the effects of the thermal damage and the amount of CFＲP on the compressive performance were analyzed． The results show that CFRP confinement is highly effective for enhancing the compressive strength and deformation capacity of the thermal damaged HSC columns． Comparing with that of the no damaged cylinders，the compressive strength of the damaged cylinders confined with same amount CFＲP was decreased only by 3% － 6%． The thermal damage and the amount of CFＲP had obvious effects on the failure mode of the CFRP-confined HSC cylinders． The compressive strength and ductility of the CFRP-confined HSC cylinders were increased with the increase of the CFRP amount． It should be noted that CFRP confinement can give a better improvement for the axial compressive behavior of the thermal damaged HSC than that of normal HSC．
An experimental study was conducted to investigate into the axial compressive behavior of thermal damaged high-strength concrete ( HSC) confined with carbon fiber reinforced polymer ( CFRP) ． Based on tests，the axial compression failure mechanism was discussed，and the effects of the thermal damage and the amount of CFＲP on the compressive performance were analyzed． The results show that CFRP confinement is highly effective for enhancing the compressive strength and deformation capacity of the thermal damaged HSC columns． Comparing with that of the no damaged cylinders，the compressive strength of the damaged cylinders confined with same amount CFＲP was decreased only by 3% － 6%． The thermal damage and the amount of CFＲP had obvious effects on the failure mode of the CFRP-confined HSC cylinders． The compressive strength and ductility of the CFRP-confined HSC cylinders were increased with the increase of the CFRP amount． It should be noted that CFRP confinement can give a better improvement for the axial compressive behavior of the thermal damaged HSC than that of normal HSC．
2014, 44(10): 6-9.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410002
Abstract:
Though the performance of ordinary RC structures strengthened with CFRP sheet has been deeply studied， the research on the strengthened performance of prestressed concrete structures is seldom． Therefore，in order to study the influence of the bonding performance between CFRP sheets and the prestressed concrete structures on its structural behavior，the static tests of 3 high strength prestressed RC beam with different damage degree strengthened by CFRP sheets were carried out to study the influence of damage degree and prestressed degree on its bonding performance． Test result shows that CFRP sheets are all debonded before the specimen damaged，when the test specimen is damaged，CFRP sheets completely debonded，tensile failure or the concrete crushed in the compressive zone． The CFRP sheet-load curve and deflection-load curve of the test specimens show that the debonding load of the specimens is inversely proportional to its damage degree，but is proportional to the prestressed degree．
Though the performance of ordinary RC structures strengthened with CFRP sheet has been deeply studied， the research on the strengthened performance of prestressed concrete structures is seldom． Therefore，in order to study the influence of the bonding performance between CFRP sheets and the prestressed concrete structures on its structural behavior，the static tests of 3 high strength prestressed RC beam with different damage degree strengthened by CFRP sheets were carried out to study the influence of damage degree and prestressed degree on its bonding performance． Test result shows that CFRP sheets are all debonded before the specimen damaged，when the test specimen is damaged，CFRP sheets completely debonded，tensile failure or the concrete crushed in the compressive zone． The CFRP sheet-load curve and deflection-load curve of the test specimens show that the debonding load of the specimens is inversely proportional to its damage degree，but is proportional to the prestressed degree．
2014, 44(10): 10-15.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410003
Abstract:
Tensile behavior of hybrid CFＲP-steel double-lap joints using adhesive and bolts was studied through monotonic loading to failure． Their ultimate bearing capacity，strain distribution and failure modes were investigated with comparison to the joints with bolts and adhesive． Meanwhile，influences of fabrication processes were also studied． The results show that hybrid joints have a relatively stable bearing capacity． With regard to fabrication methods，it was found that for specimens which are bonded before being drilled and bolted，more bolts can lead higher bearing capacity to some extent． But too many bolts result in less loading bearing capacity． Specimens that were drilled before bonding and bolting can work together very well． Which requires strict fabrication process．
Tensile behavior of hybrid CFＲP-steel double-lap joints using adhesive and bolts was studied through monotonic loading to failure． Their ultimate bearing capacity，strain distribution and failure modes were investigated with comparison to the joints with bolts and adhesive． Meanwhile，influences of fabrication processes were also studied． The results show that hybrid joints have a relatively stable bearing capacity． With regard to fabrication methods，it was found that for specimens which are bonded before being drilled and bolted，more bolts can lead higher bearing capacity to some extent． But too many bolts result in less loading bearing capacity． Specimens that were drilled before bonding and bolting can work together very well． Which requires strict fabrication process．
EXPERIMENT STUDY ON CRACK OF CONCRETE BEAMS OF CFRP-PCPs COMPOSITE TENDONS UNDER LOW CYCLIC LOADINGS
2014, 44(10): 16-20.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410004
Abstract:
Based on the tests of different tension control stress，pre-compressive strength and different cross-sectional dimension of 5 CFＲP-PCPs composite reinforced concrete beams under low cyclic loading． It was compared the characteristics of fracture distribution and development． Considering the calculation method for crack width in the current national standard “Code for Design of Concrete Structuses” ( GB 50010—2010 ) and according to experiments，the formula for calculating maximum crack width of the reinforced concrete beams of CFRP-PCPs under low cyclic loadings was given． The comparison showed that the test results agreed well with the calculated values．
Based on the tests of different tension control stress，pre-compressive strength and different cross-sectional dimension of 5 CFＲP-PCPs composite reinforced concrete beams under low cyclic loading． It was compared the characteristics of fracture distribution and development． Considering the calculation method for crack width in the current national standard “Code for Design of Concrete Structuses” ( GB 50010—2010 ) and according to experiments，the formula for calculating maximum crack width of the reinforced concrete beams of CFRP-PCPs under low cyclic loadings was given． The comparison showed that the test results agreed well with the calculated values．
2014, 44(10): 21-24.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410005
Abstract:
The flexural static tests were carried out for 11 rectangular Xinjiang poplar beams，and it was studied bending performance in the tension zone bonded carbon fiber cloth reinforced timber beam，at the same time，their basic mechanical properties，such as water content，tensile strength，compressive strength parallel to grain and local transverse compressive strength were measured． It was verified the plane section assumption and got the relations among failure characteristics of load，ultimate load and load-strain． Test results show that bonding carbon fiber cloth in the beam tension is an effective method to improve the flexural performance of Xinjiang poplar beams．
The flexural static tests were carried out for 11 rectangular Xinjiang poplar beams，and it was studied bending performance in the tension zone bonded carbon fiber cloth reinforced timber beam，at the same time，their basic mechanical properties，such as water content，tensile strength，compressive strength parallel to grain and local transverse compressive strength were measured． It was verified the plane section assumption and got the relations among failure characteristics of load，ultimate load and load-strain． Test results show that bonding carbon fiber cloth in the beam tension is an effective method to improve the flexural performance of Xinjiang poplar beams．
