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2014 Vol. 44, No. 09
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2014, 44(09): 1-6.
Abstract:
Chongqing Industrial Museum was proposed to set up on the original site of section steel plant of the former Chongqing Iron and Steel Works in order to lengthen the lifeline of a history of 120 years． To solve the contradictions among the protection ＆ reuse of industrial heritages，the newly built creative industrial park，commercial mating facilities，as well as the single space and new city with complex functions in the traditional industrial area，an integral and multivariate cultural and industrial expo area would be created by combining old industrial park with new downtown area，through retaining most of the industrial heritages to create the indicative and vivid landscapes． Thus a new life and energy would be given to the whole area by way of a series of guided developments and reforms，as well as accomplishing its role conversion．
Chongqing Industrial Museum was proposed to set up on the original site of section steel plant of the former Chongqing Iron and Steel Works in order to lengthen the lifeline of a history of 120 years． To solve the contradictions among the protection ＆ reuse of industrial heritages，the newly built creative industrial park，commercial mating facilities，as well as the single space and new city with complex functions in the traditional industrial area，an integral and multivariate cultural and industrial expo area would be created by combining old industrial park with new downtown area，through retaining most of the industrial heritages to create the indicative and vivid landscapes． Thus a new life and energy would be given to the whole area by way of a series of guided developments and reforms，as well as accomplishing its role conversion．
2014, 44(09): 7-10.
Abstract:
To protect and reuse industrial heritage，three key questions need to be answered． The first one is how to ensure the government’s interest without decreasing the recent land transfer fees，which is the most enssential premise for the preservation of industrial heritage． The second one is how to prevent the developer’s interest from shrinking， which is the key to turn the passitive utilization of industrial heritage into active utilization． The third one is how to protect public interest，which is the core responsibility of the planners． However，in the reality，land revenue is the key factor for the government to dertermine elaboratly reuse an industrial heritage or demolish it and build a new building on its base． Thus it is necessary to protect and reuse industrial heritage from the perspective of economic balance，and realize win-win development among stakeholders of local government，developers and the public． At present，China is in the period of severe industrial renewal， and the preservation and utilization of industrial heritage have not become the consensus among decision makers． This paper was based on an instance of Shenyang Hongmei Gourmet Powder Factory，and described the thought and process of“rescue”urban plan practice． It was expected to provide some reference for the preservation and utilization of industrial heritage during this special period．
To protect and reuse industrial heritage，three key questions need to be answered． The first one is how to ensure the government’s interest without decreasing the recent land transfer fees，which is the most enssential premise for the preservation of industrial heritage． The second one is how to prevent the developer’s interest from shrinking， which is the key to turn the passitive utilization of industrial heritage into active utilization． The third one is how to protect public interest，which is the core responsibility of the planners． However，in the reality，land revenue is the key factor for the government to dertermine elaboratly reuse an industrial heritage or demolish it and build a new building on its base． Thus it is necessary to protect and reuse industrial heritage from the perspective of economic balance，and realize win-win development among stakeholders of local government，developers and the public． At present，China is in the period of severe industrial renewal， and the preservation and utilization of industrial heritage have not become the consensus among decision makers． This paper was based on an instance of Shenyang Hongmei Gourmet Powder Factory，and described the thought and process of“rescue”urban plan practice． It was expected to provide some reference for the preservation and utilization of industrial heritage during this special period．
2014, 44(09): 11-13.
Abstract:
Suffered from the physical aging represented by environmental deterioration of architecture，problem of “united householder”，and regional economic loss，the old urban industrial residential areas are being marginalized with urban social and economic downturn． Meanwhile the transformation of residential structure has resulted in the social aging． The paper formulated the transformation process of housing construction development and establishes the idea of physical aging and social decline of the neighborhood with the Wuhan Qingshan Red House as the example． Means of protection and renewal were discussed lastly．
Suffered from the physical aging represented by environmental deterioration of architecture，problem of “united householder”，and regional economic loss，the old urban industrial residential areas are being marginalized with urban social and economic downturn． Meanwhile the transformation of residential structure has resulted in the social aging． The paper formulated the transformation process of housing construction development and establishes the idea of physical aging and social decline of the neighborhood with the Wuhan Qingshan Red House as the example． Means of protection and renewal were discussed lastly．
2014, 44(09): 14-17.
Abstract:
It was introduced the history and development of domestic and foreign mining park and planning principles，also explored and analyzed the planning and landscape design concept of Suichang Gold Mine Park， promoting the efforts of restoration and protection of ecological environment during the mine constructions． The guiding thought of mine park overall planning should take the protection of mining relics landscape as the main body， make full use of various natural and human tourism resources，and reasonable layout should be done on the premise of environmental management and ecological recovery，also moderate development and construction should be done to provide people with places of sightseeing，leisure，culture entertainment，and scientific education． Good mining overall planning of the construction of the park can effectively protect all kinds of important mining relics of mine in the park，which would help mining town to realize economic transformation well．
It was introduced the history and development of domestic and foreign mining park and planning principles，also explored and analyzed the planning and landscape design concept of Suichang Gold Mine Park， promoting the efforts of restoration and protection of ecological environment during the mine constructions． The guiding thought of mine park overall planning should take the protection of mining relics landscape as the main body， make full use of various natural and human tourism resources，and reasonable layout should be done on the premise of environmental management and ecological recovery，also moderate development and construction should be done to provide people with places of sightseeing，leisure，culture entertainment，and scientific education． Good mining overall planning of the construction of the park can effectively protect all kinds of important mining relics of mine in the park，which would help mining town to realize economic transformation well．
2014, 44(09): 18-21.
