以城市街区建筑为对象的低碳技术方法

白一飞; 刘加平; 张伟荣; 于洋

doi:10.13204/j.gyjzG19121107

以城市街区建筑为对象的低碳技术方法

doi: 10.13204/j.gyjzG19121107

1. 北京工业大学建筑工程学院, 北京 100124;
2. 西安建筑科技大学建筑学院, 西安 710055

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划资助（2018YFC0704600）。

详细信息

作者简介:
白一飞,男,1994年出生,硕士研究生。电子信箱:zhangwr@bjut.edu.cn

计量
- 文章访问数: 158
- HTML全文浏览量: 31
- PDF下载量: 9
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-10-20
- 刊出日期: 2020-10-17

LOW-CARBON TECHNIQUE METHODS FOR URBAN BLOCK BUILDINGS

1. College of Architectural and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;
2. School of Architecture, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China

摘要

摘要: 中国快速的城镇化进程导致了温室气体排放量的显著增加，对环境造成了巨大压力。城市是人类活动的主要场所，也是温室气体的主要产生地。许多学者从较为宏观的城市尺度和较为微观的建筑尺度开展了大量研究，如低碳城市、低碳建筑等，但对于低碳城市规划中的中观层面，即城市街区尺度，相关研究较少，也较为零散。然而，城市街区是实现低碳城市目标最基础的空间单元，在这个层面进行低碳规划被认为是最为有效和灵活的手段之一，十分重要。以城市街区建筑群为对象，采用自下而上的方法进行系统性的总结，着重归纳、整理了建设低碳城市街区建筑的三类技术方法：单体建筑的低碳措施、街区空间形态以及街区碳汇对建筑碳排放的影响，如何定性定量地影响街区建筑碳排放，为低碳城市规划设计和相关研究提供有效的参考。
- 低碳建筑 /
- 建筑群 /
- 城市街区 /
- 街区空间形态 /
- 街区碳汇
Abstract: China's rapid urbanization has led to a significant increase in greenhouse gas emission, putting enormous pressure on the environment. Cities are major places of human activity and major sources of greenhouse gases. Many researchers have carried out a lot of research from macro urban scales and micro architectural scales, such as the low-carbon city and low-carbon architecture, etc. While for the medium level of low-carbon urban planning, that is, urban block scales, the relevant research is less and more scattered. However, urban blocks are the most basic spatial units to achieve low-carbon city goals. Low-carbon planning at this level is considered to be one of the most effective and flexible means, so it is very important. This paper took urban block building groups as the object, systematically summarized it by bottom-up method, and focused on summarizing and sorting out three kinds of technical methods for building low-carbon urban block buildings, that was low-carbon measures for single buildings, the impact of block spatial forms and block carbon sinks on building carbon emission, and how to affect carbon emission of block buildings. Finally, an effective method was provided to low-carbon urban planning design and relevant research.
- low-carbon building /
- building group /
- urban block /
- block space form /
- block carbon sink

HTML全文

参考文献(61)

肖华斌, 盛硕, 刘嘉. 低碳生态城市空间规划途径研究综述与展望[J]. 城市发展研究, 2015, 22(12):8-12.

FONG W K,MATSUMOTO H,HO C S,et al. Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emission Considerations in the Urban Planning Process in Malaysia[J].Journal of the Malaysian Institute of Planners,2008(6):101-130.

刘志林, 秦波. 城市形态与低碳城市:研究进展与规划策略[J]. 国际城市规划, 2013, 28(2):4-11.

秦波,邵然.低碳城市与空间结构优化:理念、实证和实践[J].国际城市规划,2011,26(3):73-78.

GLAESER E L, KAHN M E. The Greenness of Cities:Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Urban Development[J]. Journal of Urban Economics,2009,67(3):404-418.

AUFFHAMMER M, CARSON R T. Forecasting the Path of China's CO₂ Emissions Using Province-Level Information[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,2007,55(3):229-247.

张希晨. 低碳概念下的建筑设计应对策略[J]. 城市发展研究, 2010(7):51-57.

郝靖欣,张希晨. 持续发展与绿色建筑[J]. 时代建筑,1999(4):37-39.

吴恩融, 穆钧. 基于传统建筑技术的生态建筑实践:毛寺生态实验小学与无止桥[J].时代建筑,2007(4):50-57.