2014, 44(10): 25-29.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410006
Abstract:
Six timber short columns were reinforced by wrapping different layers of single or hybrid CFRP and AFRP sheets of which a column without any knags and one with knags were picked as contrast specimens． The axial compressive behavior of the columns was analyzed，including the ultimate carrying capacity，the load-deformation and load-strain curves． It was also observed the shape features of the faiure section． The test results show that the axial compressive ultimate bearing capacity and stiffness of the short columns are decreased by about 23% and 60% due to the existence of knags，which are improved obviously afte reinforcing the columns by FＲP sheets． The comparison of the load-strain curve shows that the transverse strain near the knag is much higher than that far from the knag．Radial cracks were found on the failure section and fibers near the cracks are compressed to yield．
Six timber short columns were reinforced by wrapping different layers of single or hybrid CFRP and AFRP sheets of which a column without any knags and one with knags were picked as contrast specimens． The axial compressive behavior of the columns was analyzed，including the ultimate carrying capacity，the load-deformation and load-strain curves． It was also observed the shape features of the faiure section． The test results show that the axial compressive ultimate bearing capacity and stiffness of the short columns are decreased by about 23% and 60% due to the existence of knags，which are improved obviously afte reinforcing the columns by FＲP sheets． The comparison of the load-strain curve shows that the transverse strain near the knag is much higher than that far from the knag．Radial cracks were found on the failure section and fibers near the cracks are compressed to yield．
2014, 44(10): 30-35.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410007
Abstract:
A simple and innovative composite panel with GFRP face sheets and a paulownia wood core，manufactured by vacuum assisted resin infusion process，was developed． These panels could be employed in the civil engineering due to their advantages of low cost，high strength to weight ratios and convenient usage． An experimental study was carried out to validate the effectiveness of this panel． Three full-scale specimens with different height /thickness ratio were tested under in-plane axial compression loading． Experiments show that the ultimate loading capacity is increased with the composite wall thickness ratio decreases and failure mode is instability failure．
A simple and innovative composite panel with GFRP face sheets and a paulownia wood core，manufactured by vacuum assisted resin infusion process，was developed． These panels could be employed in the civil engineering due to their advantages of low cost，high strength to weight ratios and convenient usage． An experimental study was carried out to validate the effectiveness of this panel． Three full-scale specimens with different height /thickness ratio were tested under in-plane axial compression loading． Experiments show that the ultimate loading capacity is increased with the composite wall thickness ratio decreases and failure mode is instability failure．
2014, 44(10): 36-39.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410008
Abstract:
Three connection modes of sandwich composite T-joints were investigated by the experimental method． During the experiments， the failure process ， the failure modes， the maximum displacement and the ultimate load of the adhesive，adhesive ＆ stitched and adhesive ＆ bolted T-joints under vertical load were tested． In addition，effects of stitch diameter and stitch density on ultimate shear-resistant capacity were studied． The experimental results show that the root of sandwich structure represents a potential zone of weakness and it should be well considered on structure design． Adhesive ＆ bolted T-joints can obviously improve the ultimate shear-resistant capacity of sandwich structure， but it also increases the weight． Adhesive ＆ stitched T-joints can also improve the ultimate shear-resistant capacity of sandwich structure with a light weight，which has good application prospects; The influence of stitch diameter and stitch density on the shear-resistant capacity is very great，which can be further researched．
Three connection modes of sandwich composite T-joints were investigated by the experimental method． During the experiments， the failure process ， the failure modes， the maximum displacement and the ultimate load of the adhesive，adhesive ＆ stitched and adhesive ＆ bolted T-joints under vertical load were tested． In addition，effects of stitch diameter and stitch density on ultimate shear-resistant capacity were studied． The experimental results show that the root of sandwich structure represents a potential zone of weakness and it should be well considered on structure design． Adhesive ＆ bolted T-joints can obviously improve the ultimate shear-resistant capacity of sandwich structure， but it also increases the weight． Adhesive ＆ stitched T-joints can also improve the ultimate shear-resistant capacity of sandwich structure with a light weight，which has good application prospects; The influence of stitch diameter and stitch density on the shear-resistant capacity is very great，which can be further researched．
2014, 44(10): 40-45.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410009
Abstract:
Based on model of Pasternak elastic foundation，shear buckling strength of web of lattice-enhanced foamsandwich structure was analysed and probed under pure shear stress，due to the existence of foam core． The applicable condition of the analytic model was discussed，whose rationality was confirmed in comparison with the data of FEM model． The results show that the analytic model can match with the FEM model very well if the core thickness could be guaranteed to some degree． The existence of the core can enhance the web stability effectively． The shear stiffness provided by foam core to the web stability is still of great significance，even if the Young's modulus of the core material is low． But with the increase of ratio of height to thickness of web，and the augmentation of the young's modulus of the core material，the normal stiffness from the foam core play a more controlled role on the web shear stability． The ratio of length to height could be omitted for the perspective of engineering application．
Based on model of Pasternak elastic foundation，shear buckling strength of web of lattice-enhanced foamsandwich structure was analysed and probed under pure shear stress，due to the existence of foam core． The applicable condition of the analytic model was discussed，whose rationality was confirmed in comparison with the data of FEM model． The results show that the analytic model can match with the FEM model very well if the core thickness could be guaranteed to some degree． The existence of the core can enhance the web stability effectively． The shear stiffness provided by foam core to the web stability is still of great significance，even if the Young's modulus of the core material is low． But with the increase of ratio of height to thickness of web，and the augmentation of the young's modulus of the core material，the normal stiffness from the foam core play a more controlled role on the web shear stability． The ratio of length to height could be omitted for the perspective of engineering application．
2014, 44(10): 46-50.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410010
Abstract:
The durability tests were done for GFRP commonly used in engineering in hot and humid environ-ment． based on the test results of tensile strength，elongation and modulus of elasticity that 25 specimens were tested in 6 000 h，the variation and trends of behaviors were analyzed ，parabolic-linear attenuation model was built and model parameters were derived． Which could be used to predict the life of GFRP after hot and humid environment，which provided basic data for building durability design method．
