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2007 Vol. 37, No. 4
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2007, 37(4): 1-5.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704001
Abstract:
On anti floating design of buildings, a reasonable determined method of groundwater buoyancy and the value of anti floating design load factors are discussed, The common methods of anti floating are systematically evaluated. The relevant technical aspects of the anti floating pile design are studied, the latest developments and applications of the anti floating anchor technology are introduced.
On anti floating design of buildings, a reasonable determined method of groundwater buoyancy and the value of anti floating design load factors are discussed, The common methods of anti floating are systematically evaluated. The relevant technical aspects of the anti floating pile design are studied, the latest developments and applications of the anti floating anchor technology are introduced.
2007, 37(4): 6-8.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704002
Abstract:
The usage of long helix driller in sand cobble layer is proved difficult and even impossible and need other methods to complete in some cases because the cobble is higher in density and bigger in diameter. With the improved driller and drilling technology, the compacted drilling technology discussed here is a testified successful way for sand cobble layer, the problem is solved, the efficiency is improved and the cost is saved.
The usage of long helix driller in sand cobble layer is proved difficult and even impossible and need other methods to complete in some cases because the cobble is higher in density and bigger in diameter. With the improved driller and drilling technology, the compacted drilling technology discussed here is a testified successful way for sand cobble layer, the problem is solved, the efficiency is improved and the cost is saved.
2007, 37(4): 9-12.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704003
Abstract:
Through comparing the advantages with disadvantages between normal tension anchor and compression dispersive anchor and test in project site, it can be seen that compression dispersive anchor is of much more significant characteristics including higher bearing capacity and good economy and better adaptability. At the same time, the reasons impacting on the bearing capacity of compression dispersive anchor and how to control them also be pointed out, which provides a guidance to the practice of compression dispersive anchor in ex cavation supporting engineering.
Through comparing the advantages with disadvantages between normal tension anchor and compression dispersive anchor and test in project site, it can be seen that compression dispersive anchor is of much more significant characteristics including higher bearing capacity and good economy and better adaptability. At the same time, the reasons impacting on the bearing capacity of compression dispersive anchor and how to control them also be pointed out, which provides a guidance to the practice of compression dispersive anchor in ex cavation supporting engineering.
2007, 37(4): 13-15.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704004
Abstract:
:Pumping tubular well commonly used in dewatering of deep excavations in Beijing often leads to unequal settlement of surrounding buildings, roads and underground pipelines because the fine granule of soil is taken out when pumping, which leads to waste of the groundwater resource in Beijing.By use of hydraulic gradient principle, integrated pumping and seeping method is to make upper sluggish water and underground water get to sand cobble layer whose permeability coefficient is bigger to avoid the come out of fine granule of soil during pumping and the waste of groundwater resource.
:Pumping tubular well commonly used in dewatering of deep excavations in Beijing often leads to unequal settlement of surrounding buildings, roads and underground pipelines because the fine granule of soil is taken out when pumping, which leads to waste of the groundwater resource in Beijing.By use of hydraulic gradient principle, integrated pumping and seeping method is to make upper sluggish water and underground water get to sand cobble layer whose permeability coefficient is bigger to avoid the come out of fine granule of soil during pumping and the waste of groundwater resource.
2007, 37(4): 16-18.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704005
Abstract:
Generally, in pile anchor supporting system, the middle beam of pre stressed anchor is installed outside, that is a profile steel middle beam or a reinforced concrete middle beam is installed in the outside of guard piles. It is found this kind of middle beam brings more difficulties on setting up retaining wall and influences the waterproof of outer wall when the construction space is limited. The embedded profile steel middle beam introduced here avoids such negative effect, and decreases the project cost simultaneously.
Generally, in pile anchor supporting system, the middle beam of pre stressed anchor is installed outside, that is a profile steel middle beam or a reinforced concrete middle beam is installed in the outside of guard piles. It is found this kind of middle beam brings more difficulties on setting up retaining wall and influences the waterproof of outer wall when the construction space is limited. The embedded profile steel middle beam introduced here avoids such negative effect, and decreases the project cost simultaneously.
