Research on Role Identification and Evolution of Hospital Staff in Emergency Evacuation Situations
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摘要: 医院作为城市中的特殊公共场所,一旦发生火灾等突发事件,疏散过程中极易发生混乱,从而降低疏散效率和人员安全。医院工作人员包含医生、保安等多种社会角色,在应急疏散中发挥了至关重要的作用。通过专家问卷调查,深入了解日常情境和突发事件时医院工作人员的社会角色认同和表现,并识别了五种应急疏散角色,明确了医院工作人员的日常行为和疏散行为,以及影响行为的潜在因素。基于面向医院工作人员的问卷研究结果表明:医院工作人员在突发事件中会转化为应急疏散角色,其表现和行为受到个人特征、组织因素和环境因素的影响。构建并验证了疏散角色演化问卷,分析了医院应急疏散中的角色模糊、角色冲突与角色紧张等现象。Abstract: Hospital, as a critical public facility in urban settings, faces the challenges of emergencies that can lead to chaotic evacuation processes, jeopardizing both personnel safety and overall evacuation efficiency. Hospital staff, including doctors, security personnel, and various social roles, play indispensable roles in emergency evacuations. This study conducted two expert questionnaire surveys to investigate the social role identification and performance of hospital staff during routine and emergency situations. The research identified five distinct emergency evacuation roles, offering a clear distinction between the daily behaviors of hospital staff and their evacuation behaviors, while also pinpointing potential influencing factors for these behaviors. Findings revealed that hospital staff would be assumed to play emergency evacuation roles during unforeseen events, with their behavior and performance shaped by a complex interplay of personal characteristics, organizational factors, and environmental considerations. An evacuation role evolution questionnaire was developed and validated, facilitating a comprehensive analysis of phenomena such as role ambiguity, conflicts, and tension that may arise during hospital emergency evacuations.
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Key words:
- public safety /
- questionnaire survey /
- emergency evacuation /
- social role /
- role evolution
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