基于城市形态参数的沈阳地表热环境评估方法及规划响应

周诗文; 石铁矛; 李绥; 李殿生

doi:10.13204/j.gyjzG21052409

基于城市形态参数的沈阳地表热环境评估方法及规划响应

doi: 10.13204/j.gyjzG21052409

1. 沈阳建筑大学建筑与规划学院, 沈阳 110168;
2. 沈阳建筑大学空间规划与设计研究院, 沈阳 110168;
3. 沈阳建筑大学生态规划与绿色建筑研究院, 沈阳 110168

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金面上项目(51978421,51878418)。

国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFC0704600)

详细信息

作者简介:
周诗文,女,1990年出生,博士研究生,讲师。

通讯作者:
石铁矛,男,1957年出生,博士,教授,博士生导师,tiemaos@sjzu.edu.cn。

计量
- 文章访问数: 158
- HTML全文浏览量: 23
- PDF下载量: 8
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-24
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-23
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-23

An Assessment Method and Planning Responses for the Thermal Environment of Land Surfaces in Shenyang Based on Urban Morphology Parameters

1. College of Architecture and Planning, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China;
2. Institute of Space Planning and Design, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China;
3. Institute of Ecological Planning and Green Building, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China

摘要

摘要: 掌握城市空间形态特征对热环境的影响机理是提升城市气候适应性的关键,构建科学的热环境效应预测模型是改善城市气候环境的有效途径。以沈阳市为研究对象,建立表征空间容量和形态特征的参数集,通过与地表温度的相关性分析识别了关键参数,采用主成分分析法构建了面向城市规划的热环境指数评估模型。研究结果表明:在不同的形态参数中,分别以叶面积指数、建筑容积率、天空开阔度与城市热环境的相关显著性更高,由热环境指数评估模型形成的沈阳市热环境空间分布图,较好地反映了研究区热环境效应分布现状。由此划分了沈阳市热环境空间单元,根据模型的参数构成及空间单元分布的情况,有针对性地提出了城市尺度的热环境格局优化和场地尺度的形态量化导控策略,为改善城市热环境效应提供了可操作性强的规划指标。
- 城市形态 /
- 热环境 /
- 评估模型 /
- 导控策略
Abstract: To master the influence mechanisms of urban spatial form on the thermal environment is essential to improve urban climate adaptability, and to construct a scientific prediction model for the thermal environment effect is an effective way to improve the urban climate environment. Taking Shenyang as an object, a set of parameters to represent the spatial capacity and form characteristics was established, the key parameters were identified through correlation analysis with surface temperatures, and a evaluation model of thermal environment indexes for urban planning was established using the principal element analysis method. The results showed that:in the different form parameters, the leaf area index, the building floor area ratio and the sky view factor were more significant correlated with the urban thermal environment, the spatial distribution map for Shenyang thermal environment was constructed by the evaluation model of the thermal enviroment index could reflect the distribution status of the thermal emironment effect better in the study area, and the spatial units of the thermal environment were divided. According to the parameters of the model and the distribution of the spatial units, the layout optimization of the thermal environment in the scale of the city and the guidance and control strategies for the form quantiation in the site scale were proposed directly, which could provide the planning index of strong operability to improve the urban thermal environment effect.
- urban form /
- thermal environment /
- evaluation model /
- control strategy

HTML全文

参考文献(36)