2007, 37(4): 19-21.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704006
Abstract:
It is described through specific project examples that using two methods of composite foundation to treat one foundation, i. e. the combination of soi-l cement mixing pile and CGF pile; whose aim is to find out a reasonable strengthening method to stabilize a nonuniform foundation, so as to make the treated foundation meet the requirements of design and use.
It is described through specific project examples that using two methods of composite foundation to treat one foundation, i. e. the combination of soi-l cement mixing pile and CGF pile; whose aim is to find out a reasonable strengthening method to stabilize a nonuniform foundation, so as to make the treated foundation meet the requirements of design and use.
2007, 37(4): 22-24.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704007
Abstract:
:In pile static load test, effectual isolation method must be adopted to wipe off the unemployed segment pile shaft resistance in order to get the bearing characteristics of a single pile at the actual working elevation, when there is a relatively long unemployed pile segment.It is illustrated with an engineering test example in Beijing that double steel casing method is an efficient way to wipe off the unemployed segment pile shaft resistance.Farther, by comparing the tested result of thework pile, it shows that there will be a risk in directly applying the test result data in project, and the effect of overburden on the test results should be considered in pile foundation design
:In pile static load test, effectual isolation method must be adopted to wipe off the unemployed segment pile shaft resistance in order to get the bearing characteristics of a single pile at the actual working elevation, when there is a relatively long unemployed pile segment.It is illustrated with an engineering test example in Beijing that double steel casing method is an efficient way to wipe off the unemployed segment pile shaft resistance.Farther, by comparing the tested result of thework pile, it shows that there will be a risk in directly applying the test result data in project, and the effect of overburden on the test results should be considered in pile foundation design
2007, 37(4): 25-27.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704008
Abstract:
It is studied the early architects'research on the low_income people's housing in the process of urbanization in developed countries.Through analyzing the developing course of the design of low_i ncome people's public housings, it is expected that the theorectical basis and practice experience will be provided for solving the comples problem in China.
It is studied the early architects'research on the low_income people's housing in the process of urbanization in developed countries.Through analyzing the developing course of the design of low_i ncome people's public housings, it is expected that the theorectical basis and practice experience will be provided for solving the comples problem in China.
2007, 37(4): 28-31.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704009
Abstract:
Confronted with the energy crisis and the deteriorated environment, sustainable architectures should be carried out under the guidance of the sustainable development concept, supported by the government policy, sustainable architectures need further technology, and reflect the region character, we should settle the existing problems to create the harmony between human being and the nature and to improve the living standard of people.
Confronted with the energy crisis and the deteriorated environment, sustainable architectures should be carried out under the guidance of the sustainable development concept, supported by the government policy, sustainable architectures need further technology, and reflect the region character, we should settle the existing problems to create the harmony between human being and the nature and to improve the living standard of people.
2007, 37(4): 32-36.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704010
Abstract:
In comparison to controlled concrete, crumb rubber concrete (CRC)exhibits a higher value of strain energy.It is presented a bending analysis of a reinforced beam made with CRC as well as controlled concrete of C-50 and under.It is found that the maximum loading capacity of CRC beam can be expressed by the variable of strain energy in place of the quantity of 28 day maximum concrete compressive strength, which may be used in the current beam design.
In comparison to controlled concrete, crumb rubber concrete (CRC)exhibits a higher value of strain energy.It is presented a bending analysis of a reinforced beam made with CRC as well as controlled concrete of C-50 and under.It is found that the maximum loading capacity of CRC beam can be expressed by the variable of strain energy in place of the quantity of 28 day maximum concrete compressive strength, which may be used in the current beam design.
2007, 37(4): 37-41.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704011
Abstract:
After measuring and analyzing the experimental data of sixteen full_scale simple reinforced concrete ( RC) beams, the temperature distribution on the section is obtained, the generalities of mechanical performance and deformation of members are concluded, the influences of heating time and reinforcement ratio are investigated. The residual bearing capacity of members after elevated temperature is the basis for the restoration and reinforcement. Through experiment, it is explored that the influences of heauing time, reinforcement ratio and different methods of cooling on the mechanical performance of members after elevated temperature. It offers a basis and methods for the analysis of fire resistance of concrete structures.