Abstract:
With the development of society and the change of living concept，residential retrofit of old industrial buildings has gradually been accepted，especially apartments for rent． It was analyzed the characteristics of old industrial buildings and apartment-style housing，and summarized the problems occurred in the process of old industrial buildings reuse based on the analysis of real cases transformed into apartments． It was also convinced that it is meaningful to consider the means of residential industrialization in exploring the design methods of adaptable unit forms，effective space utilization and facility updating．
With the development of society and the change of living concept，residential retrofit of old industrial buildings has gradually been accepted，especially apartments for rent． It was analyzed the characteristics of old industrial buildings and apartment-style housing，and summarized the problems occurred in the process of old industrial buildings reuse based on the analysis of real cases transformed into apartments． It was also convinced that it is meaningful to consider the means of residential industrialization in exploring the design methods of adaptable unit forms，effective space utilization and facility updating．
2014, 44(09): 22-25.
Abstract:
Firstly，it analyzed that the formation process and development of historic urban landscapes in Qingdao， and also its key elements of built environment． Secondly，it is revealed that the research and conservation work for these key elements are imbalance． And then it is classified the industrial heritages of Qingdao in the German rental period，which are taken as an important element of the historic urban landscapes of Qingdao． It is intended to promote the comprehensive research and conservation on historic urban landscapes of Qingdao．
Firstly，it analyzed that the formation process and development of historic urban landscapes in Qingdao， and also its key elements of built environment． Secondly，it is revealed that the research and conservation work for these key elements are imbalance． And then it is classified the industrial heritages of Qingdao in the German rental period，which are taken as an important element of the historic urban landscapes of Qingdao． It is intended to promote the comprehensive research and conservation on historic urban landscapes of Qingdao．
2014, 44(09): 26-29.
Abstract:
With the advent of the post-industrial era，the reuses of the old industrial buildings become the focus of study． The renewal value depends on the selection of transformation plans． What’s much important is to choose one appropriate plan which can maximize the value． This article was oriented by the value factors，with which the reuse index evaluation system of old industrial building was built through quantifying and stratifying the value factors． Simultaneously the analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the relative weights of the various indicators，and fuzzy TOPSIS was used to evaluate，organize and sort different transformation plans． The order of the program sort was got to and provide a reliable basis for the decision-making of transformation of the old industrial building through quantitative treatment of ambiguity and uncertainty indicators． This method is an effective way of decision，which is easy to expand and applied to similar decisions．
With the advent of the post-industrial era，the reuses of the old industrial buildings become the focus of study． The renewal value depends on the selection of transformation plans． What’s much important is to choose one appropriate plan which can maximize the value． This article was oriented by the value factors，with which the reuse index evaluation system of old industrial building was built through quantifying and stratifying the value factors． Simultaneously the analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the relative weights of the various indicators，and fuzzy TOPSIS was used to evaluate，organize and sort different transformation plans． The order of the program sort was got to and provide a reliable basis for the decision-making of transformation of the old industrial building through quantitative treatment of ambiguity and uncertainty indicators． This method is an effective way of decision，which is easy to expand and applied to similar decisions．
2014, 44(09): 30-32.
Abstract:
Yanbian，which is rich in forest resources，has been the leading enterprises in forestry industry ， from the modern times to the 1980s， leading a good result in Yanbian region's economy． However，because of the unsustainable exploitation of more than 100 years，the resource is deficient，which resulted in shutdown or transformation of the original forestry factories． A small amount of the forestry factory and equipment，railway are still esisted，while most of them disappeared，which were developed from the beginning of the modern times． Therefore，by the investigation on Helong Forestry Bureau，it was analyzed the present status of the forestry buildings of Yanbian Region，which provided a basis for the preservation and utilization of forestry buildings in the future
Yanbian，which is rich in forest resources，has been the leading enterprises in forestry industry ， from the modern times to the 1980s， leading a good result in Yanbian region's economy． However，because of the unsustainable exploitation of more than 100 years，the resource is deficient，which resulted in shutdown or transformation of the original forestry factories． A small amount of the forestry factory and equipment，railway are still esisted，while most of them disappeared，which were developed from the beginning of the modern times． Therefore，by the investigation on Helong Forestry Bureau，it was analyzed the present status of the forestry buildings of Yanbian Region，which provided a basis for the preservation and utilization of forestry buildings in the future
2014, 44(09): 33-36.
Abstract:
Establishing assessment and designation criteria for Chinese industrial heritage，to guide the systematic survey and designation of industrial heritages nationwide，is the key issue in the Chinese industrial heritage conservation． As the pioneer of worldwide industrial revolution，Britain possesses an advanced conservation system for its abundant and diverse industrial heritages． By looking into the designation criteria for industrial heritage in Britain， this paper aims to provide useful information in establishing Chinese industrial heritage designation criteria．
Establishing assessment and designation criteria for Chinese industrial heritage，to guide the systematic survey and designation of industrial heritages nationwide，is the key issue in the Chinese industrial heritage conservation． As the pioneer of worldwide industrial revolution，Britain possesses an advanced conservation system for its abundant and diverse industrial heritages． By looking into the designation criteria for industrial heritage in Britain， this paper aims to provide useful information in establishing Chinese industrial heritage designation criteria．
2014, 44(09): 37-39.
Abstract:
As a new type of world heritage，the importance of world industrial heritage site conservation has been internationally recognized． Taking New Lanark World Cultural Heritage Site as a case study，this paper presented its good experiences in conservation and management practice in the perspective of holistic design concept，and the role on reaching holistic development of economy，society，culture． It also provided scientific ideas and good references for further conservation and management of world cultural heritage sites in China．
As a new type of world heritage，the importance of world industrial heritage site conservation has been internationally recognized． Taking New Lanark World Cultural Heritage Site as a case study，this paper presented its good experiences in conservation and management practice in the perspective of holistic design concept，and the role on reaching holistic development of economy，society，culture． It also provided scientific ideas and good references for further conservation and management of world cultural heritage sites in China．
2014, 44(09): 40-44.