The durability tests were done for GFRP commonly used in engineering in hot and humid environ-ment． based on the test results of tensile strength，elongation and modulus of elasticity that 25 specimens were tested in 6 000 h，the variation and trends of behaviors were analyzed ，parabolic-linear attenuation model was built and model parameters were derived． Which could be used to predict the life of GFRP after hot and humid environment，which provided basic data for building durability design method．
2014, 44(10): 51-55.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410011
Abstract:
Ｒecent years，there are about 70% cities in China face the resource-exhausted problems by the influence of industrial restructuring，mining costs rising and storage volume atrophy． The project of Zizhuang industrial park is based on the scientific orientation directing at the particularity of resource-exhausted towns，and three concepts are raised，that is，“industrial community model”，“phased gradually construction system” and “sustainable development of industrial wasteland”． This project aims to meet the requirements of the construction of modern industrial park; meanwhile，it also pays attention to the transformation of the town's development mode，the variation of future development and the improvement of natural environment． Which would provide useful and meaningful references for the construction of industrial parks of resource-exhausted towns．
Ｒecent years，there are about 70% cities in China face the resource-exhausted problems by the influence of industrial restructuring，mining costs rising and storage volume atrophy． The project of Zizhuang industrial park is based on the scientific orientation directing at the particularity of resource-exhausted towns，and three concepts are raised，that is，“industrial community model”，“phased gradually construction system” and “sustainable development of industrial wasteland”． This project aims to meet the requirements of the construction of modern industrial park; meanwhile，it also pays attention to the transformation of the town's development mode，the variation of future development and the improvement of natural environment． Which would provide useful and meaningful references for the construction of industrial parks of resource-exhausted towns．
2014, 44(10): 56-60.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410012
Abstract:
Ｒesources of industrial heritage of the section steel plant site are not renewable，how to use and protect the industrial heritage resources are worthy of discussion． Taking the reform of the buildings for the section steel plant for example，on condition of protection of the original structure system，it was reformed into a form of industrial museum． It was discussed the manipulation and scheme，which would meet the new functions of the structure and internal space． Which would also inject new vitality into the old buildings，thus getting a continuation of the true life．
Ｒesources of industrial heritage of the section steel plant site are not renewable，how to use and protect the industrial heritage resources are worthy of discussion． Taking the reform of the buildings for the section steel plant for example，on condition of protection of the original structure system，it was reformed into a form of industrial museum． It was discussed the manipulation and scheme，which would meet the new functions of the structure and internal space． Which would also inject new vitality into the old buildings，thus getting a continuation of the true life．
2014, 44(10): 61-63.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410013
Abstract:
With the adjustment of the industrial structure of the city，much attention is being paid gradually to the renovation and reuse of old industrial buildings． However，during the renovation of old industrial buildings and in the process of their reuse，there are some significant or potential risk factors in structure，management，environment， policies and regulations，ideology，etc． Based on field research on 24 old industrial buildings，23 risk factors were idertitied which affect the renovation and reuse of old industrial buildings． Ｒelated statistical data were obtained by questionnaires and the key influential factors were drawn out with principal component analysis method． Therefore， six main factors were pointed out that influence the renovation and reuse of old industrial buildings． Accordingly， some related countermeasures were presented，which may be references for the promotion of the renovation and reuse of old industrial buildings．
With the adjustment of the industrial structure of the city，much attention is being paid gradually to the renovation and reuse of old industrial buildings． However，during the renovation of old industrial buildings and in the process of their reuse，there are some significant or potential risk factors in structure，management，environment， policies and regulations，ideology，etc． Based on field research on 24 old industrial buildings，23 risk factors were idertitied which affect the renovation and reuse of old industrial buildings． Ｒelated statistical data were obtained by questionnaires and the key influential factors were drawn out with principal component analysis method． Therefore， six main factors were pointed out that influence the renovation and reuse of old industrial buildings． Accordingly， some related countermeasures were presented，which may be references for the promotion of the renovation and reuse of old industrial buildings．
2014, 44(10): 64-70.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410014
Abstract:
It is necessary in some cases to infer the characteristic and design values of floor live loads in condition of Small samples，where the inference results are usually influenced remarkably by the statistical uncertainty． Since the present methods generally lead to unsafe results，the small sample inference method is expected． By using the best linear unbiased and invariant estimation of the parameters and fractile of largest extreme value distribution typeⅠ，it we firstly proposed a small sample method for inferring the characteristic and design values of floor live loads，called linear regression estimation． According to the Bayes theory，it was proposed the Bayesian method for inferring characteristic and design value of floor live loads． Then，we contrasted the above two kinds of small sample inference method and solved some specific problems in the application． Which provides a practical method for inferring characteristic and design value of floor live loads in condition of Small samples．
It is necessary in some cases to infer the characteristic and design values of floor live loads in condition of Small samples，where the inference results are usually influenced remarkably by the statistical uncertainty． Since the present methods generally lead to unsafe results，the small sample inference method is expected． By using the best linear unbiased and invariant estimation of the parameters and fractile of largest extreme value distribution typeⅠ，it we firstly proposed a small sample method for inferring the characteristic and design values of floor live loads，called linear regression estimation． According to the Bayes theory，it was proposed the Bayesian method for inferring characteristic and design value of floor live loads． Then，we contrasted the above two kinds of small sample inference method and solved some specific problems in the application． Which provides a practical method for inferring characteristic and design value of floor live loads in condition of Small samples．
2014, 44(10): 71-76.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410015
Abstract:
