Abstract: Based on elastic foundation beam theory, a mechanical model is suggested for multi-ribbed slab structure under ax ial compression, and solving methods of the model are g iven. It is analyzed the various factors of influencing the bearing of components in structure, which are compared with experimental results. Results of the theory analysis and experiment show that the mechanical model is suitable for analyzing multi-ribbed slab structure under compression, and the calculation result is very exact. The mechanical model provides an important theory foundation for more development of compression and shear capability analysis of multi-ribbed slab structure. the proportion of components bearing vertical loads relate to side frame beam stiffness, rib space and side frame column stiffness, and the most influence factors are side frame beam stiffness and rib space.