Abstract:
In light of the weak development of raw soil folk houses，taking the raw soil buildings in Qing Muchuan of Qinba mountains area for example，through the analysis of the status quo of research，using modern technology and theory，it was analyzed the characteristics of the raw soil buildings in Qinba mountains area; it was also summarized the features，ecological construction experience and ecological suitable technology of the raw soil buildings in Qinba mountain region． It was expected to provide useful experience for study on the development of mountain raw soil buildings in other areas．
In light of the weak development of raw soil folk houses，taking the raw soil buildings in Qing Muchuan of Qinba mountains area for example，through the analysis of the status quo of research，using modern technology and theory，it was analyzed the characteristics of the raw soil buildings in Qinba mountains area; it was also summarized the features，ecological construction experience and ecological suitable technology of the raw soil buildings in Qinba mountain region． It was expected to provide useful experience for study on the development of mountain raw soil buildings in other areas．
2014, 44(09): 45-50.
Abstract:
Stress of beam-column joint is complex， and modified compression field theory and the diagonal compression strut model have some shortages． Based on predecessors’study on the diagonal compression strut mechanism and softened strut-and-tie mechanism，a new calculation model of shear capacity of beam-column joint core was proposed，where the horizontal shear carried by both the diagonal compression strut mechanism and softened strut-and-tie mechanism was combined by a certain percentage． According to the proposed model，the shear capacity of beam-column joint core was calculated，concrete compressive strength and horizontal stirrup ratio were also computed． Experimental value of largest shear stress of 82 specimens at home and abroad was compared with calculated value using the method，and the mean ratio of experimental value to calculated value by the method was 1. 154 with coefficient of variation of 0. 131． The discreteness of experimental value to calculated value by the method was smaller than that of experimental value to calculated value by softened strut and tie model，and the feasibility of the method was verified．
Stress of beam-column joint is complex， and modified compression field theory and the diagonal compression strut model have some shortages． Based on predecessors’study on the diagonal compression strut mechanism and softened strut-and-tie mechanism，a new calculation model of shear capacity of beam-column joint core was proposed，where the horizontal shear carried by both the diagonal compression strut mechanism and softened strut-and-tie mechanism was combined by a certain percentage． According to the proposed model，the shear capacity of beam-column joint core was calculated，concrete compressive strength and horizontal stirrup ratio were also computed． Experimental value of largest shear stress of 82 specimens at home and abroad was compared with calculated value using the method，and the mean ratio of experimental value to calculated value by the method was 1. 154 with coefficient of variation of 0. 131． The discreteness of experimental value to calculated value by the method was smaller than that of experimental value to calculated value by softened strut and tie model，and the feasibility of the method was verified．
2014, 44(09): 51-55.
Abstract:
The steel cage concrete ( Prefabricated Cage System，PCS) is a new concrete structure． Having advantages of faster construction，high degree of quality control，better ductility and absorbing higher energy，which can be used in many members of a concrete structure，which is an important additional part of reinforced concrete system． The tests were carried out for four concrete columns reinforced with prefabricated cage system and one reinforced concrete column． The main conclusions are: the failure features of concrete columns reinforced with prefabricated cage system are basically similar to rebar reinforced system; the ductility of prefabricated cage system is better than rebar cage system，which improve up to 49. 2%; the capacity of absorbing energy can be improved by 73. 5% using prefabricated cage system than rebar cage system; the stress of longitudinal steel relates to its position．
The steel cage concrete ( Prefabricated Cage System，PCS) is a new concrete structure． Having advantages of faster construction，high degree of quality control，better ductility and absorbing higher energy，which can be used in many members of a concrete structure，which is an important additional part of reinforced concrete system． The tests were carried out for four concrete columns reinforced with prefabricated cage system and one reinforced concrete column． The main conclusions are: the failure features of concrete columns reinforced with prefabricated cage system are basically similar to rebar reinforced system; the ductility of prefabricated cage system is better than rebar cage system，which improve up to 49. 2%; the capacity of absorbing energy can be improved by 73. 5% using prefabricated cage system than rebar cage system; the stress of longitudinal steel relates to its position．
2014, 44(09): 56-61.
Abstract:
Based on the requirement of quick rehabilitation，a new kind of the self-centering post-tensioned precast connection ( named PTED) was proposed． The tests of the PTED frame connections were carried out． The damage and mechanical characteristics of the connections under low reversed cyclic loading were studied． The results showed that the damage concentrates in the steel angles，the connections have the ability of self-centering and the residual deformation is small when unloading． Based on the self-centering capability of the PTED connection， the rehabilitation mechanism and the repair method were proposed，that is，after the earthquake the joint can returned to it’s original position utilizing the self-centering capability of the post-tensioned steel and then just replace the damaged angle． The tests of the repaired PTED connection under low reversed were carried out and the repaired method was verified． The results showed that the seismic capacity of the repaired joint was basically the same as the original one．
Based on the requirement of quick rehabilitation，a new kind of the self-centering post-tensioned precast connection ( named PTED) was proposed． The tests of the PTED frame connections were carried out． The damage and mechanical characteristics of the connections under low reversed cyclic loading were studied． The results showed that the damage concentrates in the steel angles，the connections have the ability of self-centering and the residual deformation is small when unloading． Based on the self-centering capability of the PTED connection， the rehabilitation mechanism and the repair method were proposed，that is，after the earthquake the joint can returned to it’s original position utilizing the self-centering capability of the post-tensioned steel and then just replace the damaged angle． The tests of the repaired PTED connection under low reversed were carried out and the repaired method was verified． The results showed that the seismic capacity of the repaired joint was basically the same as the original one．
2014, 44(09): 62-67.
