Abstract: Suffered from the physical aging represented by environmental deterioration of architecture，problem of “united householder”，and regional economic loss，the old urban industrial residential areas are being marginalized with urban social and economic downturn． Meanwhile the transformation of residential structure has resulted in the social aging． The paper formulated the transformation process of housing construction development and establishes the idea of physical aging and social decline of the neighborhood with the Wuhan Qingshan Red House as the example． Means of protection and renewal were discussed lastly．