After measuring and analyzing the experimental data of sixteen full_scale simple reinforced concrete ( RC) beams, the temperature distribution on the section is obtained, the generalities of mechanical performance and deformation of members are concluded, the influences of heating time and reinforcement ratio are investigated. The residual bearing capacity of members after elevated temperature is the basis for the restoration and reinforcement. Through experiment, it is explored that the influences of heauing time, reinforcement ratio and different methods of cooling on the mechanical performance of members after elevated temperature. It offers a basis and methods for the analysis of fire resistance of concrete structures.
2007, 37(4): 42-44.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704012
Abstract:
CFRP( carbon fiber reinforced polymer) is integrated with concrete filled steel tubes structure and a theoretical analysis is carried out for the load carrying capacities of the axially compressed concrete filld CFRP_steel tube; the ultimate bearing capacity of concrete filled CFRP_steel tube is gotten after the steel tube is plastic with the theory of Hencky. s plasticity. The equation is derived for estimating the bearing capacities of the system in the case of CFRP_sheet breaks; the experimental data are compared with the analytic results.
CFRP( carbon fiber reinforced polymer) is integrated with concrete filled steel tubes structure and a theoretical analysis is carried out for the load carrying capacities of the axially compressed concrete filld CFRP_steel tube; the ultimate bearing capacity of concrete filled CFRP_steel tube is gotten after the steel tube is plastic with the theory of Hencky. s plasticity. The equation is derived for estimating the bearing capacities of the system in the case of CFRP_sheet breaks; the experimental data are compared with the analytic results.
2007, 37(4): 45-47.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704013
Abstract:
The concrete carbonation, steel bar corrosion and concrete cover cracking are the main factors deteriorating the reinforced concrete structure. Based on finite element simulation and experimental study of corroded reinforced concrete flexural members, an analysis approach and calculation models for flexural and shear strength of corroded reinforced concrete flexural member are proposed. The varying character and rule of flexural and shear strength for corroded reinforced concrete flexural member are given by an example.
The concrete carbonation, steel bar corrosion and concrete cover cracking are the main factors deteriorating the reinforced concrete structure. Based on finite element simulation and experimental study of corroded reinforced concrete flexural members, an analysis approach and calculation models for flexural and shear strength of corroded reinforced concrete flexural member are proposed. The varying character and rule of flexural and shear strength for corroded reinforced concrete flexural member are given by an example.
2007, 37(4): 48-51.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704014
Abstract:
It is analysed that the reasons leading to penetrating of plastic concrete and it is pointed out that it is more reasonable to evaluate the impermeability by relative permeability coefficient than by impermeability grade. Meanwhile, the method of relative permeability coefficient is given. The influence rule of each factor on the permeability of plastic concrete was drawn on the basis of plenty of experiments on influence factors of plastic concrete. s impermeability.
It is analysed that the reasons leading to penetrating of plastic concrete and it is pointed out that it is more reasonable to evaluate the impermeability by relative permeability coefficient than by impermeability grade. Meanwhile, the method of relative permeability coefficient is given. The influence rule of each factor on the permeability of plastic concrete was drawn on the basis of plenty of experiments on influence factors of plastic concrete. s impermeability.
2007, 37(4): 52-55.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704015
Abstract:
The technology of strengthening concrete structure with carbon fiber reinforced polymer ( CFRP) is one kind of emerging and high_technology reinforcement methods, as compared to traditional reinforcement methods it has obvious technical superiorities. But the quality of adhesives for CFRP is one of key fators that influence the widespread of CFRP.This topic used the epoxy resin as a primary stick and used the nitrile rubber as a plasticizing material and other materials,finally the adhesives for CFRP which conform to the technical idexes of CECS 146: 2003, are developed, which have good resistances to fatigue and ageing.
The technology of strengthening concrete structure with carbon fiber reinforced polymer ( CFRP) is one kind of emerging and high_technology reinforcement methods, as compared to traditional reinforcement methods it has obvious technical superiorities. But the quality of adhesives for CFRP is one of key fators that influence the widespread of CFRP.This topic used the epoxy resin as a primary stick and used the nitrile rubber as a plasticizing material and other materials,finally the adhesives for CFRP which conform to the technical idexes of CECS 146: 2003, are developed, which have good resistances to fatigue and ageing.
