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2005 Vol. 35, No. 2
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2005, 35(2): 1-5,43.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502001
Abstract:
The supporting system for single-layer cable net is a new style of flexible supporting systems of point-supported glass curtain wall, which has been accepted and favored by architects in virtue of light-weight, elegant appearance and excellent transparency etc, and it has wide applications.However, its designing is different from other common structures due to the induction of cables and rods, and its pretension and geometric nonlinear properties must be considered, in addition to satisfying requirements of structural strength, stiffness and deformation. The characteristics of this kind of supporting systems under forces, research status and problems emerging at present are reviewed, combined with its engineering applications both at home and abroad. Meanwhile, some problems existing in its design and during construction are also discussed herein.
The supporting system for single-layer cable net is a new style of flexible supporting systems of point-supported glass curtain wall, which has been accepted and favored by architects in virtue of light-weight, elegant appearance and excellent transparency etc, and it has wide applications.However, its designing is different from other common structures due to the induction of cables and rods, and its pretension and geometric nonlinear properties must be considered, in addition to satisfying requirements of structural strength, stiffness and deformation. The characteristics of this kind of supporting systems under forces, research status and problems emerging at present are reviewed, combined with its engineering applications both at home and abroad. Meanwhile, some problems existing in its design and during construction are also discussed herein.
2005, 35(2): 6-10.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502002
Abstract:
The load bearing glass structure gets more and more widely used in modern building as unattached structural form.This paper describes the general situation of load bearing glass structures engineering application,classifies the load bearing glass structure,enumerates some methods of design and calculation of this kind of structure,and emphasizes difficult problems needed to study and solve afterward.
The load bearing glass structure gets more and more widely used in modern building as unattached structural form.This paper describes the general situation of load bearing glass structures engineering application,classifies the load bearing glass structure,enumerates some methods of design and calculation of this kind of structure,and emphasizes difficult problems needed to study and solve afterward.
2005, 35(2): 11-15.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502003
Abstract:
Despite the extensive use of overlap-connected glass curtain wall in recent years,its theoretical research lags behind the engineering application.This paper analyses the capacity of glass curtain wall through the study on configuration of ordinary glass curtain wall joints and suggests several corresponding practical cases.Finally,the capacity performances of various glass panels are compared by virtue of FEA program ANSYS;meanwhile urgent theoretical questions are also proposed.
Despite the extensive use of overlap-connected glass curtain wall in recent years,its theoretical research lags behind the engineering application.This paper analyses the capacity of glass curtain wall through the study on configuration of ordinary glass curtain wall joints and suggests several corresponding practical cases.Finally,the capacity performances of various glass panels are compared by virtue of FEA program ANSYS;meanwhile urgent theoretical questions are also proposed.
2005, 35(2): 16-19,35.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502004
Abstract:
Point-supported glass buildings have gained increasingly wide use in China in recent years.Howerver,design formula for carrying capacities of metal connectors have not been forwarded.Besides,experimental and FEA research also indicate that connectors have great safety margins relative to glass boards so that optimization can be made.In this paper,Simplified design methods of connectors under main stress status are given based on theoretical,experimental and FEA analysis.Optimization methods are also given.
Point-supported glass buildings have gained increasingly wide use in China in recent years.Howerver,design formula for carrying capacities of metal connectors have not been forwarded.Besides,experimental and FEA research also indicate that connectors have great safety margins relative to glass boards so that optimization can be made.In this paper,Simplified design methods of connectors under main stress status are given based on theoretical,experimental and FEA analysis.Optimization methods are also given.
2005, 35(2): 20-22,15.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502005
Abstract:
This paper analyzes and introduces the point supported mid-hollow glass's loading property concisely, and provides the general finite element modeling process. The finite element calculations agree well with the experimental results. The gas layercs thicknesses, outer and inner panelsc thickness, distance from the supported point to the edge have been taken into account to analyze the deformation property of the mid- hollow glass. Some advices are also made for designs and calculations.