In order to investigate the size effect of normal section bearing capacity of reinforced concrete columns， three different section size，including 300，500 and 700mm，six reinforced concrete columns were tested． The change rule of normal section size bearing capacity，reinforcement strain，concrete strain，neutral axis height and strength coefficient with the section size was analyzed． The results indicate the deformation capacity of concrete under compression zone is decreased as section size increased． For large size specimen，the code value of concrete ultimate compressive strain is larger． Normal section bearing capacity is decreased as section size increased，the more large level deformation increase，the more obvious the size effect of normal section bearing capacity becoming． Then on the basis of experiment，a practical model of normal bearing capacity of reinforced concrete column considering size effect on concrete was proposed，the safety coefficient of large size specimen is consistent with results of small size specimen．
In order to investigate the size effect of normal section bearing capacity of reinforced concrete columns， three different section size，including 300，500 and 700mm，six reinforced concrete columns were tested． The change rule of normal section size bearing capacity，reinforcement strain，concrete strain，neutral axis height and strength coefficient with the section size was analyzed． The results indicate the deformation capacity of concrete under compression zone is decreased as section size increased． For large size specimen，the code value of concrete ultimate compressive strain is larger． Normal section bearing capacity is decreased as section size increased，the more large level deformation increase，the more obvious the size effect of normal section bearing capacity becoming． Then on the basis of experiment，a practical model of normal bearing capacity of reinforced concrete column considering size effect on concrete was proposed，the safety coefficient of large size specimen is consistent with results of small size specimen．
2014, 44(10): 77-81.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410016
Abstract:
Five cast-in-place columns and the seven local steel tubular assembly columns were tested by using the quasi-static trial． The integral seismic performance of the two different construction model columns under the same working conditions was analyzed，the results show that the seismic behavior of the prefabricated column joints is equivalent to that of the steel pipe concrete and their bearing capacity is higher than the cast-in-place column in the same position． The seismic performance of the assembly column with locally encased steel pipe and integrity is better than the cast-in-place column，so it may replace the cast-in-place column in the highly seismic region． According to the damaging form and the force characteristics of the assembly column connection node， the formula of the normal section bearing capacity for the prefabricated column joints was given，which could be used in designing and checking the column joints of the actual assembly overall frame structure．
Five cast-in-place columns and the seven local steel tubular assembly columns were tested by using the quasi-static trial． The integral seismic performance of the two different construction model columns under the same working conditions was analyzed，the results show that the seismic behavior of the prefabricated column joints is equivalent to that of the steel pipe concrete and their bearing capacity is higher than the cast-in-place column in the same position． The seismic performance of the assembly column with locally encased steel pipe and integrity is better than the cast-in-place column，so it may replace the cast-in-place column in the highly seismic region． According to the damaging form and the force characteristics of the assembly column connection node， the formula of the normal section bearing capacity for the prefabricated column joints was given，which could be used in designing and checking the column joints of the actual assembly overall frame structure．
2014, 44(10): 82-85.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410017
Abstract:
The temperature effect of large-scale concrete wind tunnel system is so obvious that the design of the bearing and shear wall is very difficult． It was analysed the unequal“C”-shaped complex wind tunnel structure and the layout of the bearings under the load of the temperature with finite element method． According to the bearings’ three different forms of connections，it was compared three different support programs． Through comparison of the fixed-side shear walls and the bearings’shear，as well as comparison of key part of the structure’s displacement to determine the optimal program． Analysis of the wind tunnel shell plate elements’thermal stress distribution of the temperature load was carried out，when the structural arrangement was done in the use of the best programs．
The temperature effect of large-scale concrete wind tunnel system is so obvious that the design of the bearing and shear wall is very difficult． It was analysed the unequal“C”-shaped complex wind tunnel structure and the layout of the bearings under the load of the temperature with finite element method． According to the bearings’ three different forms of connections，it was compared three different support programs． Through comparison of the fixed-side shear walls and the bearings’shear，as well as comparison of key part of the structure’s displacement to determine the optimal program． Analysis of the wind tunnel shell plate elements’thermal stress distribution of the temperature load was carried out，when the structural arrangement was done in the use of the best programs．
2014, 44(10): 86-90.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410018
Abstract:
In order to study dynamic elastic modulus，damping ratio and its affecting facfors of subgrade filler of group B coarse grained soil for high speed railway， the consolidated undrained triaxial tests were carried out by large-scale trialxial test system． The results indicated that among many factors affecting dynamic modules and damping ratio， dynamic strain was the most important one． Dynamic modules decreased by exponent sign function and damping ratio increased by S-curve with the increasd of dynamic strain． Both dynamic modulus and damping ratio increased with the increase of confining pressure and loading frequency． Dynamic elastic modulus decreased with the increase of number of vibration，and the attenuation of dynamic elastic modulus increased when the dynamic stress level was high． According to the testing results，a model of both dynamic elastic modulus and damping ratio was established as a function of dynamic strain in consideration of confining pressure and frequency，which might provided reference for the dynamic parameters of coarse grained soil filler of subgrade of high speed railway
In order to study dynamic elastic modulus，damping ratio and its affecting facfors of subgrade filler of group B coarse grained soil for high speed railway， the consolidated undrained triaxial tests were carried out by large-scale trialxial test system． The results indicated that among many factors affecting dynamic modules and damping ratio， dynamic strain was the most important one． Dynamic modules decreased by exponent sign function and damping ratio increased by S-curve with the increasd of dynamic strain． Both dynamic modulus and damping ratio increased with the increase of confining pressure and loading frequency． Dynamic elastic modulus decreased with the increase of number of vibration，and the attenuation of dynamic elastic modulus increased when the dynamic stress level was high． According to the testing results，a model of both dynamic elastic modulus and damping ratio was established as a function of dynamic strain in consideration of confining pressure and frequency，which might provided reference for the dynamic parameters of coarse grained soil filler of subgrade of high speed railway
2014, 44(10): 91-95.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410019
Abstract:
In order to study the soil-water characteristics of fiber modified expansive soil，soil water characteristic curve( SWCC) was tested． An expansive soil sampling from an engineering site in Hefei was taken as a research object，and three dry densities and four fiber contents were considered in the experiment． Then，the experimental results were fitted by using the van Genutchen model． The result showed that the effect of dry density on the SWCC of fiber modified expansive soil were obvious． With the increase of dry density，the degree of saturation increase for the same matrix suction． However，the effect of fiber’s content on the SWCC for fiber modified expansive soil was irregular． The curve fitting parameters and their statistics of SWCC for fiber modified expansive soil were obtained by curve fitting． And it was pointed out that the variability of parameter n and ws were smaller． The variability of parameter m was moderate，while the variability of parameter a and wr was more larger．