2007, 37(4): 56-59.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704016
Abstract:
Suspendome is a prestressed steel structure that is mixed rigidity and flex ibility. There are few actual structure and construction experience, so the analysis of construction process of a suspendome becomes increasingly important. Based on the non_linear finite element theory, differentiating initial prestress satate and zero state of suspendome, it is pointed out that the construction of suspendome is a sequence process from zero state to initial state. The release tension method can be used to simulate and analyse the construction process. By analyzing 2008 Olympic Games badminton gymnasium, the conditions of construction site are considered and tensile sequence of lower cable_strut is also decided, that all course analysis of the construction is simulated.
Suspendome is a prestressed steel structure that is mixed rigidity and flex ibility. There are few actual structure and construction experience, so the analysis of construction process of a suspendome becomes increasingly important. Based on the non_linear finite element theory, differentiating initial prestress satate and zero state of suspendome, it is pointed out that the construction of suspendome is a sequence process from zero state to initial state. The release tension method can be used to simulate and analyse the construction process. By analyzing 2008 Olympic Games badminton gymnasium, the conditions of construction site are considered and tensile sequence of lower cable_strut is also decided, that all course analysis of the construction is simulated.
2007, 37(4): 60-64.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704017
Abstract:
The development history and basic theory of state space method are introduced, which is contained by modern control theory briefly. The research achievement and science trends of the state space theory are reviewed, which were applied in structure, municipal admimstration, road bridge, water conservancy etc. in big civil engineering for more than ten years in the past. The basic idea and application are expounded for the combination of state space method with variational method, finite element method, spline finite element method and some other methods.
The development history and basic theory of state space method are introduced, which is contained by modern control theory briefly. The research achievement and science trends of the state space theory are reviewed, which were applied in structure, municipal admimstration, road bridge, water conservancy etc. in big civil engineering for more than ten years in the past. The basic idea and application are expounded for the combination of state space method with variational method, finite element method, spline finite element method and some other methods.
2007, 37(4): 65-68.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704018
Abstract:
Large steel storage tanks constructed in soft foundations are susceptible to various types of settlement deflections, and the differential settlement beneath the tank wall leads to the most serious consequence for the tank. Based on a great deal of measured data for the settlements of various types of in site large tanks, the composition and characteristics of the differential settlement beneath the tank wall are analyzed using Fourier decomposition. The derived harmonic settlements are then introduced in finite element analyses of the tank structure. It has been shown that the stresses and deformations in the tank under differential settlements are dependent on its geometric parameters. Thus current empirical criteria for allowable deformation of foundation that is independent of geometric parameters seems unreasonable viewed from the structural perspective.
Large steel storage tanks constructed in soft foundations are susceptible to various types of settlement deflections, and the differential settlement beneath the tank wall leads to the most serious consequence for the tank. Based on a great deal of measured data for the settlements of various types of in site large tanks, the composition and characteristics of the differential settlement beneath the tank wall are analyzed using Fourier decomposition. The derived harmonic settlements are then introduced in finite element analyses of the tank structure. It has been shown that the stresses and deformations in the tank under differential settlements are dependent on its geometric parameters. Thus current empirical criteria for allowable deformation of foundation that is independent of geometric parameters seems unreasonable viewed from the structural perspective.
2007, 37(4): 69-72.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704019
Abstract:
A comprehensive parametric analysis of stability behaviours of K8 single-layer latticed domes with various geometric parameters ( span, rise-span ratio, member cross-section, etc. ) has been carried out based upon accurate nonlinear complete-process analysis. More than 1200 ex amples of real latticed domes are analyzed. In addition, the effect of material nonlinearity, initial imperfections and possible unsymmetrical action of loads are studied systematically. Based upon these results, the critical loads are obtained, the behaviours of elasto-plastic stability are concluded and practical formulas for predicting critical loads of latticed dome structures, which considering only geometrical nonlinear, are revised.
