Abstract: The real structural safety of mill building is ensured both by structure itself and human. For groups of mill buildings in service, the initial and most important barrier ensuring the structural safety of them is the maintenance and detection conducted by corporations themselves. Therefore, the human factor should be taken into account in the study and control of the real structural safety.The structural safety controlling mode of mill buildings in service is discussed first in the angle of ergonomics, the minimum and normal objectives of safety control are presented, and the relations between the human factor and the real structural safety is also discussed.To appraise the effects of human factor, the method to assess conditions for monitoring structural safety of industrial buildings is put forward finally.