Abstract: Dong dwellings are the most typical traditional residential type of the minority in southwest China, and their spatial form has distinctive regional and ethnic characteristics. Taking the Dong dwellings in Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County in Liuzhou, Guangxi Province and Longhui County in Shaoyang, Hunan Province as the research objects, 27 typical Dong dwellings were selected for surveying and research, their functional distribution and spatial connection characteristics were extracted, and the topological structure analysis and operation based on space syntax were carried out. This paper analyzes the spatial topological relationship of residential buildings from the perspectives of space and culture, and calculates the core functional space through the spatial syntax "convex space model", which can be summarized into four types: the main room center type, corridor center type, courtyard center type, compound distribution type. This paper also summarizes the residents' life style represented by different core function space and the planar space characteristics of regional architecture. The combination of different plane spaces is coupled and corresponding to cultures,such as "the hall culture with respect in the center", "clan culture with house gathering", "the thought of returning to the hall with four waters" and "Huotang culture with ancestor worship", so as to reveal the cultural connotation behind the spatial combination of Dong folk houses.