This paper analyzes and introduces the point supported mid-hollow glass's loading property concisely, and provides the general finite element modeling process. The finite element calculations agree well with the experimental results. The gas layercs thicknesses, outer and inner panelsc thickness, distance from the supported point to the edge have been taken into account to analyze the deformation property of the mid- hollow glass. Some advices are also made for designs and calculations.
2005, 35(2): 23-26.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502006
Abstract:
Based on the studies of self vibration of flexible support system for point supported glass curtain wall, this paper investigates its wind vibration response with ANSYS.The pulse wind load is determined and the time process curve of pulse wind load by AR method is simulated.The transient analysis of the support system is done with the time process curve.This paper also investigates the influence of concentrative qualities,prestressed tensile force of the cable and rise-to-span ratio of the system on the wind vibration response performance and the wind vibration factor of the system.
Based on the studies of self vibration of flexible support system for point supported glass curtain wall, this paper investigates its wind vibration response with ANSYS.The pulse wind load is determined and the time process curve of pulse wind load by AR method is simulated.The transient analysis of the support system is done with the time process curve.This paper also investigates the influence of concentrative qualities,prestressed tensile force of the cable and rise-to-span ratio of the system on the wind vibration response performance and the wind vibration factor of the system.
2005, 35(2): 27-28,46.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502007
Abstract:
Based on the studies of self vibration of flexible support system for point supported glass curtain wall,this paper investigates its earthquake response with ANSYS.This paper selects proper earthquake waves and analyzes the earthquake response of the flexible support system,including time process analysis and spectrum analysis and also investigates the influence of the earthquake on the load performance of the support system.
Based on the studies of self vibration of flexible support system for point supported glass curtain wall,this paper investigates its earthquake response with ANSYS.This paper selects proper earthquake waves and analyzes the earthquake response of the flexible support system,including time process analysis and spectrum analysis and also investigates the influence of the earthquake on the load performance of the support system.
2005, 35(2): 29-31,39.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502008
Abstract:
Flexible support system for point-supporting glass curtain wall is a new kind of system. It has been widely used for its fine transparence, light weight and flexible construction etc. Because of the influence of prestress and large deformation, there are many difficulties in the design of cable nets. Combined with the design of single-layer cable net and fish-bellied self-balance cable truss of Tucheng Telephone Exchange of Beijing, this paper gives the introduction to the design of flexible support system. This paper also discusses some important gists such as the carrying capacity of the flexible support system, the load cases for calculation and the protection equipment for over loading.
Flexible support system for point-supporting glass curtain wall is a new kind of system. It has been widely used for its fine transparence, light weight and flexible construction etc. Because of the influence of prestress and large deformation, there are many difficulties in the design of cable nets. Combined with the design of single-layer cable net and fish-bellied self-balance cable truss of Tucheng Telephone Exchange of Beijing, this paper gives the introduction to the design of flexible support system. This paper also discusses some important gists such as the carrying capacity of the flexible support system, the load cases for calculation and the protection equipment for over loading.
2005, 35(2): 32-35.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502009
Abstract:
With the introduction of prestress technology, the curtain structure is used widely for its large scale, light weight and fine transparence etc. Now the flexible support system including the cable nets has became the main structure of glass curtain. Referring to the design Scheme of single-layer cable nets of Beijing New Baoli Mansion by King Special Glass Engineering Co.Ltd, this article gives the analysis of the test model of complex single-layer cable nets with main and secondary cables by finite element analysis software. The authors also simulate the process of applied prestress of this test model and give some important references to the design and the construction of the real project.
With the introduction of prestress technology, the curtain structure is used widely for its large scale, light weight and fine transparence etc. Now the flexible support system including the cable nets has became the main structure of glass curtain. Referring to the design Scheme of single-layer cable nets of Beijing New Baoli Mansion by King Special Glass Engineering Co.Ltd, this article gives the analysis of the test model of complex single-layer cable nets with main and secondary cables by finite element analysis software. The authors also simulate the process of applied prestress of this test model and give some important references to the design and the construction of the real project.