In order to study the soil-water characteristics of fiber modified expansive soil，soil water characteristic curve( SWCC) was tested． An expansive soil sampling from an engineering site in Hefei was taken as a research object，and three dry densities and four fiber contents were considered in the experiment． Then，the experimental results were fitted by using the van Genutchen model． The result showed that the effect of dry density on the SWCC of fiber modified expansive soil were obvious． With the increase of dry density，the degree of saturation increase for the same matrix suction． However，the effect of fiber’s content on the SWCC for fiber modified expansive soil was irregular． The curve fitting parameters and their statistics of SWCC for fiber modified expansive soil were obtained by curve fitting． And it was pointed out that the variability of parameter n and ws were smaller． The variability of parameter m was moderate，while the variability of parameter a and wr was more larger．
2014, 44(10): 96-102.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410020
Abstract:
First，the soil vibration model was established on the basis of considering the influence of tangential vibration on lateral vibration． Then，horizontal impedance of the soil amended was compared with the classical solution to proved that the solution proposed by the paper was corrected． Finally，horizontal impedance，rocking impedance and coupled horizontal and rocking impedance of large-diameter end-bearing pile were obtained by using the matrix transfer method． After detailed discussion of the parameters，it could be concluded that slenderness ratio and pile-soil relative stiffness were the key factors for dynamic impedance of large-diameter end-bearing pile，which showed that presented model could give more reasonable guidance on horizontal and rocking vibration of largediameter end-bearing pile．
First，the soil vibration model was established on the basis of considering the influence of tangential vibration on lateral vibration． Then，horizontal impedance of the soil amended was compared with the classical solution to proved that the solution proposed by the paper was corrected． Finally，horizontal impedance，rocking impedance and coupled horizontal and rocking impedance of large-diameter end-bearing pile were obtained by using the matrix transfer method． After detailed discussion of the parameters，it could be concluded that slenderness ratio and pile-soil relative stiffness were the key factors for dynamic impedance of large-diameter end-bearing pile，which showed that presented model could give more reasonable guidance on horizontal and rocking vibration of largediameter end-bearing pile．
2014, 44(10): 103-106.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410021
Abstract:
Calculating the lateral earth pressure acting on a retaining wall was an essential step in the design of many geotechnical engineering structures． A simplified model of distribution for the lateral earth pressure on a retaining wall with drum-type mode was proposed through analysis． The proposed model was verified through comparisons with Terzaghi-Peck and Tschebotarioff model by two engineering examples． The comparsive result showed that the recommended model for lateral earth pressure more closer to the measured．
Calculating the lateral earth pressure acting on a retaining wall was an essential step in the design of many geotechnical engineering structures． A simplified model of distribution for the lateral earth pressure on a retaining wall with drum-type mode was proposed through analysis． The proposed model was verified through comparisons with Terzaghi-Peck and Tschebotarioff model by two engineering examples． The comparsive result showed that the recommended model for lateral earth pressure more closer to the measured．
2014, 44(10): 107-112.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410022
Abstract:
Sixteen groups of ductile fiber reinforced concrete specimens were designed by orthogonal test method． According the 28 － day，56 － day and 90 － day cube compressive test and 56 － day bending test，the effects of factors such as fiber volume fraction，water cement ratio，sand binder ratio and content of fly ash on mechanical properties were studied． The test results indicate: 1) the compressive toughness and ductility of the concrete is improved significantly by fiber bridging effect; 2) the impact of the content of fly ash and water cement ratio on the compressive strength is very significant，while the effects of the fiber volume fraction and the sand binder ratio are little; and 3) the impact of fiber fraction on the flexural strength is very significant，while amount of fly ash，water cement ratio and sand binder ratio are less，which have some effects on the ductility of the specimen． The optimal mixing ratio of ductile fiber reinforced concrete with certain strength and higher ductility are determined based on orthogonal experiment results and analysis of the mix design parameters．
Sixteen groups of ductile fiber reinforced concrete specimens were designed by orthogonal test method． According the 28 － day，56 － day and 90 － day cube compressive test and 56 － day bending test，the effects of factors such as fiber volume fraction，water cement ratio，sand binder ratio and content of fly ash on mechanical properties were studied． The test results indicate: 1) the compressive toughness and ductility of the concrete is improved significantly by fiber bridging effect; 2) the impact of the content of fly ash and water cement ratio on the compressive strength is very significant，while the effects of the fiber volume fraction and the sand binder ratio are little; and 3) the impact of fiber fraction on the flexural strength is very significant，while amount of fly ash，water cement ratio and sand binder ratio are less，which have some effects on the ductility of the specimen． The optimal mixing ratio of ductile fiber reinforced concrete with certain strength and higher ductility are determined based on orthogonal experiment results and analysis of the mix design parameters．
2014, 44(10): 113-116.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410023
Abstract:
Diatomite，ultrafine rice husk ash，and silicon ash are natural micro hole materials． Mixing them into porous slurry and dual porous lightweight aggregate concrete individually，the impact on the performance of dual porous concrete was studied． The results of research showed that the concrete was mixed with 10% of diatomite， ultrafine rice husk ash and silica fume micro porous materials，such as the quality was 10%，the concrete strength is increased by 26%， 11%， 2. 4% respectively． The insulation properties of concrete was improved at same time． When the air content in 10% to 15%，the strength of double porous concrete could be more than 20 MPa，the thermal conductivity was less than 0. 36 W/( m·K) ． For 240 mm thick concrete wall，the average heat transfer coefficient was less than 1. 5 W/( m·K) ，which can the requireinents of “Residential Building Energy Efficiency Design Standard of Hot Summer and Cold Winter Areas”( JGJ 134—2010) ．
Diatomite，ultrafine rice husk ash，and silicon ash are natural micro hole materials． Mixing them into porous slurry and dual porous lightweight aggregate concrete individually，the impact on the performance of dual porous concrete was studied． The results of research showed that the concrete was mixed with 10% of diatomite， ultrafine rice husk ash and silica fume micro porous materials，such as the quality was 10%，the concrete strength is increased by 26%， 11%， 2. 4% respectively． The insulation properties of concrete was improved at same time． When the air content in 10% to 15%，the strength of double porous concrete could be more than 20 MPa，the thermal conductivity was less than 0. 36 W/( m·K) ． For 240 mm thick concrete wall，the average heat transfer coefficient was less than 1. 5 W/( m·K) ，which can the requireinents of “Residential Building Energy Efficiency Design Standard of Hot Summer and Cold Winter Areas”( JGJ 134—2010) ．
