Abstract: It is necessary in some cases to infer the characteristic and design values of floor live loads in condition of Small samples，where the inference results are usually influenced remarkably by the statistical uncertainty． Since the present methods generally lead to unsafe results，the small sample inference method is expected． By using the best linear unbiased and invariant estimation of the parameters and fractile of largest extreme value distribution typeⅠ，it we firstly proposed a small sample method for inferring the characteristic and design values of floor live loads，called linear regression estimation． According to the Bayes theory，it was proposed the Bayesian method for inferring characteristic and design value of floor live loads． Then，we contrasted the above two kinds of small sample inference method and solved some specific problems in the application． Which provides a practical method for inferring characteristic and design value of floor live loads in condition of Small samples．