Abstract: Currently，there is no code and mature method that are specially used for the rapid identification of the reinforce concrete single-factory building after the earthquake in China. A specific method used for rapid assessment of the single-factory building after the earthquake is advised in this paper. Based on the analysis of earthquake damages of single-factory building，this method gives quantitative and qualitative judgments to the damage extent of the common components in the earthquake. By using the fuzzy mathematics method， the security level of the components can be evaluated and judgment matrix of membership grade can be established. Then the weights of components and structures are evaluated by using the AHP. Finally，according to analyzing the judgment matrix of level membership grade and the weights of components and structures comprehensively，the safety evaluation of the whole structure can be acquired. This method is easy to apply and has clear layers. The identification result of this method is accurate. In accordance with this method a computer program can be easily compiled to make the identification work procedurally and reduce the workload and identification time. Besides，by using this method，the judgment reference can be provided to set down the policies of salvation and put the rescue measures into practice.