Abstract: The composite concrete-filled steel tubes (CFST) pier column with the cross-section form of outer rectangular-inner double circular was proposed. The composite column was divided into three parts:the outer rectangular steel tube considering deformation yield differences between the long side and the short side, the interlayer concrete confined by the outer steel tube, and two inner circular CFSTs. According to the limit equilibrium theory, calculation formulas of the axial bearing capacity of the column were derived. Afterwards, the FE ABAQUS was used to simulate the axial compressive tests on the composite columns and the rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular stubs, and the failure modes all were in good agreements with test results. Meanwhile, the force mechanism of each component of the composite column was analyzed, and the validity of the FE models were verified. By changing the compressive strength of concrete, the yield strength of steel tubes, the diameter of inner steel tubes with the same steel ratio, the diameter-thickness ratio of inner steel tubes, and the width-thickness ratio of outer steel tubes, the parametric analysis on the ultimate axial compressive capacity of the composite CFST pier column was carried out. The results showed that the ultimate bearing capacity increased with the increase of compressive strength of concrete and yield strength of steel tubes, and decreased with the increase of width-thickness ratio of outer steel tubes. The increasing diameter of the inner steel tubes resulted in the increase of ultimate bearing capacity. However, when the diameter of the inner steel tubes increased to a certain extent (2/3 of the width of the outer steel tube), it had little influence on the ultimate axial compressive capacity. The average ratio of the ultimate axial compressive capacity obtained from FE simulations to the calculated values was 0.923, and the mean square deviation was 0.046.