Abstract:
The vibration behavior of beam-plates system caused by the vibration of fluidized bed dryer was tested． The disturbing force and frequency of vibrating equipment，working performance of the existing isolation bearing and response of floor vibration was obtained． According to the spot test results， finite element analysis of simple harmonic vibration was carried out by ANSYS software． The test results show that floor vibration response is larger in frame regions having vibration equipment; vibration response of monitoring points on frame beam is much less than that of monitoring points on secondary beam，vibration response of measuring points decay soon along the floor longitudinal points． The linear superposition comprehensive vibration effect of multiple vibration equipment can be regarded as a single vibration equipment vibration effect，the main cause of factory floor of big vibration is forced resonance． Based on a simply continuous orthotropic plate model and the eigenfrequency sensitivity analysis technique，the optimal modifying position and revisions of the structural stiffness were acquired． Lastly，the vibration reduction treatment scheme was proposed．
The vibration behavior of beam-plates system caused by the vibration of fluidized bed dryer was tested． The disturbing force and frequency of vibrating equipment，working performance of the existing isolation bearing and response of floor vibration was obtained． According to the spot test results， finite element analysis of simple harmonic vibration was carried out by ANSYS software． The test results show that floor vibration response is larger in frame regions having vibration equipment; vibration response of monitoring points on frame beam is much less than that of monitoring points on secondary beam，vibration response of measuring points decay soon along the floor longitudinal points． The linear superposition comprehensive vibration effect of multiple vibration equipment can be regarded as a single vibration equipment vibration effect，the main cause of factory floor of big vibration is forced resonance． Based on a simply continuous orthotropic plate model and the eigenfrequency sensitivity analysis technique，the optimal modifying position and revisions of the structural stiffness were acquired． Lastly，the vibration reduction treatment scheme was proposed．
2014, 44(09): 68-73.
Abstract:
Now the“two-phase and three-level”seismic design method，which has been used in the calculation of ecological composite-wall structure system，has failed to meet the modern owner’s personalized requirement of building structure performance target． Combining three special seismic defence lines of ecological composite-wall structure with the theoretical framework of seismic design based on performance，and based on yield displacement value of the three seismic defence lines，the performance level of structure was quantified． Applying the inverted triangular distribution of lateral force to the cantilever column of constant section，and the displaced shape of the column was regarded as the initial mode of lateral displacement; combining with the displacement response spectrum， the specific steps of the displacement-based design method were put forward and three performance targets design of a example were calculated． Example shows that the proposed multiple ecological composite wall structure displacementbased seismic design method is simple and practical，which can be designed and calculated according to different performance levels．
Now the“two-phase and three-level”seismic design method，which has been used in the calculation of ecological composite-wall structure system，has failed to meet the modern owner’s personalized requirement of building structure performance target． Combining three special seismic defence lines of ecological composite-wall structure with the theoretical framework of seismic design based on performance，and based on yield displacement value of the three seismic defence lines，the performance level of structure was quantified． Applying the inverted triangular distribution of lateral force to the cantilever column of constant section，and the displaced shape of the column was regarded as the initial mode of lateral displacement; combining with the displacement response spectrum， the specific steps of the displacement-based design method were put forward and three performance targets design of a example were calculated． Example shows that the proposed multiple ecological composite wall structure displacementbased seismic design method is simple and practical，which can be designed and calculated according to different performance levels．
2014, 44(09): 74-77.
Abstract:
In order to study the deformation performance of steel fiber reinforced high-strength concrete beams with BFＲP rebars，the bending test of 7 beams under repeated load after suffering long-term sustaining load were carried out． The effects of reinforcement ratio of BFＲP bars，fraction of steel fiber by volume and loading level on deformation performance of beams were analyzed． The results shown that the bonding behavior between BFＲP rebars and concrete is not degradative after 10 loading-unloading cycles; the factors， including loading level，the dosage of steel fiber and the reinforcement ratio of BFＲP，express the different levels of influence on the load-deflection curve and the deflection recovery capability of test beams; and steel fiber reinforced high-strength concrete beams with BFRP rebars possess higher deflection recovery capability and better repeated load resistance．
In order to study the deformation performance of steel fiber reinforced high-strength concrete beams with BFＲP rebars，the bending test of 7 beams under repeated load after suffering long-term sustaining load were carried out． The effects of reinforcement ratio of BFＲP bars，fraction of steel fiber by volume and loading level on deformation performance of beams were analyzed． The results shown that the bonding behavior between BFＲP rebars and concrete is not degradative after 10 loading-unloading cycles; the factors， including loading level，the dosage of steel fiber and the reinforcement ratio of BFＲP，express the different levels of influence on the load-deflection curve and the deflection recovery capability of test beams; and steel fiber reinforced high-strength concrete beams with BFRP rebars possess higher deflection recovery capability and better repeated load resistance．
FIRE TEMPERATURE FIELDS AND SMOKE DISTRIBUTION OF RECTANGULAR PLANE AIR-SUPPORTED MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
2014, 44(09): 78-82.