2014, 44(10): 117-120.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410024
Abstract:
It was explored the mix proportion design method for porous concrete based on void ratio control． The process and key points of mix proportion design were described by comparison with the mix proportion experiments． This method was verified to be convenient and practical． Besides，it’s effective to control the comprehensive performances of porous concrete． According to the analysis and comparison of influence of void ratio and water-binder ratio on compressive strength，void ratio was defined to have a more significant influence on compressive strength，while the effect of waterbinder was less． Moreover，this paper also analyzed the reason of void ratio deviation generated in the process of vibration molding method． Proposal was made to measures for decreaseing the void ratio deviation．
It was explored the mix proportion design method for porous concrete based on void ratio control． The process and key points of mix proportion design were described by comparison with the mix proportion experiments． This method was verified to be convenient and practical． Besides，it’s effective to control the comprehensive performances of porous concrete． According to the analysis and comparison of influence of void ratio and water-binder ratio on compressive strength，void ratio was defined to have a more significant influence on compressive strength，while the effect of waterbinder was less． Moreover，this paper also analyzed the reason of void ratio deviation generated in the process of vibration molding method． Proposal was made to measures for decreaseing the void ratio deviation．
2014, 44(10): 121-127.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410025
Abstract:
There are two ways to improve the property of damaged steel structures: retrofitting and replacement． The cost of retrofitting is often far less than that of replacement of the whole structure． In addition，retrofitting takes less time，reducing service interruption． So retrofitting is always the first choice to repair steel structures． The traditional retrofit methods are based on the use of steel plates which are attached to the damaged area by adhesive bonding， welding，bolting，which have disadvantages，such as the increment of weight and production of stress concentration etc． Carbon fiber reinforced composite ( CFＲP) has excellent chemical properties and stability，when using it for strengthening damaged steel structures，it can improve their working behaviours，prolong fatigue life． It was summarized the research achievements both at home and abroad，such as: the increase of moment carrying capacity， the distribution of interfacial stress，the extending of the fatigue life of structural steel elements，which can be useful for the engineering application or further researches．
There are two ways to improve the property of damaged steel structures: retrofitting and replacement． The cost of retrofitting is often far less than that of replacement of the whole structure． In addition，retrofitting takes less time，reducing service interruption． So retrofitting is always the first choice to repair steel structures． The traditional retrofit methods are based on the use of steel plates which are attached to the damaged area by adhesive bonding， welding，bolting，which have disadvantages，such as the increment of weight and production of stress concentration etc． Carbon fiber reinforced composite ( CFＲP) has excellent chemical properties and stability，when using it for strengthening damaged steel structures，it can improve their working behaviours，prolong fatigue life． It was summarized the research achievements both at home and abroad，such as: the increase of moment carrying capacity， the distribution of interfacial stress，the extending of the fatigue life of structural steel elements，which can be useful for the engineering application or further researches．
2014, 44(10): 128-131.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410026
Abstract:
Code for Acceptance of Constructional Quality of Masonry Structures( GB 50203—2011) makes stipulation for onsite nondestructive test of later embedding binding steel bar in the concrete structure filler wall． Beisdes，it provides a basis for construction and onsite test of later embedding binding steel bar． Nevertheless，some problems are found during the enforcement of the Acceptance Code． For instance，it does not stipulate the scope of application of later embedding binding steel bar and the critical depth of the anchoring steel bar; it lacks procedure-controlling requirements of later embedding binding steel bar construction． There are controversies on the critical depth of anchoring steel bar． On the basis of analyzing the above problems，it was put forward some suggestions on perfecting “Code for Acceptance of Constructional Quality of Masonry Structures”( GB 50203—2011) ．
Code for Acceptance of Constructional Quality of Masonry Structures( GB 50203—2011) makes stipulation for onsite nondestructive test of later embedding binding steel bar in the concrete structure filler wall． Beisdes，it provides a basis for construction and onsite test of later embedding binding steel bar． Nevertheless，some problems are found during the enforcement of the Acceptance Code． For instance，it does not stipulate the scope of application of later embedding binding steel bar and the critical depth of the anchoring steel bar; it lacks procedure-controlling requirements of later embedding binding steel bar construction． There are controversies on the critical depth of anchoring steel bar． On the basis of analyzing the above problems，it was put forward some suggestions on perfecting “Code for Acceptance of Constructional Quality of Masonry Structures”( GB 50203—2011) ．
2014, 44(10): 132-139.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410027
Abstract:
Three typical problems of the crane beam-rail system under wheel pressure were studied using ANSYS and the corresponding conclusions were given． Firstly，the local compressive stress on the edge of the crane beam web in discontinuous rail case was analyzed numerically． A formula for the maximum bearing stress amplification factor corresponding to the case of track discontinuity was brought up． Secondly，the contribution of rail flexural rigidity to the elastic stability of the web under wheel pressure was studied． It was found that the function of the rail was limited only to diffuse the stress; if the stress distribution on the web was given，the flexural rigidity of the upper edge rail had no impact on the web stability． Finally，the stability analysis of web without moment influence was conducted． And an approximate formula was proposed for elastic buckling coefficient of web under wheel pressure．
Three typical problems of the crane beam-rail system under wheel pressure were studied using ANSYS and the corresponding conclusions were given． Firstly，the local compressive stress on the edge of the crane beam web in discontinuous rail case was analyzed numerically． A formula for the maximum bearing stress amplification factor corresponding to the case of track discontinuity was brought up． Secondly，the contribution of rail flexural rigidity to the elastic stability of the web under wheel pressure was studied． It was found that the function of the rail was limited only to diffuse the stress; if the stress distribution on the web was given，the flexural rigidity of the upper edge rail had no impact on the web stability． Finally，the stability analysis of web without moment influence was conducted． And an approximate formula was proposed for elastic buckling coefficient of web under wheel pressure．
2014, 44(10): 140-145.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410028
Abstract:
