城市街区通风效能评估及空间优化研究

顾康康; 赵晓红; 崔雨乐; 董冬; 张馨木

doi:10.3724/j.gyjzG23063009

城市街区通风效能评估及空间优化研究

doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG23063009

1. 安徽建筑大学建筑与规划学院, 合肥 230022;
2. 安徽省国土空间规划与生态研究院, 合肥 230022

基金项目:

安徽省自然科学基金项目(2008085ME160)

国家级大学生创新创业项目(202210878016)。

详细信息

作者简介:
顾康康,博士,教授,主要从事城乡生态与环境规划研究。

通讯作者:
赵晓红,主要从事城乡风热环境研究,zxh181623@163.com。

计量
- 文章访问数: 21
- HTML全文浏览量: 5
- PDF下载量: 0
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-30
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-06

Research on Evaluation of Ventilation Efficiency and Spatial Optimization in Urban Neighborhoods

1. School of Architecture and Planning, Anhui University of Architecture, Hefei 230022, China;
2. Anhui Institute of Territorial Spatial Planning and Ecology, Hefei 230022, China

摘要

摘要: 城市通风廊道是改善城市微气候、降低城市热岛效应、缓解空气污染的有效途径之一。通过构建城市街区通风效能评估理论框架,定量评估合肥市主城区57个街区的通风效能,其中通风效能最差的为双岗街道,进而提出基于老旧街区的风环境空间优化策略。结果表明:1)合肥市通风效能形成以老城区(二环路内)、新城区(滨湖新区)为主的"一主一次"双中心分布结构,通风效能由核心向外先小幅度降低后升高,平均值为3.27。2)运用计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟,分析冬、夏季多种空间布局方案,通过构建顺应主导风向的潜在通风廊道、更改街区阻碍点的建筑群高度及建筑密度等空间优化策略,可以改善街区的风环境质量、促进污染物的扩散、提高居民的舒适度,为老旧街区生态化更新改造提供理论支持。
- 城市形态 /
- 街区通风优化 /
- CFD模拟 /
- 3D模型 /
- 建成环境 /
- 老旧街区
Abstract: Urban ventilation corridor is one of the effective ways to improve urban microclimate, reduce urban heat island effect and alleviate air pollution. By constructing a theoretical framework for evaluating the ventilation performance of urban neighborhoods and quantitatively assessing the ventilation performance of 57 neighborhoods in the main urban area of Hefei City, the worst ventilation performance was found in Shuanggang Street, and then a spatial optimization strategy for the wind environment based on the old neighborhoods was proposed. The results showed that: 1)Hefei ventilation efficiency formed a "one main and one time" dual-center distribution structure mainly in the old city (within the Second Ring Road) and the new city (Binhu New District), and the ventilation efficiency decreased slightly and then increased from the core outward, with an average value of 3.27. 2)CFD numerical simulation was used to analyze a variety of spatial layout schemes in winter and summer, and it was concluded that it was necessary to build a new ventilation system that conformed to the dominant wind direction. The spatial optimization strategies, such as constructing potential ventilation corridors that follow the dominant wind direction and changing the height and density of buildings at the block obstruction points, can improve the quality of the wind environment of the block, promote the diffusion of pollutants, and improve the comfort of the residents, thus providing theoretical support for the ecological renewal and reconstruction of the old block.
- urban form /
- neighborhood ventilation optimization /
- CFD simulation /
- 3D model /
- built environment /
- older neighborhoods

HTML全文

参考文献(36)