Abstract:
FDS( Fire Dynamics Simulator) is used to simulate the fire temperature field characteristics and smoke flow of the rectangular plan air-supported membrane structure which has abroad application in public buildings and plants． That provides the basis for the further study on performances of structural safety and safety evacuation． According to the temperature field results，the temperature indoors as well as on the membrane surface can be reduced effectively when the evacuation door and the fan are open． Moreover the structure does not collapse easily． Air vent position has some influence on membrane surface temperature． The results of smoke flow show that smoke layer declines unevenly and the laminar characteristic is not obvious in vertical plane when the vent is opened． Besides， indoor visibility reduces rapidly． Air vent position has great impact on the horizontal smoke flow where is near to the fan and fire source．
FDS( Fire Dynamics Simulator) is used to simulate the fire temperature field characteristics and smoke flow of the rectangular plan air-supported membrane structure which has abroad application in public buildings and plants． That provides the basis for the further study on performances of structural safety and safety evacuation． According to the temperature field results，the temperature indoors as well as on the membrane surface can be reduced effectively when the evacuation door and the fan are open． Moreover the structure does not collapse easily． Air vent position has some influence on membrane surface temperature． The results of smoke flow show that smoke layer declines unevenly and the laminar characteristic is not obvious in vertical plane when the vent is opened． Besides， indoor visibility reduces rapidly． Air vent position has great impact on the horizontal smoke flow where is near to the fan and fire source．
2014, 44(09): 83-87.
Abstract:
In order to study the mechanical behavior of the dispersed pressure retaining wall，the indoor model test was conducted． Earth pressure cells，dial indicators，and strain gages min were buried at different heights of the retaining wall． It was studied the change law of the retaining wall's displacement，base earth pressure，lateral pressure and the anchor force under high fill loads． The results of the model experiment showed that the retaining wall was of tilting tendency under high load． The outside pressure of basement was bigger than inner side． The shadowing effect of anchor was obvious． The lateral earth pressure formed the shape of reverse S-type． The end of anchor had concentration of stress． Shear stress in the middle of anchor was biggest．
In order to study the mechanical behavior of the dispersed pressure retaining wall，the indoor model test was conducted． Earth pressure cells，dial indicators，and strain gages min were buried at different heights of the retaining wall． It was studied the change law of the retaining wall's displacement，base earth pressure，lateral pressure and the anchor force under high fill loads． The results of the model experiment showed that the retaining wall was of tilting tendency under high load． The outside pressure of basement was bigger than inner side． The shadowing effect of anchor was obvious． The lateral earth pressure formed the shape of reverse S-type． The end of anchor had concentration of stress． Shear stress in the middle of anchor was biggest．
2014, 44(09): 88-96.
Abstract:
The responses of adjacent high buildings to a deep excavation of subway station constructed by open-cut method in dual structure soil of Changsha were analyzed． First，the subsurface conditions，adjacent buildings， excavation scheme and monitoring project were introduced． Next，the lateral displacements of diaphragm wall and settlements outside the excavation were analyzed; the settlement and characteristics of inclination and deformation of high buildings were analyzed emphatically． Compared with the settlement law of multistory buildings in soft clay，the settlement of high buildings showed that there were less impact on the construction of diaphragm wall and dewatering inside the excavation; building settlements were less than those of the surface; there were rotations and rise on the buildings; there were some proportional relations between the distances of the buildings to the excavation，length-width ratios，and settlements，deformations．
The responses of adjacent high buildings to a deep excavation of subway station constructed by open-cut method in dual structure soil of Changsha were analyzed． First，the subsurface conditions，adjacent buildings， excavation scheme and monitoring project were introduced． Next，the lateral displacements of diaphragm wall and settlements outside the excavation were analyzed; the settlement and characteristics of inclination and deformation of high buildings were analyzed emphatically． Compared with the settlement law of multistory buildings in soft clay，the settlement of high buildings showed that there were less impact on the construction of diaphragm wall and dewatering inside the excavation; building settlements were less than those of the surface; there were rotations and rise on the buildings; there were some proportional relations between the distances of the buildings to the excavation，length-width ratios，and settlements，deformations．
2014, 44(09): 97-100.
Abstract:
In the construction process of docks，due to limitations of mountain site，the large diameter socketed short piles were used in those areas． But the in-situ experimental study was lacking under horizontal load． The top-loading method was used to test and the horizontal bearing characteristics of short large-diameter rock-socketed piles were analyzed，including load-displacement curve，horizontal displacement distribution，the distribution of the bending moment and shear force along the pile legth． The results indicated that the relationship between horizontal load and displacement of short pile was linear distribution，and the increase of length was more favorable to improve its horizontal mechanical properties． From the lateral deformation of pile，the deformation occured mainly in the upper soil，surface soil density and the size of pile had a significant influence on its lateral deformation． From the distribution of internal forces of piles，the maximum bending moment was located in 6 m below the surface and maximum shear mainly distributed near the surface．
In the construction process of docks，due to limitations of mountain site，the large diameter socketed short piles were used in those areas． But the in-situ experimental study was lacking under horizontal load． The top-loading method was used to test and the horizontal bearing characteristics of short large-diameter rock-socketed piles were analyzed，including load-displacement curve，horizontal displacement distribution，the distribution of the bending moment and shear force along the pile legth． The results indicated that the relationship between horizontal load and displacement of short pile was linear distribution，and the increase of length was more favorable to improve its horizontal mechanical properties． From the lateral deformation of pile，the deformation occured mainly in the upper soil，surface soil density and the size of pile had a significant influence on its lateral deformation． From the distribution of internal forces of piles，the maximum bending moment was located in 6 m below the surface and maximum shear mainly distributed near the surface．
2014, 44(09): 101-105.