张希晨,郝靖欣.从无锡工业遗产再利用看城市文化的复兴[J].工业建筑,2010,40(1):31-34

,20.

汪芳. 张通. 清华大学环境能源楼:中意合作的生态示范性建筑[J]. 建筑学报,2008(2):34-39.

江亿.中国建筑能耗现状及节能途径分析[J].新建筑,2008(2):4-7.

夏冰, 张焕. 低碳城市街区形态导控方法研究综述[J]. 华中建筑, 2018, 36(9):12-15.

叶祖达. 绿色生态城区控制性详细规划决策工具碳排放评估模型[J]. 城市发展研究, 2016(3):76-86.

石铁矛, 王大嵩, 李绥. 低碳可持续性评价:从单体建筑到街区尺度:德国DGNB-NS新建城市街区评价体系对我国的启示[J]. 沈阳建筑大学学报(社会科学版), 2015(3):217-224.

李兵. 低碳建筑技术体系与碳排放测算方法研究[D]. 武汉:华中科技大学, 2012.

EUROPEAN COMMISSION.Eurostat[EB/OL].[2019-10-20].http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu

中国建筑节能协会能耗统计专业委员会.中国建筑能耗研究报告(2018)[EB/OL].(2018-12-29)[2019-10-20].http://jzjnnewht.kechuangfu.cn/upload/file/20181229/1546072726524234.pdf.

中国建筑节能协会能耗统计专业委员会.中国建筑能耗研究报告(2019)[EB/OL].(2020-04-10)[2019-10-20].http://www.cabee.org/site/content/23565.html.

OMRANY H, GHAFFARIANHOSEINI A. Application of Passive Wall Systems for Improving the Energy Efficiency in Buildings:A Comprehensive Review[J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 62:1252-1269.

ZHANG Y R, WANG Y F. Building Energy Saving Technologies in China:An Overview[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2012(209/210/211):1809-1813.

梁德婧,曹海霞.浅谈地源热泵技术及其应用[J].物理教师,2019,40(9):78-80.

《地质装备》编辑部.《中国地热能发展报告(2018)》白皮书发布[J].地质装备,2019,20(2):3-6.

龙惟定.我国大型公共建筑能源管理的现状与前景[J].暖通空调,2007(4):19-23.

晁军, 马子茹. 低碳导向下的街区空间形态设计研究[J]. 山西建筑, 2019(7):5-7.

黄媛. 夏热冬冷地区基于节能的气候适应性街区城市设计方法论研究[D]. 武汉:华中科技大学, 2010.

王振. 夏热冬冷地区基于城市微气候的街区层峡气候适应性设计策略研究[D]. 武汉:华中科技大学, 2008.

LI Z, QUAN S J, YANG P J. Energy Performance Simulation for Planning a Low Carbon Neighborhood Urban District:A Case Study in the City of Macau[J]. Habitat International, 2016, 53:206-214.

ISHII S, TABUSHI S, ARAMAKI T, et al. Impact of Future Urban Form on the Potential to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Residential, Commercial and Public Buildings in Utsunomiya, Japan[J]. Energy Policy, 2010, 38(9):4888-4896.

KAVGIC M, MAVROGIANNI A, MUMOVIC D, et al. A Review of Bottomup Building Stock Models for Energy Consumption in the Residential Sector[J]. Building & Environment, 2010, 45(7):1683-1697.

PISELLO A L, TAYLOR J E, XU X, et al. Inter-Building Effect:Simulating the Impact of a Network of Buildings on the Accuracy of Building Energy Performance Predictions[J]. Building & Environment, 2012, 58:37-45.

QUAN S J, ECONOMOU A, GRASL T, et al. Computing Energy Performance of Building Density, Shape and Typology in Urban Context[J]. Energy Procedia, 2014, 61:1602-1605.

SHIMODA Y, FUJII T, MORIKAWA T, et al. Residential End-Use Energy Simulation at City Scale[J]. Building and Environment, 2004, 39(8):959-967.

STR Mann-Andersen J, SATTRUP P A. The Urban Canyon and Building Energy Use:Urban Density Versus Daylight and Passive Solar Gains[J]. Energy & Buildings, 2011, 43(8):2011-2020.

STEEMERS K. Energy and the City:Density, Buildings and Transport[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2003, 35(1):3-14.