[1]	贾琦.城市三维空间形态及其热环境效应研究进展[J].建筑与文化,2018(2):58-59.
[2]	ZHENG Z,ZHOU W Q,WANG J,et al.Sixty-year changes in residential landscapes in Beijing:a perspective from both the horizontal (2D) and vertical (3D) dimensions[J].Remote Sensing,2017,9(10):992.
[3]	OKE T R.Canyon geometry and the nocturnal urban heat island:comparison of scale model and field observations[J].International Journal of Climatology,1981,1(3):237-254.
[4]	UNGER J.Intra-urban relationship between surface geometry and urban heat island:review and new approach[J]. Climate Research,2004,27(3):253-264.
[5]	王蕾,关燕宁,郭杉,等.城市地表要素的地表能量响应特征及其关系研究[J].地球信息科学学报,2016,18(12):1684-1697.
[6]	周伟奇,田韫钰.城市三维空间形态的热环境效应研究进展[J].生态学报,2020,40(2):416-427.
[7]	吴志强,史舸.城市发展战略规划研究中的空间拓展方向分析方法[J].城市规划学刊,2006(10):69-74.
[8]	RAO P K, SMITH W L, KOFFLER R. Global Sea-Surface Temperature Distribution Determined From anEnvironmental Satellite[J]. Monthly Weather Review, 1972, 100(1):10.
[9]	黄亚平,卢有朋,单卓然,等.武汉市主城区热岛空间格局及其影响因素研究[J].城市规划,2019,43(4):41-47 ,52.
[10]	GALLO K, MCNAB A, KARL T, et al. The use of a vegetation index for assessment of the urban heat island effect[J]. Remote Sensing 1993; 14:2223-2230.
[11]	GÁL T,UNGER J.An ArcView Extension for SVF estimation based on vector format 3D urban surface database:user's manual,hungary:department of climatology and landscape ecology[M].Szeged:University of Szeged,2008.
[12]	徐涵秋.基于城市地表参数变化的城市热岛效应分析[J].生态学报,2011,31(14):3890-3901.
[13]	侯路瑶,姜允芳,石铁矛,等.基于气候变化的城市规划研究进展与展望[J].城市规划,2019,43(3):121-132.
[14]	STONE B, RODGERS M O. Urban form and thermal efficiency:how the design of cities influences the urban heat island effect[J]. Journal of the American Planning Association, 2001, 67(2):186-198.
[15]	李彤.北京市地表热环境对城市空间结构的响应研究[D].济南:山东师范大学,2020.
[16]	任超,吴恩融,卢茨·卡施纳.城市环境气候信息在德国城市规划中的应用及其启示[J].国际城市规划,2013,128(4):91-99.
[17]	包瑞清.地表温度与城市空间分布结构的关系及其预测模型[J].中国园林,2020,36(10):69-74.
[18]	刘敬,慎利,黄媛,等.基于局地气候分区的北京夜间热岛强度空间分异特征研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2020,36(5):39-45 ,64.
[19]	ALAVIPANAH S,SCHREYER J,HAASE D,et al.The effect of multi-dimensional indicators on urban thermal conditions[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,177:115-123.
[20]	冯晓刚,撒利伟,石辉.基于多元目标的主成分分析的热岛效应成因研究:西安市为例[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012,44(4):507-511.
[21]	PENG F,WONG M S,HO H C,et al.Reconstruction of historical datasets for analyzing spatiotemporal influence of built environment on urban microclimates across a compact city[J].Building and Environment,2017,123:649-660.
[22]	沈中健,曾坚.厦门市热岛强度与相关地表因素的空间关系研究[J].地理科学,2020,40(5):842-852.
[23]	孙欣.城市中心区热环境与空间形态耦合研究:南京新街口为例[D].南京:东南大学,2015.
[24]	任超,吴恩融.城市环境气候图:可持续城市规划辅助信息系统工具[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012:37-49.
[25]	杨峰.城市形态与微气候环境:性能化模拟途径综述[J].城市建筑,2015(28):92-95.
[26]	刘勇洪,徐永明,张方敏,等.城市地表通风潜力研究技术方法与应用[J].规划师,2019,35(10):32-40.
[27]	李绥,陈雨萌,石铁矛,等.面向大气防疫的城市公共空间呼吸暴露风险评价[J].城市规划,2020,44(8):8-20.
[28]	冯代丽.太原市不同植物群落的绿量及生态效益研究[D].太原:山西农业大学,2017.
[29]	徐涵秋.水土流失区生态变化的遥感评估[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(7):91-97.
[30]	侯春华,李富平,何宝杰,等.矿业开发密集地表热环境分异效应遥感评价模型构建研究[J].红外与毫米波学报,2020,39(5):635-649.
[31]	杨朝斌.城市空间结构对城市热环境时空异质性分布影响研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2018.
[32]	GÁL T,LINDBERG F,UNGER J.Computing continuous sky view factors using 3D urban raster and vector databases:comparison and application to urban climate[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2009,95(1/2):111-123.
[33]	YUAN C,CHEN L.Mitigating urban heat island effects in high-density cities based on sky view factor and urban morphological understanding:a study of Hong Kong[J].Architectural Science Review,2011,54(4):305-315.
[34]	SCARANO M,MANCINI F.Assessing the relationship between sky view factor and land surface temperature to the spatial resolution[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2017,38(23):6910-6929.
[35]	GRIMMOND S.Urbanization and global environmental change:local effects of urban warming[J].Geographical Journal,2007,173(1):83-88.
[36]	PERINI K,MAGLIOCCO A.Effects of vegetation,urban density,building height,and atmospheric conditions on local temperatures and thermal comfort[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2014,13(3):495-506.勘误发表于本刊2021年第51卷第8期的论文《高密度街区建筑附属开放空间公共性评价研究》,第39页摘要的"2)总体上曼哈顿约克维尔的公共性比珠江新城核心区略强, "应更改为" 2)总体上曼哈顿约克维尔的公共性比珠江新城核心区略弱,"。作者特此说明,并为校核不严谨向读者表示诚恳的致歉。