Abstract:
By the orthogonal test method，through the pull-out test of 84 specimens to investigate the bond performance between concrete and steel． Test results indicate that: 1 ) concrete cover thickness，and shape of reinforcement section have a greater effect on the failure made of bond anchorage; 2) free end slip value lagged that of loaded end，and the lag factors relate mainly with anchorage length and reinforcement diameter; 3) recycled coarse aggregate quantity of 30% pull-out specimens reached bond force limit the time compared to the ordinary concrete and recycled coarse aggregate quantity is 50% pieces for a longer period of time，the reason needs to be further explored; 4) bond performance of reinforcing steel bar and concrete is improved with an increase in concrete cover，and is weakened with an increase in the bar diameter．
By the orthogonal test method，through the pull-out test of 84 specimens to investigate the bond performance between concrete and steel． Test results indicate that: 1 ) concrete cover thickness，and shape of reinforcement section have a greater effect on the failure made of bond anchorage; 2) free end slip value lagged that of loaded end，and the lag factors relate mainly with anchorage length and reinforcement diameter; 3) recycled coarse aggregate quantity of 30% pull-out specimens reached bond force limit the time compared to the ordinary concrete and recycled coarse aggregate quantity is 50% pieces for a longer period of time，the reason needs to be further explored; 4) bond performance of reinforcing steel bar and concrete is improved with an increase in concrete cover，and is weakened with an increase in the bar diameter．
2014, 44(09): 106-109.
Abstract:
The preparation method of polyvinyl alcohol ( PVA ) fiber reinforced high-strength concrete was investigated． PVA fiber reinforced high-strength concrete with several different fiber volume contents were prepared． It was analyzed the influence of PVA fiber volume contents on the compressive strength and splitting strength，as well as the failure characteristics of high-strength concrete． The curve of strength was drawn，which was changed with the age of concrete． The results show that the brittleness and splitting strength can be improved in a large extent． Therefore，PVA fiber is a kind of excellent composite material which can contribute to improve the property of concrete．
The preparation method of polyvinyl alcohol ( PVA ) fiber reinforced high-strength concrete was investigated． PVA fiber reinforced high-strength concrete with several different fiber volume contents were prepared． It was analyzed the influence of PVA fiber volume contents on the compressive strength and splitting strength，as well as the failure characteristics of high-strength concrete． The curve of strength was drawn，which was changed with the age of concrete． The results show that the brittleness and splitting strength can be improved in a large extent． Therefore，PVA fiber is a kind of excellent composite material which can contribute to improve the property of concrete．
2014, 44(09): 110-113.
Abstract:
Da’an city in Jilin province is not only frost soil region in the north-east，but also is one of the most serious region where has salinization soil． In the soil the dissolved salt component HCO3 － ( CO2 － 3 ) and Na + content is the most，followed by Cl － and SO2 － 4 ，and there are small amounts of Mg2 + ，Ca2 + ，K + ，etc． In order to study the influence on the durability of concrete by the different soluble salts after the action of freezing-thawing cycles， separate salt and freezing-thawing cycle comparing tests of the concrete were conducted on the basis of the previous experimental study on the durability of concrete affected by double factors of the composite salts and freezing-thawing cycles． The characteristics and laws of the damage to concrete by corrosion due to sulfate，chloride and bicarbonate under the action of freezing-thawing alternation were summarized，and the mechanism of failure was analyzed further．
Da’an city in Jilin province is not only frost soil region in the north-east，but also is one of the most serious region where has salinization soil． In the soil the dissolved salt component HCO3 － ( CO2 － 3 ) and Na + content is the most，followed by Cl － and SO2 － 4 ，and there are small amounts of Mg2 + ，Ca2 + ，K + ，etc． In order to study the influence on the durability of concrete by the different soluble salts after the action of freezing-thawing cycles， separate salt and freezing-thawing cycle comparing tests of the concrete were conducted on the basis of the previous experimental study on the durability of concrete affected by double factors of the composite salts and freezing-thawing cycles． The characteristics and laws of the damage to concrete by corrosion due to sulfate，chloride and bicarbonate under the action of freezing-thawing alternation were summarized，and the mechanism of failure was analyzed further．
2014, 44(09): 114-118.
Abstract:
According to the changes in five parameters，such as the replacement ratio，reinforcement ratio，the content of baked brick aggregate，the content of silicon powder and the content of multivariate mixed fiber，the 13 EC-RAC beam specimens were designed to carry out bending performance tests． The test results show that in the various factors，the reinforcement ratio significantly influences the flexural bearing capacity of the bending beams; with the increase of replacement ratio，on the one hand，the bending bearing capacity is not decreased but increased． On the other hand，the compound action of the silicon powder，the hybrid fiber and the active mineral material can effectively improve the flexural performance; the proper brick grain content with its characteristics of strong water imbibitions due to its macrospore，which indirectly reduces the water-cement ratio in the RAC，to a certain extent， also improves the bending performance．
According to the changes in five parameters，such as the replacement ratio，reinforcement ratio，the content of baked brick aggregate，the content of silicon powder and the content of multivariate mixed fiber，the 13 EC-RAC beam specimens were designed to carry out bending performance tests． The test results show that in the various factors，the reinforcement ratio significantly influences the flexural bearing capacity of the bending beams; with the increase of replacement ratio，on the one hand，the bending bearing capacity is not decreased but increased． On the other hand，the compound action of the silicon powder，the hybrid fiber and the active mineral material can effectively improve the flexural performance; the proper brick grain content with its characteristics of strong water imbibitions due to its macrospore，which indirectly reduces the water-cement ratio in the RAC，to a certain extent， also improves the bending performance．
2014, 44(09): 119-121.
Abstract:
The features of a new method of the concrete curing are analyzed in this paper． The effects of curing on concrete strength，appearance and distribution of fine pore of the new method are expounded． The advantages and deficiencies of different curing methods like traditional spray water or curing agent are discussed respectively．
The features of a new method of the concrete curing are analyzed in this paper． The effects of curing on concrete strength，appearance and distribution of fine pore of the new method are expounded． The advantages and deficiencies of different curing methods like traditional spray water or curing agent are discussed respectively．
2014, 44(09): 122-152.