2005, 35(2): 36-39.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502010
Abstract:
Based on the view of energy-saving of building, it is introduced that the actuality of energy-saving of building in China and the new methods and strategies used in western countries. By comparision, the difference between them and the direction of development in the future are also analyzed.
Based on the view of energy-saving of building, it is introduced that the actuality of energy-saving of building in China and the new methods and strategies used in western countries. By comparision, the difference between them and the direction of development in the future are also analyzed.
2005, 35(2): 40-43.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502011
Abstract:
Currently, the energy-saving techniques of buildings in China are in their infant stage. The energy consumption of buildings is materially high and the utilizing rate of energy is rather low. In South China,the heat radiated into the rooms through the roofs is much more compared with that radiated in through the walls in summer under the comprehensive action of sun radiation and temperature outside. Therefore, the energy-saving of the roofs is rather essential. This article elaborates some techniques concerned:inverted roof, roof garden, water storage roof, sloping roof and so on.
Currently, the energy-saving techniques of buildings in China are in their infant stage. The energy consumption of buildings is materially high and the utilizing rate of energy is rather low. In South China,the heat radiated into the rooms through the roofs is much more compared with that radiated in through the walls in summer under the comprehensive action of sun radiation and temperature outside. Therefore, the energy-saving of the roofs is rather essential. This article elaborates some techniques concerned:inverted roof, roof garden, water storage roof, sloping roof and so on.
2005, 35(2): 44-46.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502012
Abstract:
It was verified quantitatively and qualitatively through conducting subjective evaluation and environmental measurement of indoor thermal environment within existing residences that using a new FHP-Ve energy-saving system of enclosure for the residences in areas of being cold in wenter and being hot in summer can not only realize energy-saving, but also raise greatly winter indoor comfort.
It was verified quantitatively and qualitatively through conducting subjective evaluation and environmental measurement of indoor thermal environment within existing residences that using a new FHP-Ve energy-saving system of enclosure for the residences in areas of being cold in wenter and being hot in summer can not only realize energy-saving, but also raise greatly winter indoor comfort.
2005, 35(2): 47-49,63.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502013
Abstract:
In order to design irregular prestressed concrete floor, formulas of anisotropic finite element method to analyze the internal force of prestressed concrete hollow slab have been presented. At last, practical examples of cast-in-place prestressed concrete floors have been checked with the program Pres-Hift compiled with anisotropic shell finite element method to verify its necessity and feasibility.
In order to design irregular prestressed concrete floor, formulas of anisotropic finite element method to analyze the internal force of prestressed concrete hollow slab have been presented. At last, practical examples of cast-in-place prestressed concrete floors have been checked with the program Pres-Hift compiled with anisotropic shell finite element method to verify its necessity and feasibility.
2005, 35(2): 50-51,80.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502014
Abstract:
The reliability index reference value that is the targeted value to evaluate existing structures, reflects the reliability level implied in the current design criteria of our country that is acceptable for people. In the paper, the calculation methods reflecting on the reliability level implied in the current design criteria of our country is researched when the resistance varies with time.
The reliability index reference value that is the targeted value to evaluate existing structures, reflects the reliability level implied in the current design criteria of our country that is acceptable for people. In the paper, the calculation methods reflecting on the reliability level implied in the current design criteria of our country is researched when the resistance varies with time.
2005, 35(2): 52-56,26.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502015
Abstract:
The enforcement process and theoretical background of the forced uncoupling method, together with its meanings of mathematics and physics, are analyzed by introducing complex mode superposition formula for calculating seismic responses of non-classically damped linear system. Furthermore, the errors of the forced uncoupling method and the measures of improving its precision by using pseudo-force iteration method based on real modes are discussed. The researchful results not only contribute to comprehend deeply essential of this method, but also make for discussing its scope of application and methodology of error control.
