Research on Optimal Design Parameters of Photovoltaic Facades of High-Rise Office Buildings in Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Regions Based on Energy-Saving Goals
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摘要: 夏热冬冷地区高层办公建筑能耗强度高,立面光伏节能潜力大,然其设计参数繁多,对建筑能耗与发电的影响复杂。基于此,通过对夏热冬冷地区(以武汉为例)43栋高层办公建筑的调研,采用ArchiCad软件建立高层办公建筑立面光伏典型模型,并结合EcoDesigner和PVsyst软件进行能耗与发电模拟,探究建筑形体(朝向、标准层面积、层高、平面长宽比)、窗墙比及3种光伏表皮类型(垂直表面凸出、三角形凸起和遮光板)对建筑能耗与发电的影响规律。结果表明:1)在研究中考虑的3类设计参数中,不同光伏表皮类型对综合能耗的影响最为显著,节能率波动范围为23.86%~-2.15%,建筑形体设计参数对综合能耗的影响最不显著,节能率波动范围仅为1.4%~-0.89%;2)在光伏表皮设计中,相较于提升太阳年辐照量强度,更应该注重增加光伏表皮的面积;3)在光伏表皮类型相同,且满足通风和采光要求的前提下,窗墙比越小,节能效果越显著。Abstract: In hot-summer and cold-winter regions, high-rise office buildings exhibit high energy consumption intensity, and the design of photovoltaic facades holds significant energy-saving potential. However, many design parameters pose complexity in their impact on building energy consumption and power generation. Therefore, based on surveys of 43 high-rise office buildings in hot-summer and cold-winter regions (using Wuhan as an example), typical models of high-rise office building facades were established using ArchiCad software. Coupled with EcoDesigner and PVsyst software, energy consumption and power generation simulations were conducted to explore the influence of building morphology (orientation, standard floor area, floor height, planar aspect ratio), window-to-wall ratio, and three types of photovoltaic facade forms (vertical surface protrusion, triangular protrusion, and sunshade) on building energy consumption and power generation. The results indicated that: 1) among the three types of design parameters considered in this study, the photovoltaic facade forms had the most significant impact on comprehensive energy consumption, with an energy-saving rate ranging from 23.86% to -2.15%, while building form design parameters had the least significant effect on comprehensive energy consumption, with variations of only 1.4% to -0.89%.; 2) in the design of photovoltaic facades, more attention should be paid to increasing the area of the photovoltaic facade rather than enhancing the intensity of annual solar irradiation; 3) on the premise of identical photovoltaic facade forms and satisfied ventilation/daylighting requirements, the energy-saving effect increased as the window-to-wall ratio decreased.
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