Abstract: In order to study the seismic behavior of diagrid core-tube structure in high-rise buildings under frequent and rare earthquakes, according to the Guangzhou West Tower project, the diagrid core-tube structure was established in accordance with the Code for Seismic Design of Buildings(GB 50011-2010). Based on the principle of equal material consumption, the traditional frame-shear wall structure with the same consumption of materials as the diagrid core-tube structure was established. On this basis, the distribution laws of lateral stiffness, shear lag, internal and external tube shear force and overturning moment of the structure, the development and failure extent of plastic hinge, the collapse mechanism and the ductility of the structure were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the diagrid core-tube structure had stronger spatial overall collaborative stress performance compared with the traditional frame shear-wall structure, and the effect of the outer tube of the inclined column on the overall stiffness was obvious, and the growth of the harmful inter-story drift ratio was far less than that of the diagrid core-tube structure. Diagrid core-tube structure had higher importance of outer tube inclined column, less plastic hinge development, less energy consumption capacity and poor ductility. Therefore, the design of strength and stability of the inclined columns of outer tube was the key to ensure that the entire structure will not collapse under the rare earthquake.