The enforcement process and theoretical background of the forced uncoupling method, together with its meanings of mathematics and physics, are analyzed by introducing complex mode superposition formula for calculating seismic responses of non-classically damped linear system. Furthermore, the errors of the forced uncoupling method and the measures of improving its precision by using pseudo-force iteration method based on real modes are discussed. The researchful results not only contribute to comprehend deeply essential of this method, but also make for discussing its scope of application and methodology of error control.
2005, 35(2): 57-59,68.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502016
Abstract:
In practical design of an allotype high-tower, the conception of optimum design was introduced. And method of search-rule was used in the structural optimum design.Based on ANSYS, which is a finite-element method software, APDL (Ansys parametric design language) was extended to form an optimization program. The results have showed that this optimum program can not only lighten the weight of the structure, save material, simplify construction, but also remarkably improve the forced condition of the structure at the same time.
In practical design of an allotype high-tower, the conception of optimum design was introduced. And method of search-rule was used in the structural optimum design.Based on ANSYS, which is a finite-element method software, APDL (Ansys parametric design language) was extended to form an optimization program. The results have showed that this optimum program can not only lighten the weight of the structure, save material, simplify construction, but also remarkably improve the forced condition of the structure at the same time.
2005, 35(2): 60-63.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502017
Abstract:
This article adopts the finite-element method to analyze, in a three dimensional way, the deformation behaviour of the single pile of the composite foundation under the effect of horizontal loading.Through the numerical analysis, the distribution rules of the horizontal displacement of the axis of the pile are got;and the position where the fracture of the pile may most probably appear is found.
This article adopts the finite-element method to analyze, in a three dimensional way, the deformation behaviour of the single pile of the composite foundation under the effect of horizontal loading.Through the numerical analysis, the distribution rules of the horizontal displacement of the axis of the pile are got;and the position where the fracture of the pile may most probably appear is found.
2005, 35(2): 64-68.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502018
Abstract:
Based on two projects and two hundred and sixty six static pressed piles with different section and different length,the relationship between the final driving force and the ultimate bearing capacity of pile and that between the recovering pressure and the driving depth of pile are discussed.Also, an approximation to estimating the pile driving resistance is put forward.
Based on two projects and two hundred and sixty six static pressed piles with different section and different length,the relationship between the final driving force and the ultimate bearing capacity of pile and that between the recovering pressure and the driving depth of pile are discussed.Also, an approximation to estimating the pile driving resistance is put forward.
2005, 35(2): 69-72,76.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502019
Abstract:
Based on glide surface presumed by Terzaghi,plane strain-stress state of ground soil cell is analyzed and SMP criterion and transformed stress space are also introduced.According to the above,the ratio of semidiameter of strength envelope to average semidiameter of deviator stress in the transformed stress space with the equal mean stress is defined as the generalized strength safety factor.The relationship between foundation bearing capacity safety factor and that of generalized strength safety is also explained by geotechnical engineering practice.
Based on glide surface presumed by Terzaghi,plane strain-stress state of ground soil cell is analyzed and SMP criterion and transformed stress space are also introduced.According to the above,the ratio of semidiameter of strength envelope to average semidiameter of deviator stress in the transformed stress space with the equal mean stress is defined as the generalized strength safety factor.The relationship between foundation bearing capacity safety factor and that of generalized strength safety is also explained by geotechnical engineering practice.
2005, 35(2): 73-76.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502020
Abstract:
A new type wallboard with excellences including light weight and energy conservation etc is presented. A complex wall-beam-column structure which can be made by the wallboard can conquer some objection of brickwork structure. Eight specimens were investigated only on axially compressed behavior. The examined factors include failure mode, ultimate loading capacity and deformation under eccentrically compressed loading. The experimental results show that the wallboards have high ultimate loading capacity and can be used in complex wall-beam-column structural system.