A comprehensive parametric analysis of stability behaviours of K8 single-layer latticed domes with various geometric parameters ( span, rise-span ratio, member cross-section, etc. ) has been carried out based upon accurate nonlinear complete-process analysis. More than 1200 ex amples of real latticed domes are analyzed. In addition, the effect of material nonlinearity, initial imperfections and possible unsymmetrical action of loads are studied systematically. Based upon these results, the critical loads are obtained, the behaviours of elasto-plastic stability are concluded and practical formulas for predicting critical loads of latticed dome structures, which considering only geometrical nonlinear, are revised.
2007, 37(4): 73-76.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704020
Abstract:
According to the static and stable characteristics of cable-supported lattice shells, from the view of engineering application, based on geometrical nonlinearity, study has been made on section optimization under determined cable forces by means of improved two-level optimization method for discrete variables.Not only with stress and section size constraints it can be directly calculated, but also with stability and displacement constraints can it be dealt with by this method for the structural optimum design with discrete variables.Finally one example is analyzed, and the result shows that the presented method is accurate and efficient.
According to the static and stable characteristics of cable-supported lattice shells, from the view of engineering application, based on geometrical nonlinearity, study has been made on section optimization under determined cable forces by means of improved two-level optimization method for discrete variables.Not only with stress and section size constraints it can be directly calculated, but also with stability and displacement constraints can it be dealt with by this method for the structural optimum design with discrete variables.Finally one example is analyzed, and the result shows that the presented method is accurate and efficient.
2007, 37(4): 77-80.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704021
Abstract:
Double skin element is formed from two steel skins connected to an infill of concrete with welded stud connectors. It has high strength and ductility. Avoiding the problem of crack, it is convenient for construction. This kind of structure can be used as slabs, beams, columns, walls and tunnels, offshore structures. Based on researches by H. D. Wright and other researchers, recommended design procedures similar with procedures of steel and concrete structure were published by The Steel Construction Institute, UK in 1990s. The structure has been successfully used by Corus in many cases, and is particularly suited to applications where a combination of high strength and construction speed are required.
Double skin element is formed from two steel skins connected to an infill of concrete with welded stud connectors. It has high strength and ductility. Avoiding the problem of crack, it is convenient for construction. This kind of structure can be used as slabs, beams, columns, walls and tunnels, offshore structures. Based on researches by H. D. Wright and other researchers, recommended design procedures similar with procedures of steel and concrete structure were published by The Steel Construction Institute, UK in 1990s. The structure has been successfully used by Corus in many cases, and is particularly suited to applications where a combination of high strength and construction speed are required.
2007, 37(4): 81-83.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704022
Abstract:
It is analyzed and proposed the nine flexural failure modes and the conditions of their mutual transformation, which may occur in RC beams strengthened with CFRP sheets. On the basis of which the bearing capacities of the strengthened beams with common failure modes are also given, and the conclusions are verified by the test data from literatures.
It is analyzed and proposed the nine flexural failure modes and the conditions of their mutual transformation, which may occur in RC beams strengthened with CFRP sheets. On the basis of which the bearing capacities of the strengthened beams with common failure modes are also given, and the conclusions are verified by the test data from literatures.
2007, 37(4): 84-87.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704023
Abstract:
Based on analyzing the reason of the settlement and slope of transshipment gallery in coalmine, numerical simulation was firstly used in analyzing the damage of the building and comprehensive uplifting underpinned piles under column foundation and intercepting brace columns. With analyzing structural function, rotating axis, the intercepting position of column, loading point layout and the decision of load and displacement value were stated. Numerical simulation method was used to prove it. Expected targets were achieved in post construction and good effect of treating the specific structure was obtained.
Based on analyzing the reason of the settlement and slope of transshipment gallery in coalmine, numerical simulation was firstly used in analyzing the damage of the building and comprehensive uplifting underpinned piles under column foundation and intercepting brace columns. With analyzing structural function, rotating axis, the intercepting position of column, loading point layout and the decision of load and displacement value were stated. Numerical simulation method was used to prove it. Expected targets were achieved in post construction and good effect of treating the specific structure was obtained.
