Abstract: Solid clay bricks as the main building material were widely used in the rural dwellings in North Henan Province,but their production process destroys the land seriously and their energy consumption is so large,so there is a new research direction to find a new building material to take the place of solid clay bricks.In this paper,the straw bale is analyzed in terms of raw materials,thermal properties,environmental protection,manufacturing energy consumption etc,and the the prospects of straw-bales in the rural dwellings in North Henan is analyzed in combination with other energy-saving technologies.In the end,it is concluded that straw-bale building is a energy-efficient building along with benefits of society,economy and environment and has good application prospects in the rural dwellings in North Henan Province.