Abstract: Moso bamboo, reputed as "green steel", has the advantages of light weight, high strength, and being environmental friendly. Moreover, Moso bamboo with high efficiency of carbon sequestration, grows fast can be decomposed and recycled, making it particularly competitive for utilization in developing green energy-saving buildings. However, as a biomass material, the mechanical properties of Moso bamboo has the disadvantage of high discreteness, which has prevented it from being widely used. Non-destructive prediction was conducted on the bamboo specimens from Xianning, Hubei Province. The main variables include internode length, outer perimeter, cross section area, wall thickness, vascular bundles area ratio, and moisture content, etc. Based on the macro and meso characteristies analysis and axial compressive tests, a mathematical model for the bearing capasity of Moso bamboo was developed. The current research work could provide theoretical reference for the application of bamboo in engineering.