A new type wallboard with excellences including light weight and energy conservation etc is presented. A complex wall-beam-column structure which can be made by the wallboard can conquer some objection of brickwork structure. Eight specimens were investigated only on axially compressed behavior. The examined factors include failure mode, ultimate loading capacity and deformation under eccentrically compressed loading. The experimental results show that the wallboards have high ultimate loading capacity and can be used in complex wall-beam-column structural system.
2005, 35(2): 77-80.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502021
Abstract:
Concrete expansion test was conducted under the actions of sodium chloride and alkali-aggregate reaction,whose aim was to study the rule of alkali-aggregate reaction in the presence of sodium chloride.The concretes with high and low alkali contents were used for the test.1N NaOH, 1N NaOH+3% NaCl and 1N NaOH+7% NaCl were all used as the soak, and the ambient temperature of the reaction was 38℃.The results show that under all soaks the expansions of the high-alkali concrete are higher than those of the low-alkali concrete.At the period of low-alkali concrete, the expansion by 1N NaCl soak is higher than that by 1N NaOH, and a further lower expansion can be produced by NaOH+NaCl soak, yet at the late stage the results are exactly opposite; whereas at the early and late stages of high-alkali concrete, the expansion by 1N NaCl soak is lower than that by 1N NaOH, a further higher expansion can be produced by NaOH+NaCl soak.
Concrete expansion test was conducted under the actions of sodium chloride and alkali-aggregate reaction,whose aim was to study the rule of alkali-aggregate reaction in the presence of sodium chloride.The concretes with high and low alkali contents were used for the test.1N NaOH, 1N NaOH+3% NaCl and 1N NaOH+7% NaCl were all used as the soak, and the ambient temperature of the reaction was 38℃.The results show that under all soaks the expansions of the high-alkali concrete are higher than those of the low-alkali concrete.At the period of low-alkali concrete, the expansion by 1N NaCl soak is higher than that by 1N NaOH, and a further lower expansion can be produced by NaOH+NaCl soak, yet at the late stage the results are exactly opposite; whereas at the early and late stages of high-alkali concrete, the expansion by 1N NaCl soak is lower than that by 1N NaOH, a further higher expansion can be produced by NaOH+NaCl soak.
2005, 35(2): 81-82,102.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502022
Abstract:
The thichness of a damaged concrete can be obtained by the following steps:A plane measurement is used to arrange sonic measuring points; the sonic velocity of the concrete within a nondestructive zone is measured first, and then sonic propagation time of different measuring points within a damaged zone and their corresponding plane measured distances are used,which can be transformed by formulas.This method features convenient testing,simple calculation and excellent practicality.
The thichness of a damaged concrete can be obtained by the following steps:A plane measurement is used to arrange sonic measuring points; the sonic velocity of the concrete within a nondestructive zone is measured first, and then sonic propagation time of different measuring points within a damaged zone and their corresponding plane measured distances are used,which can be transformed by formulas.This method features convenient testing,simple calculation and excellent practicality.
2005, 35(2): 83-87,95.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502023
Abstract:
Engineering accident and quality common failing in a membrane structure were analyzed,whose causes were also discussed.The relevant countermeasures for how to avoid the accidents and improve the project quality were proposed as well.
Engineering accident and quality common failing in a membrane structure were analyzed,whose causes were also discussed.The relevant countermeasures for how to avoid the accidents and improve the project quality were proposed as well.
2005, 35(2): 88-92.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502024
Abstract:
Discussions and suggestions for improvements on some problems including the resistance calculation,the steel reinforcements,the detailing requirements and etc. of the reinforced concrete spread foundation, which were directly involved in The Code for Design of Building Foundation(GB50007-2002) and The Code for Design of Concrete Structures(GB50010-2002) in need of unification and coordination,are put forward in the paper.
Discussions and suggestions for improvements on some problems including the resistance calculation,the steel reinforcements,the detailing requirements and etc. of the reinforced concrete spread foundation, which were directly involved in The Code for Design of Building Foundation(GB50007-2002) and The Code for Design of Concrete Structures(GB50010-2002) in need of unification and coordination,are put forward in the paper.
