Abstract: As an industrialized steel profile, hot-rolled H-shaped steel plays a key role in promoting construction industrialization and sustainable development through its widespread application. This paper takes the steel frame structure of a school building as its research object and conducts a comparative analysis with the traditional welded box-column frame system from five aspects: seismic performance, joint reliability, standardization level, construction efficiency, and overall energy consumption. The study explores the structural safety applicability and energy-saving effects of hot-rolled H-shaped steel in civil buildings, providing both theoretical support and practical references for its engineering applications.