Abstract: With the popularization of the concept of "green development" and the deepening of the construction of new rural areas, the construction industry is focusing on the prefabrication and greening of rural houses. However, some prefabricated rural houses (e. g., block rural houses) in cold regions will produce thermal bridges between the enclosure and structural parts during the heating process, resulting in a large amount of heat loss. In this paper, a typical prefabricated thermal insulation block-type residence in a rural area of China’s cold region was selected. The thermal bridge of its enclosure structure was analyzed through on-site measurement and simulation, and the comprehensive heat transfer coefficients of thermal bridges with different constructions were compared. It was found that the thermal bridges at block splices and structural joints had a significant influence on the thermal insulation performance of the house. Effective thermal bridge-breaking measures were proposed. The results showed that the optimized insulated block wall and main structure were easier to construct, and the integrated heat transfer coefficient of the wall was reduced by 54.82% compared with the original scheme, while the integrated heat transfer coefficient at beams and columns was reduced by 97%. This study provides suggestions for the design and construction of insulated block farmhouses and demonstrates the great potential of rural houses in energy conservation and emission reduction.