Heritage Value Evaluation and Protection of Rural Stations on Yunnan-Vietnam Railway:A Case of Bise Village
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摘要: 滇越铁路作为中国近代交通史的重要见证,其沿线乡村站点聚落因其独特的“站村共生”特性,成为工业遗产与传统村落融合的典型案例。以滇越铁路碧色寨站点聚落为研究对象,通过构建融合遗产价值评估与传统村落评价的指标体系,提出科学保护与可持续发展策略。运用层次分析法(AHP)结合全排列多边形图示指标法,结合《中国文物古迹保护准则》的历史、艺术、科学、社会、文化五维价值框架,对碧色寨进行系统评估。结果显示,碧色寨的核心价值集中体现在“双站双轨”技术节点的科学价值与多元文化交融的社会文化价值,石头房混合构造则体现了对山地环境的适应性智慧,法式红瓦建筑群与中式灰砖四合院形成的多元美学对比,以及护国运动红色记忆、马帮文化等非物质遗存共同构建了其文化完整性。但碧色寨核心价值(科学、文化)尚未充分展现,且存在核心—外围发展失衡问题。未来需进一步探索遗产保护与乡村振兴的协同机制,以实现碧色寨“技术修复—文化活化—区域联动”的可持续发展路径。Abstract: Yunnan-Vietnam Railway, as an important witness of China’s modern traffic development history, has become a typical case of integration of industrial heritage and traditional villages due to its unique characteristics of "station-village symbiosis". Taking the settlement of Bise Village Station on the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway as the research object, this paper puts forward the strategy of scientific protection and sustainable development by constructing an index system that integrates the value evaluation of heritage and the evaluation of traditional villages. In this paper, AHP (analytic hierarchy process) combined with all-permutation polygon graphic index method and the five-dimensional value framework of history, art, science, society, and culture specified in the Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Sites in China, are used to systematically evaluate Bise Village. The results show that the core value of Bise Village is embodied in the scientific value of the "double-station and double-track" technical node and the social and cultural value of multicultural blending. The mixed structure of stone houses embodies the adaptability wisdom to the mountainous environment. The multi-aesthetic contrast formed between French red tile buildings and Chinese gray brick quadrangle courtyard, and the cultural integrity of the non-material relics, such as the red memory of National Protection Movement, caravan culture, and so on. However, the core value (science and culture) of Bise Village has not been fully displayed, and a core-peripheral development imbalance problem still exists. In the future, it is necessary to further explore the cooperative mechanism of heritage protection and rural revitalization to realize the sustainable development path of "Technical Restoration-Cultural Activation-Regional Linkage".
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