2005, 35(2): 93-95.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502025
Abstract:
Steel structures have a good reliability.But if their material strength is overly used,the structures maybe have much lower repertory.Once special loading applied to them was increased,the structures must be strengthened.This paper discusses some methods to strengthen light-weight steel mill buildings of portal frames with an actual example.
Steel structures have a good reliability.But if their material strength is overly used,the structures maybe have much lower repertory.Once special loading applied to them was increased,the structures must be strengthened.This paper discusses some methods to strengthen light-weight steel mill buildings of portal frames with an actual example.
2005, 35(2): 96-97,109.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502026
Abstract:
According to the longitudinal crack damage and strengthening of the concrete-filled steel tube(CFST) for the substation of Hebei Panjiakou Energy Storage Plant,it has been researched and analyzed that the structural defects,cracking failure mechanism and the rule of producing cracks and their development etc of CFST.Some strengthening principles and measures are proposed,which provides meaningful theoretical basis and principles of strengthening the existing CFST structures,as well as designing and constructing similar structures in the future.
According to the longitudinal crack damage and strengthening of the concrete-filled steel tube(CFST) for the substation of Hebei Panjiakou Energy Storage Plant,it has been researched and analyzed that the structural defects,cracking failure mechanism and the rule of producing cracks and their development etc of CFST.Some strengthening principles and measures are proposed,which provides meaningful theoretical basis and principles of strengthening the existing CFST structures,as well as designing and constructing similar structures in the future.
2005, 35(2): 98-99,107.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502027
Abstract:
The brake beam(connecting plate) is often broken,and the bolts for fixing the connecting plate are loosed due to the cranes dynamic load when D series of crane beams are working in a steel plant.In order to find the causes of these faults testing means are used to test and analyze various loading conditions of the crane beams,by which the causes of the faults have been obtained.
The brake beam(connecting plate) is often broken,and the bolts for fixing the connecting plate are loosed due to the cranes dynamic load when D series of crane beams are working in a steel plant.In order to find the causes of these faults testing means are used to test and analyze various loading conditions of the crane beams,by which the causes of the faults have been obtained.
2005, 35(2): 100-102.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502028
Abstract:
Based on the economic analysis for a relative depth of the compression zone of R.C. flexural members with single reinforcement section, the economical range of depth of the relative compression zone is suggested. It is simple and convenient to reach the aim of optimization design by estimating the depth of section and controlling the relative depth of the compression zone of the members.
Based on the economic analysis for a relative depth of the compression zone of R.C. flexural members with single reinforcement section, the economical range of depth of the relative compression zone is suggested. It is simple and convenient to reach the aim of optimization design by estimating the depth of section and controlling the relative depth of the compression zone of the members.
2005, 35(2): 103-107.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502029
Abstract:
The developments of the methods to assess the reliability of existing structures are stated in accordance with International Standard ISO 13822,and a discussion is made on comparing with the relevant codes of China,including:general framework of assessment,data for assessment,updating of measured variables,structural analysis,verification,assessment of time-domain reliability,target reliability level.
The developments of the methods to assess the reliability of existing structures are stated in accordance with International Standard ISO 13822,and a discussion is made on comparing with the relevant codes of China,including:general framework of assessment,data for assessment,updating of measured variables,structural analysis,verification,assessment of time-domain reliability,target reliability level.
MOVE TOWARDS THE NEW AND MODERN ARCHITECTURES--CRITICISM AND INTROSPECTION OF POSTMODERNISM IN CHINA
2005, 35(2): 108-109.
doi: 10.13204/j.gyjz200502030
Abstract:
Being shorty of the development phase of modernism in China,the introduction of post-modernism deprived architectural creation of rationality.The paper suggests that an architectural creation should absorb the inspiration from several aspects.
Being shorty of the development phase of modernism in China,the introduction of post-modernism deprived architectural creation of rationality.The paper suggests that an architectural creation should absorb the inspiration from several aspects.