A series of studies were performed on pin-disk type steel tube support frame，including the reliability of pin-disk joint，the pullout force of pin，the horizontal and standing rod joint stiffness，the mechanical property of basic unit． The research results indicate that pin-disk joint is reliable to ensure the supporting frame’s safety． The designed wedge pin has self-locking function，and it will not slide automatically in the normal working state． The horizontal and standing rod connection is a semi-rigid joint，the joint stiffness coefficient was measured through experimental analysis． The supporting frame failure mode and ultimate bearing capacity were obtained through the mechanical property study on basic unit． The influence of brace layout，cantilever length on the top of the supporting frame and pole step on the mechanical properties of supporting frame was determined by contrast．
A series of studies were performed on pin-disk type steel tube support frame，including the reliability of pin-disk joint，the pullout force of pin，the horizontal and standing rod joint stiffness，the mechanical property of basic unit． The research results indicate that pin-disk joint is reliable to ensure the supporting frame’s safety． The designed wedge pin has self-locking function，and it will not slide automatically in the normal working state． The horizontal and standing rod connection is a semi-rigid joint，the joint stiffness coefficient was measured through experimental analysis． The supporting frame failure mode and ultimate bearing capacity were obtained through the mechanical property study on basic unit． The influence of brace layout，cantilever length on the top of the supporting frame and pole step on the mechanical properties of supporting frame was determined by contrast．
2014, 44(10): 146-151.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410029
Abstract:
To research the vibration absorption characteristics and effect of the enclosure wall multifunctional vibration absorption structure，the models include steel frame vibration absorption structure and non-vibration absorption structure were made in 1∶ 3 scale，and simulated earthquake shake table test was done． It was studied the dynamic characteristic under different working conditions，as well as acceleration response and displacement response under different seismic excitation El-Centro earthquake waves of the model structure． The results show that numbers of the TMD are related to the nature frequency and control of vibration mode，the vibration absorption structure is very effective for control the acceleration and displacement response，the biggest amplitude of the vibration absorption lies in the top story，and the best effect is got when seismic wave is 4 m/s2 ． The model’s acceleration and displacement reaction of the vibration absorption are evaluated through shock index dynamic magnification coefficient and the rate of vibration reduction，thus showing that vibration absorption structure can get better control effect for the displacement response．
To research the vibration absorption characteristics and effect of the enclosure wall multifunctional vibration absorption structure，the models include steel frame vibration absorption structure and non-vibration absorption structure were made in 1∶ 3 scale，and simulated earthquake shake table test was done． It was studied the dynamic characteristic under different working conditions，as well as acceleration response and displacement response under different seismic excitation El-Centro earthquake waves of the model structure． The results show that numbers of the TMD are related to the nature frequency and control of vibration mode，the vibration absorption structure is very effective for control the acceleration and displacement response，the biggest amplitude of the vibration absorption lies in the top story，and the best effect is got when seismic wave is 4 m/s2 ． The model’s acceleration and displacement reaction of the vibration absorption are evaluated through shock index dynamic magnification coefficient and the rate of vibration reduction，thus showing that vibration absorption structure can get better control effect for the displacement response．
2014, 44(10): 152-157.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410030
Abstract:
Steel plate shear wall ( SPSW) with channel stiffener consists of infill steel plates，boundary elements and symmetric channel stiffeners． The channel stiffeners with a greater flexural rigidity can provide out-plane restraint effectively． It was carried out buckling analysis and elastoplastic analysis of the mechanical behavior of SPSWs with channel stiffeners by ABAQUS． The analytical results show that the distance between channel stiffeners and boundary elements has influence on the out-plane deformation of SPSW，but no influence on critical buckling stress and lateral load capacity of the SPSW． The channel stiffeners can increase the critical buckling stress effectively． With the decrease of width-to-thickness ratio and aspect ratio，the load capacity and stiffness of SPSW increase greatly． In order to increase the stiffness of SPSW，the stiffener-to-plate stiffness ratio should be greater than 20． In order to prevent the greater deformation and premature failure of the columns，the columns must have enough stiffness． The stiffness of SPSW increases and degrades slowly with the increase of the stiffness of column．
Steel plate shear wall ( SPSW) with channel stiffener consists of infill steel plates，boundary elements and symmetric channel stiffeners． The channel stiffeners with a greater flexural rigidity can provide out-plane restraint effectively． It was carried out buckling analysis and elastoplastic analysis of the mechanical behavior of SPSWs with channel stiffeners by ABAQUS． The analytical results show that the distance between channel stiffeners and boundary elements has influence on the out-plane deformation of SPSW，but no influence on critical buckling stress and lateral load capacity of the SPSW． The channel stiffeners can increase the critical buckling stress effectively． With the decrease of width-to-thickness ratio and aspect ratio，the load capacity and stiffness of SPSW increase greatly． In order to increase the stiffness of SPSW，the stiffener-to-plate stiffness ratio should be greater than 20． In order to prevent the greater deformation and premature failure of the columns，the columns must have enough stiffness． The stiffness of SPSW increases and degrades slowly with the increase of the stiffness of column．
2014, 44(10): 158-165.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410031
Abstract:
As the steel silo has incomparable advantages over the concrete silo，it is widely used in many fields， however，its theoretical research is relatively lagging behind，and especially there is no any clear specification to guide the design of a larger steel silo for coal storage． Based on the site operating conditions and technological requirements，the structure arrangement and the structure’s form of a proposed steel silo for coal storage were analyzed． The entire model assembled with the silo body and the roof was built up with FEA software Midas /Gen， and its static performance was analyzed，the features of the stress distribution and deformation distribution under different loads were got，and the rationality of the structure arrangement and its security were also verified． Eigenvalue buckling analysis on both empty silo and full silo were carried out with FEA software ANSYS，showing that the first order buckling eigenvalue of the full silo was decreased by 86. 85%． The influence of the ring pressure， produced by the coal，on improving the ultimate bearing capacity was also studied，and it was found that the first order buckling eigenvalue was increased by 89. 15% when considering the ring pressure． Finally a non-linear analysis was carried out，based on both the material nonlinearity and the geometry nonlinearity，obtaining the actual ultimate bearing capacity of the silo structure，finding that the steel plate silo is a kind of nonlinear structure．