Abstract:
Generally，since an express highway is built on the soft soil foundation，it cannot meet the requirement of consolidation degree during the construction period，the sedimentation rate is too large，resulting in uneven roadbed settlement after the opening of the highway． To reduce residual settlement of the roadbed transverse holes were used for the roadked and the foamed cement was used． After the disposal of the roadbed，the sedimentation rate stabilized and the residual settlement reduced． Simultaneously，the economic losses caused by disturbing traffic operation were avoided． The laboratory experiments for foamed cement were carried out． Combined the projects，its application in the disposal of the settlement of express highway was introduced． By replacing，the load was reduced from 74. 2 kPa to 69. 8 kPa，the monthly sedimentation rate of test section was reduced by about 50%，the residual settlement of the remaining work was reduced by more than 70%．
Generally，since an express highway is built on the soft soil foundation，it cannot meet the requirement of consolidation degree during the construction period，the sedimentation rate is too large，resulting in uneven roadbed settlement after the opening of the highway． To reduce residual settlement of the roadbed transverse holes were used for the roadked and the foamed cement was used． After the disposal of the roadbed，the sedimentation rate stabilized and the residual settlement reduced． Simultaneously，the economic losses caused by disturbing traffic operation were avoided． The laboratory experiments for foamed cement were carried out． Combined the projects，its application in the disposal of the settlement of express highway was introduced． By replacing，the load was reduced from 74. 2 kPa to 69. 8 kPa，the monthly sedimentation rate of test section was reduced by about 50%，the residual settlement of the remaining work was reduced by more than 70%．
2014, 44(09): 126-130.
Abstract:
Due to severe load conditions such as snow，typhoon and impact，many large-span membrane structures are damaged． It is necessary to research the health monitoring technology which is suitable for thin film structures． the monitoring requirements and technical difficulties of the structures are investigated based on the unique mechanical characteristics and construction technology． The film material-based sensors and passive wireless sensing technologies are studied and are used to establish the novel health monitoring system for large surface membrane structures． For the small tear of the structures appeared during the period of service，the latest research progresses of self-healing thin film materials were introduced，which could provide some experience for realizing self-healing functions and the intelligent structures．
Due to severe load conditions such as snow，typhoon and impact，many large-span membrane structures are damaged． It is necessary to research the health monitoring technology which is suitable for thin film structures． the monitoring requirements and technical difficulties of the structures are investigated based on the unique mechanical characteristics and construction technology． The film material-based sensors and passive wireless sensing technologies are studied and are used to establish the novel health monitoring system for large surface membrane structures． For the small tear of the structures appeared during the period of service，the latest research progresses of self-healing thin film materials were introduced，which could provide some experience for realizing self-healing functions and the intelligent structures．
2014, 44(09): 131-138.
Abstract:
In the steel structure design，the human comfort issues caused by vibration cannot be ignored． In China， the serviceability checking of steel structure is primarily focused on the structure drift under wind load; the human comfort issues are less focused． China's Code for Design of Steel Structure ( GB 50017—2003) also lacks of provisions for human comfort issues under wind load． According to this situation，this article first summarized domestic and foreign study results on human comfort，and described the factors that affect human comfort，and then introduced some other countries and regions’relevant specifications in the design code of steel structure，discussed some existing problems of the human comfort of building steel structure． Finally，the recommended human comfort thresholds of building steel structure under wind loads were given，which can provide reference for the code revision and for the application of construction．
In the steel structure design，the human comfort issues caused by vibration cannot be ignored． In China， the serviceability checking of steel structure is primarily focused on the structure drift under wind load; the human comfort issues are less focused． China's Code for Design of Steel Structure ( GB 50017—2003) also lacks of provisions for human comfort issues under wind load． According to this situation，this article first summarized domestic and foreign study results on human comfort，and described the factors that affect human comfort，and then introduced some other countries and regions’relevant specifications in the design code of steel structure，discussed some existing problems of the human comfort of building steel structure． Finally，the recommended human comfort thresholds of building steel structure under wind loads were given，which can provide reference for the code revision and for the application of construction．
2014, 44(09): 139-144.
Abstract:
The unique terminal of the Daocheng Yading Airport is very sensitive to the wind loads ，due to its high altitude location． A wind tunnel test was performed by employing a 1∶ 100 rigid pressure model，and three important coefficients of measured surface pressure points in twenty-four wind angles，i． e． ，shape coefficient，average wind pressure coefficient and displacement wind vibration coefficient，were obtained; and more，the rule of the wind-load parameters in the different wind angles were discussed in detail． The result demonstrates that in the arbitrary direction angle，average wind pressure coefficients in the most of structure regional are negative and the roof is subjected to the upward suction． In addition，the displacement wind vibration coefficients are stable，while only the head center areas' average wind load coefficient and displacement wind vibration coefficient are larger，which need to be checked with large wind pressure coefficient．
The unique terminal of the Daocheng Yading Airport is very sensitive to the wind loads ，due to its high altitude location． A wind tunnel test was performed by employing a 1∶ 100 rigid pressure model，and three important coefficients of measured surface pressure points in twenty-four wind angles，i． e． ，shape coefficient，average wind pressure coefficient and displacement wind vibration coefficient，were obtained; and more，the rule of the wind-load parameters in the different wind angles were discussed in detail． The result demonstrates that in the arbitrary direction angle，average wind pressure coefficients in the most of structure regional are negative and the roof is subjected to the upward suction． In addition，the displacement wind vibration coefficients are stable，while only the head center areas' average wind load coefficient and displacement wind vibration coefficient are larger，which need to be checked with large wind pressure coefficient．
2014, 44(09): 145-149.
