Abstract: Taking the factory and enterprise buildings of the small third-line construction in western Anhui as the research object, the research of investigation, preservation and regeneration was carried out through field reconnaissance combined with literature sorting. Firstly, the background status, spatial pattern and architectural features of the industrial heritage of the small third-line in western Anhui were analyzed by the crossover method of architecture and industrial archaeology. Then the paper combined the tourism economic characteristics of Dabie mountains in western Anhui with the environmental characteristics of "backer, concealment and dispersion" of the construction of small third-line, and explored the internal mechanism and technical path of dualistic symbiosis between industrial heritage and rural tourism. Finally, this paper analyzed the interpretation and survival of the historical and cultural value of the industrial heritage in western Anhui from the perspectives of historical research, industrial heritage protection and rural revitalization.