基于建筑本体视角的美丽乡村房屋综合性能评价研究

张兆昌; 范旭红; 石启印; 惠卓

doi:10.13204/j.gyjzG21052801

基于建筑本体视角的美丽乡村房屋综合性能评价研究

doi: 10.13204/j.gyjzG21052801

张兆昌^1,2,
范旭红³,
石启印³,
惠卓^1,2, ,

1. 东南大学混凝土及预应力混凝土结构教育部重点实验室, 南京 210096;
2. 东南大学国家预应力工程技术研究中心, 南京 211189;
3. 江苏大学, 江苏镇江 212013

基金项目:

国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAL02B02)。

详细信息

作者简介:
张兆昌,男,1990年出生,博士研究生。

通讯作者:
惠卓,男,1964年出生,博士,教授,2975584715@qq.com。

计量
- 文章访问数: 189
- HTML全文浏览量: 30
- PDF下载量: 5
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-28
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-25

Evaluation of Comprehensive Performance of Beautiful Rural Houses Based on Architectural Ontology

1. Key Laboratory of C&PC Structures of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
2. National Prestress Engineering Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China;
3. Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

摘要

摘要: 房屋性能评价是国家"乡村振兴"战略下美丽乡村房屋性能提升的基础和关键。美丽乡村房屋在建筑"安全、功能"需求的基础上,对"美丽、宜居"提出了更高要求。为此,针对美丽乡村房屋,从"建筑本体"的视角,提出了一套房屋综合性能评价体系,用于衡量房屋的整体性能水平和明确性能提升重点。该体系围绕美丽乡村房屋"安全舒适、美丽宜居"的建设目标,构建并量化了美丽乡村房屋的4个特性指标——"乡土性、安全性、功能性、舒适性",并下设18个分因素层指标,涵盖了建筑学、结构、水电、消防等多个领域,使房屋性能评价较全面客观。同时,为提高量大面广的乡村房屋评价效率,提出了"整体评价、专项评价"的两层次递进评价策略。其次,考虑各层指标特点,采用集成赋权法确定了指标权重,得出美丽乡村房屋性能的关键指标,如结构安全、使用功能、热湿环境等。而且,提出采用得分概率分布的方法,确定了房屋综合性能评价的四个等级。最后,通过不同地方的不同年代、改造前后房屋实例的应用表明:该体系具有很强的可行性和实用性,能够实现房屋性能的综合高效评价;2000年后的房屋宜重点提升乡土特色、热湿环境等性能。
- 美丽乡村房屋 /
- 综合性能 /
- 两层次评价 /
- 建筑本体 /
- 乡土特色
Abstract: Housing performance evaluation is the basis and key for the improvement of the performance of beautiful rural houses under the national village revitalization strategy. Moreover, the performance of beautiful rural houses not only includes "safety and functionality" (basic requirements), but also emphasizes "beauty and livability" (development requirements). Thus, from the perspective of "architectural ontology", a comprehensive performance evaluation system for beautiful rural houses was put forward, which could be used to evaluate the overall performance level of house and indentify the focuses of performance improvement. Focusing on the construction goal of safety, comfort, beauty, and livability of beautiful rural houses, the system constructed and quantized four characteristic indexes "locality, safety, functionality and comfort" and 18 sub-factor layer indexes, covering many fields such as architecture, structure, water and electricity, fire protection, ect.,so that the housing performance evaluation was more comprehensive and objective. In view of the large amount and wide range of rural houses, the two-level progressive evaluation strategy of "overall evaluation and special evaluation" was proposed. Secondly, according to the characteristics of each layer, the integrated weighting method was used to determine the index weight, which showed that the key indexes included structural safety, use function, thermal and humidity environment, etc. Moreover, a score probability distribution method was proposed to determine the four evaluation levels of house. Finally, taking the houses in different places,different ages, before and after reconstruction, it was shown that the system had strong feasibility and practicability for the comprehensive and efficient evaluation of housing performance; the houses built after 2000 should focus on improving the performance of local characteristics, thermal and humidity environment, etc.
- beautiful rural houses /
- comprehensive performance /
- two-level evaluation /
- architectural ontology /
- local characteristics

HTML全文

参考文献(34)