[1]	WANG A, ZHANG M, REN B, et al. Ventilation analysis of urban functional zoning based on circuit model in Guangzhou in winter, China[J]. Urban Climate, 2023, 47, 101385.
[2]	吴文倩,吴息,王彬滨,等.风速概率分布参数对城市扩展规模的响应[J]. 科学通报,2017,62(Z2):3369-3378.
[3]	刘曰庆,孙希华,孙宇祥,等.1998—2016年中国大气PM_2.5污染浓度空间格局演化:基于339个城市的实证研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境,2020,29(5):1163-1173.
[4]	GU K, FANG Y, QIAN Z, et al. Spatial planning for urban ventilation corridors by urban climatology[J]. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, 2020, 6(1),1747946.
[5]	罗鑫玥,陈明星.城镇化对气候变化影响的研究进展[J]. 地球科学进展,2019,34(9):984-997.
[6]	黄焕春,马原,杨海林,等. 特大城市通风廊道的地理设计方法探索[J]. 规划师,2021,37(13):66-71.
[7]	蔡菊珍,何月,樊高峰,等. 基于风热环境评估的城市通风廊道设计研究:以绍兴市越城区为例[J]. 科技通报,2021,37(3):104-112.
[8]	史立刚,闫洪哲,程新宇,等. 基于冬季适老风环境模拟的寒地建筑形态优化方法[J]. 西部人居环境学刊,2020,35(5):62-68.
[9]	FENG W, ZHEN M, DING W, et al. Field measurement and numerical simulation of the relationship between the vertical wind environment and building morphology in residential areas in Xi’an, China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2022,29:11663-11674.
[10]	庄智,车学娅,王颖,等. 绿色建筑风环境模拟用主导风参数确定[J]. 建筑科学,2019,35(2):129-134.
[11]	张硕,房小怡,陈静,等. 城市通风廊道规划技术研究:以石家庄都市区为例[J]. 气象与环境科学,2022,45(3):51-61.
[12]	CHEN Y. Application of a wind environment simulation generation technology in urban planning[J]. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2022(1),7939772.
[13]	王彪. 典型住区形态下的风环境评估:以北京为例[J]. 现代城市研究,2022(7):22-28.
[14]	KU C A, TSAI H K. Evaluating the influence of urban morphology on urban wind environment based on computational fluid dynamics simulation[J]. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2020, 9(6), 399.
[15]	马童,陈天. 城市滨河区空间形态对近地面通风影响机制及规划响应[J]. 城市发展研究,2021,28(7):37-42 ,48.
[16]	杨佳明,安睿,仝照民,等. 基于多尺度地理加权回归的建成环境对通风潜力的影响研究:以武汉市主城区为例[J]. 南京师大学报(自然科学版),2023,46(4):29-39.
[17]	XIE P, YANG J, SUN W, et al. Urban scale ventilation analysis based on neighborhood normalized current model[J]. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2022, 80, 103746.
[18]	FANG Y, ZHAO L. Assessing the environmental benefits of urban ventilation corridors: A case study in Hefei, China[J]. Building and Environment, 2022, 212, 108810.
[19]	LIU W, ZHANG G, JIANG Y, et al. Effective range and driving factors of the urban ventilation corridor effect on urban thermal comfort at unified scale with multisource data[J]. Remote Sensing, 2021, 13(9),1783.
[20]	XIE P, LIU D, LIU Y, et al. A least cumulative ventilation cost method for urban ventilation environment analysis[J]. Complexity, 2020(1),9015923.
[21]	申鑫杰,赵芮,何瑞珍,等. 郑州市市区风环境模拟研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报,2020,22(6):1349-1357.
[22]	YIN J, ZHAN Q, TAYYAB M, et al. The ventilation efficiency of urban built intensity and ventilation path identification: a case study of Wuhan[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021, 18(21),11684.
[23]	鲜鑫,李晓虹,游诚,等. 建筑规划设计因子对住区建筑室外风环境的综合影响[J]. 建筑节能(中英文),2021,49(1):28-32,41.
[24]	尹杰,詹庆明. 城市开发强度对通风环境的影响及风道识别:以武汉市为例[J]. 三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2020,42(3):78-84.
[25]	PALUSCI O, MONTI P, CECERE C, et al. Impact of morphological parameters on urban ventilation in compact cities: the case of the Tuscolano-Don Bosco district in Rome[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 807, 150490.
[26]	王冠,周宏轩,王文真,等. 中微观尺度上城市形态指标与城市通风的关联性研究进展[J]. 生态科学,2023,42(1):252-262.
[27]	姚佳伟,黄辰宇,庄智,等. 面向城市风环境精细化模拟的地面粗糙度参数研究[J]. 建筑科学,2020,36(8):99-106.
[28]	夏冬,王静,孙丽烨,等. 珠海市某标志性超高层建筑群的室外风环境及舒适性模拟[J]. 中山大学学报(自然科学版),2019,58(4):42-52.
[29]	YUAN C, NG E. Building porosity for better urban ventilation in high-density cities:A computational parametric study[J]. Building and Environment, 2012, 50: 176-189.
[30]	Da SILVA F T, REIS JR N C, SANTOS J M, et al. Influence of urban form on air quality: The combined effect of block typology and urban planning indices on city breathability[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 814, 152670.
[31]	王伟武,黎菲楠,王頔,等. 基于通风潜力及风特征量化分析的城市风道构建[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版),2019,53(3):470-481.
[32]	陈赫名. 基于大数据识别与CFD技术的北京通风廊道精细化规划研究[D]. 北京:北方工业大学,2021.
[33]	方云皓. 基于气候适宜性的城市通风廊道构建与管控研究[D]. 合肥:安徽建筑大学,2021.
[34]	黄闯,魏宗财,曹靖,等. 城市通风廊道系统构建及管控探索:以合肥市为例[J]. 上海城市规划,2020(4):120-125.
[35]	SHAERI J, AFLAKI A, YAGHOUBI M, et al. Investigation of passive design strategies in a traditional urban neighborhood: A case study[J]. Urban Climate, 2018, 26: 31-50.
[36]	颜文涛,李子豪,菅天语,等. 空气环境健康导向下的老旧社区生态化更新:理论框架与案例实践[J]. 城市发展研究,2022,29(1):121-132.