Abstract: As an environmental foundation for the formation and evolution of traditional villages,landscape space is an important place for its sustainable development,and it is also one of the important aspects to be considered in current protection planning and spatial development. Taking the traditional villages in the Xinyang area of Henan Province as the research object,through the analysis methods of nuclear density,elevation,and so on, the traditional villages in the Xinyang area were divided into three types: valley-basin type,hill-basin type and hill-flat type according to the relations between mountains and rivers. After obtaining satellite images through Google maps,field surveys and unmanned aerial vehicles,the plane morphological characteristics of traditional villages under different landform conditions were summarized. The spatial scope and spatial level were defined according to the distance between the village and the water. Finally,the spatial pattern based on the relations of "mountain,water,field and village" was expressed in a graphic method,so as to reveal the formation mechanism of the spatial pattern of different types of villages. The results showed that because of the flat terrain,villages on the plain of hills and often showed a cluster shape and a large number of ponds,forming a spatial pattern of the field-pond-village-pond-field. Hill-basin type villages are mostly located in shallow mountain areas with rich and diverse forms. They are built along the mountain,forming a spatial pattern of the mountain-village-pond-field-river. The valley-basin type villages are mostly developed into belts due to the terrain restriction forming a spatial pattern of the mountain-village-pond-field-river-mountain.