2007, 37(4): 88-90.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704024
Abstract:
The Chinese market of building strengthening is growing with the development of economy and the progress in society.Many technologies of building strengthening have been applied widely.The working mechanism, characteristics and application scope of some typical technologies of building strengthening are systemically discussed, such as structure member strengthened with reinforced concrete, structure member strengthened with changing system under stress, structure member strengthened with externally applied prestressing, structure member strengthened with externally bonded reinforced materials, etc.On the basis of which, the characteristics of the technologies are compared, and the method of technological and economic analysis for choosing proper building strengthening schemes is illustrated.
The Chinese market of building strengthening is growing with the development of economy and the progress in society.Many technologies of building strengthening have been applied widely.The working mechanism, characteristics and application scope of some typical technologies of building strengthening are systemically discussed, such as structure member strengthened with reinforced concrete, structure member strengthened with changing system under stress, structure member strengthened with externally applied prestressing, structure member strengthened with externally bonded reinforced materials, etc.On the basis of which, the characteristics of the technologies are compared, and the method of technological and economic analysis for choosing proper building strengthening schemes is illustrated.
2007, 37(4): 91-93.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704025
Abstract:
A new style of prestressed concrete hollow floor and its economic indexes are introduced. The structure system of the floor is a prestressed beam system with I-sections, which can span large space, the ratio of the hollow core has reached 70%, and the economic span has reached 24m. The floor has advantage of clear mechanics, smooth surfaces, lower cost, simple design method and easy construction, so it is an ideal style of large span floor system.
A new style of prestressed concrete hollow floor and its economic indexes are introduced. The structure system of the floor is a prestressed beam system with I-sections, which can span large space, the ratio of the hollow core has reached 70%, and the economic span has reached 24m. The floor has advantage of clear mechanics, smooth surfaces, lower cost, simple design method and easy construction, so it is an ideal style of large span floor system.
2007, 37(4): 94-95.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704026
Abstract:
It is introduced that the general thinking and contents of the fireproof design of common steel mill buildings in modern industrial architectures based on engineering ex amples.
It is introduced that the general thinking and contents of the fireproof design of common steel mill buildings in modern industrial architectures based on engineering ex amples.
2007, 37(4): 96-98.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704027
Abstract:
It is analysed the node. s design and account of local compression of pre-stressed concrete frame combining an engineering ex ample, and is descibed the determination of anchor end position, the choice of anchorages, the design of the node of the structures and the ex isting problem of the construction. At the same time, it is also put forward the methods to optimize the design and the measures for the construction.
It is analysed the node. s design and account of local compression of pre-stressed concrete frame combining an engineering ex ample, and is descibed the determination of anchor end position, the choice of anchorages, the design of the node of the structures and the ex isting problem of the construction. At the same time, it is also put forward the methods to optimize the design and the measures for the construction.
2007, 37(4): 99-102.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704028
Abstract:
It is given a review of the structural design of the reinforced concrete single layer cylinder lattice shell of the workshop of Beijing Hongye Wine Co., Ltd., including the alternative schemes of structure analysis and selection, the detail constructions in design. It can be referred by similar structure designs.
It is given a review of the structural design of the reinforced concrete single layer cylinder lattice shell of the workshop of Beijing Hongye Wine Co., Ltd., including the alternative schemes of structure analysis and selection, the detail constructions in design. It can be referred by similar structure designs.
2007, 37(4): 103-105.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704029
Abstract:
By reviewing Tongli Master Plan 2002-2020 in Wujiang City, Jiangsu Province and academic researches on preservation and planning of old canal town in southeast China, and combing a survey in local area by domestic experts, it is intended to find out a balance point between preservation and development of old canal towns.
By reviewing Tongli Master Plan 2002-2020 in Wujiang City, Jiangsu Province and academic researches on preservation and planning of old canal town in southeast China, and combing a survey in local area by domestic experts, it is intended to find out a balance point between preservation and development of old canal towns.
2007, 37(4): 106-108.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200704030
Abstract:
There are differences in the aesthetic standards, use of building materials and spatial treatment means etc of the Chinese and Western traditional architectures due to different humanistic factors, social environments and natural conditions. It is very important today to comprehend and analyze the differences in these aesthetic standards.
There are differences in the aesthetic standards, use of building materials and spatial treatment means etc of the Chinese and Western traditional architectures due to different humanistic factors, social environments and natural conditions. It is very important today to comprehend and analyze the differences in these aesthetic standards.