Abstract:
Experimental research was done for a new-type wall system of light steel factory building． The research included the behavior of system without outer panel under wind uplift，and the behavior of system with outer panel under wind pressure． The details and process of the experiment were introduced，and through the experiment it was got the load-deformation curve and the load-stress curve，as well as the bearing capacity under both ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state． In contrast with the traditional wall system，the new-type wall system can meet the need of bearing capacity，and its insulation construction process is quite convenient．
Experimental research was done for a new-type wall system of light steel factory building． The research included the behavior of system without outer panel under wind uplift，and the behavior of system with outer panel under wind pressure． The details and process of the experiment were introduced，and through the experiment it was got the load-deformation curve and the load-stress curve，as well as the bearing capacity under both ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state． In contrast with the traditional wall system，the new-type wall system can meet the need of bearing capacity，and its insulation construction process is quite convenient．
2014, 44(09): 150-155.
Abstract:
In order to define the impact of weld on brittle fracture of side-plate reinforced joint，this paper studied the fracture criterion distribution features along different paths and analyzed rupture index characteristics according to the two models either with or without weld at the flange junctioning residual stress． Based on the above research，the results show that weld at the flange junction of beam and column residual stress has a certain influence on producing brittle fracture at the root of the joint．
In order to define the impact of weld on brittle fracture of side-plate reinforced joint，this paper studied the fracture criterion distribution features along different paths and analyzed rupture index characteristics according to the two models either with or without weld at the flange junctioning residual stress． Based on the above research，the results show that weld at the flange junction of beam and column residual stress has a certain influence on producing brittle fracture at the root of the joint．
2014, 44(09): 156-161.
Abstract:
In the main power house structures of the thermal power plant with SＲC frame -ＲC scattered shear wall ， there are plenty of abnormal joints between steel reinforced concrete column and reinforced concrete beam． These joints belong to the type of abnormal joints with cross-section mutation column，beams on either side of the column being not on the same level and staggered floor，and low-cycle reversed loading experiments were carried out for the abnormal joints to research their failure mechanism and mechanical behavior． The results indicate that the failure process of the joints experienced four stages of initial crack，entire crack，limited crack and failure． Finally，these joints were failed by the destruction of column end plastic hinge． Steel reinforced concrete structure members have better late deformation and bearing capacity than ordinary reinforced concrete structural members under strong earthquake． The stress mechanism of these abnormal joints could be explained by compression strut mode and steel truss mode．
In the main power house structures of the thermal power plant with SＲC frame -ＲC scattered shear wall ， there are plenty of abnormal joints between steel reinforced concrete column and reinforced concrete beam． These joints belong to the type of abnormal joints with cross-section mutation column，beams on either side of the column being not on the same level and staggered floor，and low-cycle reversed loading experiments were carried out for the abnormal joints to research their failure mechanism and mechanical behavior． The results indicate that the failure process of the joints experienced four stages of initial crack，entire crack，limited crack and failure． Finally，these joints were failed by the destruction of column end plastic hinge． Steel reinforced concrete structure members have better late deformation and bearing capacity than ordinary reinforced concrete structural members under strong earthquake． The stress mechanism of these abnormal joints could be explained by compression strut mode and steel truss mode．
2014, 44(09): 162-165.
Abstract:
A bridge strengthened with prestressed CFRP plates was observed，and the stress loss of the prestressed CFRP plate caused by temperature difference was analyzed，fit the calculation formula of strain difference and temperature difference was also fit based on a large amount of data，and then it was put forward practical suggestions according to the results of the analysis．
A bridge strengthened with prestressed CFRP plates was observed，and the stress loss of the prestressed CFRP plate caused by temperature difference was analyzed，fit the calculation formula of strain difference and temperature difference was also fit based on a large amount of data，and then it was put forward practical suggestions according to the results of the analysis．
2014, 44(09): 166-171.
Abstract:
An excellent historic building has been used for 80 years，there are damages and obvious structural aging， which need to be reinforced and renovated． The field testing and seismic qualification were done for the original building，whose results could basically meet the requirements of the current norms in China． Based on the actual situation that the original structural steel members were corroded，protection layer falled off and resistance to lateral force was insufficient ，it was developed a reinforcement design scheme，and proposed the measures of adding shearwall and reinforcing its base，sticking steel plate outside and affixing carbon fabric to reinforce the original steel beams and columns． Then checking was carried out for seismic analysis of the reinforced structure the settlement observation was done during construction，the reform effect was excellent．
An excellent historic building has been used for 80 years，there are damages and obvious structural aging， which need to be reinforced and renovated． The field testing and seismic qualification were done for the original building，whose results could basically meet the requirements of the current norms in China． Based on the actual situation that the original structural steel members were corroded，protection layer falled off and resistance to lateral force was insufficient ，it was developed a reinforcement design scheme，and proposed the measures of adding shearwall and reinforcing its base，sticking steel plate outside and affixing carbon fabric to reinforce the original steel beams and columns． Then checking was carried out for seismic analysis of the reinforced structure the settlement observation was done during construction，the reform effect was excellent．
2014, 44(09): 172-176.
Abstract:
At present，China is undergoing a key period of urbanization development． How to choose a healthy development path of urbanization which suits China’s actual conditions is the number one priority before us． We must learn from the experience and lessons that have been proved in the process of urbanization development of developed countries，and by taking account of the Chinese realities a Chinese style model should be found out through combining distinct Chinese characteristics with basic law of world urbanization development．
At present，China is undergoing a key period of urbanization development． How to choose a healthy development path of urbanization which suits China’s actual conditions is the number one priority before us． We must learn from the experience and lessons that have been proved in the process of urbanization development of developed countries，and by taking account of the Chinese realities a Chinese style model should be found out through combining distinct Chinese characteristics with basic law of world urbanization development．