As the steel silo has incomparable advantages over the concrete silo，it is widely used in many fields， however，its theoretical research is relatively lagging behind，and especially there is no any clear specification to guide the design of a larger steel silo for coal storage． Based on the site operating conditions and technological requirements，the structure arrangement and the structure’s form of a proposed steel silo for coal storage were analyzed． The entire model assembled with the silo body and the roof was built up with FEA software Midas /Gen， and its static performance was analyzed，the features of the stress distribution and deformation distribution under different loads were got，and the rationality of the structure arrangement and its security were also verified． Eigenvalue buckling analysis on both empty silo and full silo were carried out with FEA software ANSYS，showing that the first order buckling eigenvalue of the full silo was decreased by 86. 85%． The influence of the ring pressure， produced by the coal，on improving the ultimate bearing capacity was also studied，and it was found that the first order buckling eigenvalue was increased by 89. 15% when considering the ring pressure． Finally a non-linear analysis was carried out，based on both the material nonlinearity and the geometry nonlinearity，obtaining the actual ultimate bearing capacity of the silo structure，finding that the steel plate silo is a kind of nonlinear structure．
2014, 44(10): 166-169.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410032
Abstract:
In the preconstruction of super high-rise steel structure， the excavation was done around the tower，in order to ensure the late lifting equipment installation，transport vehicles entering the area and start construction，it is necessary to set up temporary platform as the hoisting machinery working platform． Large hoisting equipment is designed for ultra conventional load，the last method is to design a concrete platform，but its construction cycle is long，waste materials and not environmentally friendly． A steel structure platform was designed and MIDAS software simulation design was used to do simulation analysis，It was analyzed the platform deformation stress and stability of the large truck crane for its operation in the most unfavorable condition，thus obtaining the platform stress and deflection value in the construction stage． After complete the steel platform construction，the simulation values and the measured values of a 500 t truck crane for its operation on the platform were compared，the results show that the design and simulation analysis of steel platform is correct，this method not only ensures the safety of construction，but also provides references for the similar project construction.
In the preconstruction of super high-rise steel structure， the excavation was done around the tower，in order to ensure the late lifting equipment installation，transport vehicles entering the area and start construction，it is necessary to set up temporary platform as the hoisting machinery working platform． Large hoisting equipment is designed for ultra conventional load，the last method is to design a concrete platform，but its construction cycle is long，waste materials and not environmentally friendly． A steel structure platform was designed and MIDAS software simulation design was used to do simulation analysis，It was analyzed the platform deformation stress and stability of the large truck crane for its operation in the most unfavorable condition，thus obtaining the platform stress and deflection value in the construction stage． After complete the steel platform construction，the simulation values and the measured values of a 500 t truck crane for its operation on the platform were compared，the results show that the design and simulation analysis of steel platform is correct，this method not only ensures the safety of construction，but also provides references for the similar project construction.
2014, 44(10): 170-175.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410033
Abstract:
The identification and reinforcement design of the ancient architecture is vitally important to the protection of ancient buildings． The Feiyun Pavilion in Wanrong County，Shanxi Province which has the reputation of“the best wooden pavilion in the world”，is one of the key national-protected cultural sites，The Feiyun Pavilion has serious potential safety hazard due to lack of repairs for many years． Through on-site test of Feiyun Pavilion，given the data of structure deformation were given，then the key repair parts were pointed out after data processing． It was presented the present damage condition of ancient wooden pavilion constructional component，then evaluation of the damaged elements of wood pavilion by was done categorizing them in layers． The past repair treatments and problems of Feiyun Pavilion were summarized． In the end，it was proposed the scope of repairation and structural treatment measures．
The identification and reinforcement design of the ancient architecture is vitally important to the protection of ancient buildings． The Feiyun Pavilion in Wanrong County，Shanxi Province which has the reputation of“the best wooden pavilion in the world”，is one of the key national-protected cultural sites，The Feiyun Pavilion has serious potential safety hazard due to lack of repairs for many years． Through on-site test of Feiyun Pavilion，given the data of structure deformation were given，then the key repair parts were pointed out after data processing． It was presented the present damage condition of ancient wooden pavilion constructional component，then evaluation of the damaged elements of wood pavilion by was done categorizing them in layers． The past repair treatments and problems of Feiyun Pavilion were summarized． In the end，it was proposed the scope of repairation and structural treatment measures．
2014, 44(10): 176-180.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410034
Abstract:
In recent years，with technological innovation and urban industrial structure adjustment，there have been declines in many traditional industry bases，a large number of urban industrial heritage are left． How to protect and reuse of the industrial heritages becomes a hot spot of academia that is to be researched． It was explored the optimization strategies of urban industrial heritage protection and recycling on the basis of studying the problems in the research on industrial heritage in China and summarizing the experience of foreign advanced protection．
In recent years，with technological innovation and urban industrial structure adjustment，there have been declines in many traditional industry bases，a large number of urban industrial heritage are left． How to protect and reuse of the industrial heritages becomes a hot spot of academia that is to be researched． It was explored the optimization strategies of urban industrial heritage protection and recycling on the basis of studying the problems in the research on industrial heritage in China and summarizing the experience of foreign advanced protection．
2014, 44(10): 181-183.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz201410035
Abstract:
It was introduced a case study on Zeche Zollverein of a successful regeneration of the industrial heritage and its historical background． After having explored the initiatives launched by the city authorities and the guiding principles，how to restore and exploit former industrial sites for sustainable and applicable spaces was also analyzed． Therefore，the value of the industrial remains would generate new sustainable effects and create new cultural spirits of the urban areas． “Stones from other hills may serve to polish jade”，by reflections and studies on this German case， it was expected to compose a new chapter of the renewal of the industrial remains in China．
It was introduced a case study on Zeche Zollverein of a successful regeneration of the industrial heritage and its historical background． After having explored the initiatives launched by the city authorities and the guiding principles，how to restore and exploit former industrial sites for sustainable and applicable spaces was also analyzed． Therefore，the value of the industrial remains would generate new sustainable effects and create new cultural spirits of the urban areas． “Stones from other hills may serve to polish jade”，by reflections and studies on this German case， it was expected to compose a new chapter of the renewal of the industrial remains in China．