GEORGAKIS C, SANTAMOURIS M. Experimental Investigation of Air Flow and Temperature Distribution in Deep Urban Canyons for Natural Ventilation Purposes[J]. Energy & Buildings, 2006, 38(4):367-376.

LITTLEFAIR P. Daylight, Sunlight and Solar Gain in the Urban Environment[J]. Solar Energy, 2001, 70(3):177-185.

OKE T R. Street Design and Urban Canopy Layer Climate[J]. Energy & Buildings, 1988, 11(1/2/3):103-113.

OKEIL A. A Holistic Approach to Energy Efficient Building Forms[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2010, 42(9):1437-1444.

VICTOR O. Design with Climate:Bioclimatic Approach to Architectural Regionalism[M]. Princeton:Princeton University Press, 1963.

COMPAGNON R. Solar and Daylight Availability in the Urban Fabric[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2004, 36(4):321-328.

TAKEBAYASHI H, MORIYAMA M. Surface Heat Budget on Green Roof and High Reflection Roof for Mitigation of Urban Heat Island[J]. Building and Environment, 2007, 42(8):2971-2979.

NIACHOU A, PAPAKONSTANTINOU K, SANTAMOURIS M, et al. Analysis of the Green Roof Thermal Properties and Investigation of its Energy Performance[J]. Energy & Buildings, 2001, 33(7):719-729.

黄雄. 低碳城市街区空间形态的模式及管控研究[C]//2016中国城市规划年会论文集. 2016.

陈飞.建筑与气候:夏热冬冷地区建筑风环境研究[D].上海:同济大学, 2008.

付衡,龚延风,许锦峰,等.夏热冬冷地区居住建筑体形系数对建筑能耗影响的分析[J].新型建筑材料,2010,37(1):44-47

,50.

兰兵,黄凌江.对建筑物体形系数与节能关系的质疑[J].建筑节能,2013,41(5):65-70.

王振. 微气候视角下的城市街区环境定量分析技术[C]//第六届国际绿色建筑与建筑节能大会论文集.北京:中国城市科学研究会,2010:125-129.

NUNEZ M, OKE T R. The Energy Balance of an Urban Canyon[J]. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1977, 16(1):11-19.

郭红雨, 金琪, 朱志军. 低碳导向的城市空间布局规划技术探索[J]. 南方建筑, 2014(6):95-99.

FRANK L D, GREENWALD M J, WINKELMAN S, et al. Carbonless Footprints:Promoting Health and Climate Stabilization Through Active Transportation[J]. Preventive Medicine, 2010, 50(S):99-105.

樊登星,余新晓,岳永杰,等.北京市森林碳储量及其动态变化[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(增刊2):117-120.

TOWNSEND-SMALL A, CZIMCZIK C I. Carbon Sequestration and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Urban Turf[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2010, 37(2):1-5.

POUYAT R V, YESILONIS I D, GOLUBIEWSKI N E. A Comparison of Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Between Residential Turf Grass and Native Soil[J]. Urban Ecosystems, 2009, 12(1):45-62.

JO H K, MCPHERSON G E. Carbon Storage and Flux in Urban Residential Greenspace[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 1995, 45(2):109-133.

VELASCO E, ROTH M, TAN S H, et al. The Role of Vegetation in the CO₂ Flux from a Tropical Urban Neighbourhood[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions, 2013, 13(20):7267-7310.

MEIER A, FRIESEN J. Strategic-planting[J]. Energy Auditor and Retrofitter, 1987, 4:7-12.

PANDIT R, LABAND D N. Energy Savings from Tree Shade[J]. Ecological Economics, 2010, 69(6):1324-1329.

AKBARI H. Shade Trees Reduce Building Energy Use and CO₂ Emissions from Power Plants. Envir Pollution 116:S119-S126[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2002, 116(2):119-126.

AKBARI H, TAHA H. The Impact of Trees and White Surfaces on Residential Heating and Cooling Energy Use in Four Canadian Cities[J]. Energy, 1992, 17(2):141-149.

ROSENFELD A H, AKBARI H,JOSEPH J R, et al. Cool Communities:Strategies for Heat Island Mitigation and Smog Reduction[J]. Energy & Buildings,1998,28(1):51-62.

施引文献

资源附件(0)

访问统计