[1]	国家发展改革委.全国农村经济发展"十三五"规划[EB/OL].https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/ghwb/201611/t20161117_962203.html?code=&state=123.
[2]	中共中央、国务院.乡村振兴战略规划(2018-2022年)[EB/OL].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2018-09/26/content_5325534.htm.
[3]	中共中央、国务院.中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二○三五年远景目标的建议[EB/OL].http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-03/13/content_5592681.htm.
[4]	中国工程建设标准化协会.既有村镇住宅功能评价标准:CECS 324:2012[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2012.
[5]	中国工程建设标准化协会.既有村镇住宅建筑安全性评定标准:CECS 326:2012[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2012.
[6]	孙颖,车冠宇,李爱芳.中外住宅性能评价体系的发展与比较研究[J].华中建筑,2016(8):34-37.
[7]	中华人民共和国建设部.住宅性能评定技术标准:GB/T 50362-2005[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[8]	GWON S C.A study on characteristics of regional rural housing through a field survey:focused on energy business support villages[J].The Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea,2016,18(3):29-37.
[9]	LIU A Y,LI X H.Research on the construction of a comprehensive performance evaluation index system of an integrated construction supply Chain[C]//The 2015 International Conference on Construction and Real Estate Management,Environment and the Sustainable Building.Sweden:2015:178-186.
[10]	YIN K,WEN M P,ZHANG F F.Research on the evaluation method of rural hollowing based on RS and a case study of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China[C]//SPIE Conference on Earth Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing.2016.
[11]	段绪胜,杜善梁,王少杰,等.基于组合赋权的鲁中山区石木结构传统民居性能评价模型与应用[J].数学的实践与认识,2019,49(21):180-188.
[12]	中国国家标准化管理委员会.美丽乡村建设评价:GB/T 37072-2018[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2018.
[13]	郑滋阳.乡土建筑:当代的保护与利用:以镇江东乡地区乡土建筑为例[J].建筑与文化,2019(10):233-236.
[14]	刘怡,雷耀丽.乡土建筑遗产视角下传统窑洞民居的价值特征保护:以陕北地区大型地主庄园为例[J].建筑与文化,2020(10):108-110.
[15]	陶斌,高宜生,白穆.遗产保护视角下济南高新东区小龙堂村乡土建筑特征与价值评价[J].住区,2020(1):154-159.
[16]	汪德根,吕庆月,吴永发,等.中国传统民居建筑风貌地域分异特征与形成机理[J].自然资源学报,2019,34(9):1864-1885.
[17]	周晶,李天.传统民居与乡土建筑[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2013.
[18]	谢玉明.中国传统建筑细部设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[19]	葛学礼,朱立新,于文.我国村镇建筑防灾研究概述[J].自然灾害学报,2014,23(2):8-14.
[20]	郑东,吕勇,周莉莉.新农村工业化住宅建设与"美丽乡村"的改造研究:基于浙江省宁波市1329套农村自建房的实践调查与思考[J].工程技术,2017,12(2):47-48.
[21]	孟淼.我国村镇建设安全现状调查及问题分析[D].北京:清华大学,2008.
[22]	中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.农村危房改造基本安全技术导则[EB/OL].https://www.mohurd.gov.cn/gongkai/fdzdgknr/tzgg/201909/20190919_241886.html.
[23]	胡大柱,张方灯,肖小月,等.我国西南地区村镇建筑现状调研与统计分析[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2015,37(3):113-120.
[24]	中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.农村防火规范:GB 50039-2010[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2010.
[25]	鹿勤.《绿色建筑评价标准》:节地与室外环境[J].建设科技,2015(4):16-22.
[26]	中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.民用建筑热工设计规范:GB 50176-2016[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016.
[27]	国家卫生健康委员会.农村住宅卫生规范:GB 9981-2012[S].北京:中国标准出版,2012.
[28]	中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.绿色建筑评价标准:GB/T 50378-2019[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2019.
[29]	刘加平.建筑物理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.
[30]	中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.民用建筑设计统一标准:GB 50352-2019[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2019.
[31]	张兆昌.乡村房屋性能提升的指标体系与关键建造技术的研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2017.
[32]	国家环境保护总局.室内空气质量标准:GB/T 18883-2020[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2020.
[33]	邱菀华.管理决策与应用熵学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002:226-227.
[34]	杜栋,庞庆华,吴炎.现代综合评价方法与案例精选[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008:12-21.